NUMBER THEORY 2

1-If x and y are two-digit positive integers with 555 xy , what is y x ?

2-What is the smallest number that you must multiply 1512 by in order to get a perfect
square.

3-Mike has 78 baseball cards and 36 baseballs that he plans to sell in packages. Each
package must contain the same number of cards and the same number of baseballs. What
is the greatest number of packages he can sell so that there are no leftover cards or
baseballs?

4- A snack bar at the Sky Tower ordered bags of chips, which they receive in packages of
12 each. A snack bar at the Air Cloud center ordered the same number of bags of chips,
but receive them in packages of 15 each. What is the lowest number of bags the snack
bars could have ordered and how many packages did each receive?

5-The cookies in a jar contain a total of 1000 chocolate chips. All but one of these
cookies contains the same number of chips; it contains one more chip that the others. The
number of cookies in the jar is between one dozen and three dozen. What is the sum of
the number of cookies in the jar and the number of chips in the cookie with extra
chocolate chip?

2-If
9
) 1 10 ( 5
12

is written as an integer, then the number of times the digit 5 appears is

(A) 13 (B) 12 (C) 11 (D) 10 (E) 9

3-Solve for x : 9 9 x .

4-Without using calculator, write the following numbers in order from least to greatest.
55
3 ,
44
4 ,
33
5
Hint:
mn n m
a a ) (

5-Find the value of 5
3

b
a , if 2
b
a .

6-Find the value of
2
3
5
15
without calculating
3
15 .

7-Find the value of
2009 2010
2009 2010
2 2
2 2

.
Hint:
n m n m
a a a



8-Find the value of
200 201
200 201
3 3
3 3

.

9-If
y y x x
3 ) 3 3 ( 2 ) 2 2 (
2 3
where x and y are positive integers, what are x and
y .

10-Show that no positive integers x and y can be found such that
y y x x
3 ) 3 3 ( 2 ) 2 2 (
2 3


11- John put $0.01 into a bank account, which will doubles his money each day. He
needs $20 to buy a book. How many days will it take until he has enough money?

12- Britney Gallivan was the first person to fold a piece of paper in half 12 times,
something which had previously been believed to be impossible. How many layer of
paper would be in the stack?

13-Ramone dumped a large bucket of water onto his driveway to rinse it off. The water
from the bucket covered twice as much area every 2 seconds after it initially hit the
ground. After 20 seconds, the whole driveway was covered. How long did it take the
water to cover half of driveway?

14- A chemical called carbon-14 has a half life of about 5730 years, which means that
every 5730 years, the amount of carbon-14 in a specimen halves. An animal skull was
found that is known to have only
32
1
of the amount of carbon-14 as when the animal died.
How long ago did the animal die?