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[
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/
k
W
h
]
Monthly Diesel Generated Energy [kWh/month]
Actual Fuel Efficiency [L/kWh]
Eff. at25%loadratio
Eff. at100%loadratio
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April-2004 DailyOperationProfileofPVhybridsystem
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[
k
W
h
/h
]
2004/3/25
Charge-2
Charge-1
DEG
Admin10kW
School 40kW
Telecom
10kW
Hospital
40kW
Center-2
50kW
Center-1
50kW
IrradTilt
[kW/m2]
DailyOperationProfileofPVhybridsystem
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
2003 2004 2005
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d
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[
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/
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]
Horizontal Irradiation
In-plane Irradiation /60deg/
0
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
DEG [kWh] PV [kWh]
NEDOProject Period
Changeofelectrictariff
(fixed tometeredrate)
Nonsubsidyforthefuelcost
BatteryReplacement (1/4)
Extensionofsupply
time
A.Amarbayar, Zamenbek (NUM, SPE, Solar Labo. ),, Kenji Otani (AIST, Japan) A.Amarbayar, Zamenbek (NUM, SPE, Solar Labo. ),, Kenji Otani (AIST, Japan)
The system provides a high-level solar energy contribution (during
project period: 80.4%, during 09/2003-12/2007: 71%) and low-level
of failure rates from the view point of long-term reliability,
environmental issues, and dependency rates on fossil fuels.
Other hand, average PR (performance ratio) indicated low values:
0.20 (during project period), 0.14 (estimated values between
09/2003-12/2007) due to the limited demand and distributed/grid-
connected PV units (100kW) with the auxiliary power mode.
Causes of the low system performance ratio in this site were as
follows: The PV systems performed in self-sustained operation
modes, and the PV systems whose size was about three times as
much as peak power demand (70kW) were installed to keep system
reserved capacities to maintain voltages and frequencies of the off-
grid system. As a result, many dispersed PV units stood by except
when solar irradiation was low.
To achieve self-sustained operations (load dispatching capabilities by
PV+Bat unit), installation of large-capacity PV systems and expensive
initial investments are required, which requires to be considered.
- The NEDO of J apan has performed demonstrative research on hybrid type
photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems from 2002 to 2004 at the Noyon
soum, Umnugobi province,
-The main purpose of these projects was to improve system reliability and cost
performance on the natural conditions and distinctive social systems are rarely
seen in J apan.
Main operation mode Main operation mode
Source:NEDO, Demonstrative ResearchProject onDispersedPhotovoltaicPower GenerationSystem, 20032005
All system performance data have been evaluated in terms
of operational performance and reliability. The evaluation
procedures are based on the IEC Standard 61724 [7].
Y
r
= H
A
/ G
S
(1) Y
A
= E
A,d
/ P
max
(2)
Y
f
= E
load,d
/ P
max
(3) PR = Y
f
/ Y
r
(4)
The reference yield Y
r
is based on the in-plane irradiation H
A
and
represents the theoretically available energy G
S
per day and kW
p
. The final
PV system yield Y
f
is the daily PV system output energy E
P
to the load per
day and kWp, represents the number of hours per day that the array would
need to operate at its rated output power P
max
to contribute the same daily
array energy to the system as it was monitored. The system performance
ratio PR is the ratio of PV energy actually used to the energy theoretically
available (i.e. Y
f
/Y
r
). It is independent of location and system size and
indicates the overall losses on the arrays rated output due to module
temperature, incomplete utilization of irradiance and system component
inefficiencies or failures [2, 3].
In this analysis, system operation data referred by 2 different source. Main
data is measured operation data during project period (09/2003-03/2005),
which is provided by implementer of the NEDO project. The actual record
data after project period (04/2005-12/2007), which is obtained by follow
survey at the field site.
Long Term Operation Results: Monthly Power Production [kWh/M]
Photo by Kurochan
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5
E
n
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g
y
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
[
k
W
h
/
d
]
Charge-2
Charge-1
DEG
Admin 10kW
School 40kW
Telecom 10kW
Hospital 40kW
Center-2 50kW
Center-1 50kW
Ref. Yield [h]
MonthlyOperationProfileoftheNoyonPVhybridsystem
Parameter '03/9 '03/10 '03/11 '03/12 '04/1 '04/2 '04/3 '04/4 '04/5 '04/6 '04/7 '04/8 '04/9 '04/10 '04/11 '04/12 '05/1 '05/2 Avrg
Refer. Yield [h] 6.05 6.39 5.55 5.63 6.20 5.52 6.59 5.94 5.53 5.01 4.58 NA 6.53 6.70 6.02 4.95 6.25 6.18 5.86
Final Yield [h] 1.20 1.80 2.04 2.10 1.45 1.27 1.35 1.17 1.12 0.92 1.15 NA 0.76 0.87 0.67 0.48 0.55 0.80 1.16
Perf. Ratio 0.20 0.28 0.37 0.37 0.23 0.23 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.18 0.25 NA 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.13 0.20
PV Penetration 0.83 0.85 0.86 0.84 0.83 0.77 0.83 0.84 0.85 0.86 0.89 NA 0.76 0.79 0.71 0.69 0.72 0.77 0.80
- This paper describes the performance
analysis of PV-hybrid systems based on
measured operation data during project
period, and actual record data after project
period.
Location of the Noyon field site
The system consists of 4 dispersed grid-connected PV units, 2 centralized PV
units, 2 lead-acid battery units, central controller unit, and existing DEG 3 sets
(see Fig. 2). Dispersed PV units located at the school (40kW), hospital (40kW),
admin office (10kW), and telecommunication station (10kW). Modular PC (power
conditioner) 10kW employing multi units build up systems were used in each PV
unit. PC (10kW*10set) in a power center (PV100kW), were separated into 2 lines
(units) and each of them were designed to connect storage batteries (288kWh,
1000Ah*2V*144cell). Power conditioners of centralized PV unit, alternately switch
between self-sustained operations and grid-connected operations by orders of a
central controller and carries out adjustment of PV outputs and control of load
sharing according as power demand variation. Parallel hybrid operation of PV and
DEG avoided due to governor of existing DEG was manual.
(PV+Bat and DEG switching operation)
System configuration System configuration
Actual Diesel Fuel Efficiency (2003-2008)
Performance Evaluation results during project period
Solar Energy Resource
Operation Profile: Hourly/Daily/Monthly Energy Flow