CIV2037F Additional Questions Solutions

Question 1

As a coach, you randomly assigned your players to two teams. Team A trained the old
fashioned way. Team B is using computer-assisted training. The numbers in the columns
below are the minutes needed to run around the track once.

Team A Team B
11 1
7 3
6 4
12 3
12 6
8 4
18 3
12 4

a) H
0
: Training with computer assistance improved track running times
H
1
: Training with computer assistance does not improve track running times

b) First compute the mean for each team















8
86
1

8
28
2


75 . 10
1
5 . 3
2


Team A Team B
Data
Entries
(X
1
) (X
1
-)
2

Data
Entries
(X
2
) (X
2
-)
2

11 0.0625 1 56.25
7 14.0625 3 12.25
6 22.5625 4 6.25
12 1.5625 3 72.25
12 1.5625 6 72.25
8 7.5625 4 20.25
18 52.5625 3 210.25
12 1.5625 4 72.25
86 101.5 28 522
Standard deviation is calculated by squaring the difference from the mean in each data
set and dividing the total by n-1, as shown below.
1 8
5 . 101
1

1 8
14
2

5 . 14
1
2
2

2
2
1
1
2 1
n n
t

8
2
8
5 . 14
5 . 3 75 . 10

t

05 . 5 t

c) This test has DoF of 14 and for 95% confidence; the relevant value for the t-test is
2.145. T-test value of 5.05 is greater than this and thus Team B took significantly
fewer minutes to run around the making. Hence the computer did improve track
running times and we accept H
0
.

Question 2
What is meant here by area is the area under the standard normal curve.
a) For x < 40, the z value at 40

X
z
4
30 40
z
5 . 2 z

From the z-table, P(X<40) = 1 - P(X>40)
= 1 0.0062
= 0.9938

b) For x > 21, the z value at 21

X
z
4
30 21
z
25 . 2 25 . 2 z

From the z-table, P(X>21) = 1 - P(X<21)
= 1 0.0122
= 0.9878
c) For x > 35, the z value at 35

X
z
4
30 35
z
25 . 1 z

From the z-table, P(30<X<35) = 0.5 - P(X>35)
= 0.5 0.1056
= 0.3944
Question 3


Expected Ratio Observed Expected (O-E)
2
(O-E)
2
/E
Stripes 4 50 44 36 0.82
Spots 3 41 33 64 1.94
Both 9 85 99 196 1.98
Total 16 176 176 296 4.74

Degree of freedom is 3-1=2.
The corresponding value from the Chi
2
distribution chart is as follows:
95% confidence: 5.99
The critical value of 4.74 is lower than 5.99 and thus the hypothesis can be accepted.


Question 4
As a merchant, you are interested in how well your coupon work. You randomly assigned
your customers to two groups. Half receive 10% off their next purchase, and half receive a
free movie ticket. Which is the better promotion? Below are the number of people per day.
10%-Off Free-Movie
2 11
3 8
4 17
4 19
4 3
5 12
6 8
6 8

First compute the mean for each option:















8
34
1

8
86
2


25 . 4
1
75 . 10
2


Standard deviation is calculated by squaring the difference from the mean in each data set
and dividing the total by n-1, as shown below.

1 8
5 . 13
1

1 8
5 . 191
2

9 . 1
1
4 . 27
2

10% Off Free Movie
Data
Entries
(X
1
)
(X
1
-
)
2

Data
Entries
(X
2
) (X
2
-)
2

2 5.0625 11 0.0625
3 1.5625 8 7.5625
4 0.0625 17 39.0625
4 0.0625 19 68.0625
4 0.0625 3 60.0625
5 0.5625 12 1.5625
6 3.0625 8 7.5625
6 3.0625 8 7.5625
34 13.5 86 191.5
2
2
1
1
2 1
n n
t

8
4 . 27
8
9 . 1
75 . 10 25 . 4

t

4 . 3 t
4 . 3 t (Two sided test and thus sign is irrelevant)
This test has DoF of 14 and for 99% confidence; the relevant value for the t-test is 2.977. T-
test value of 3.4 is greater than this and thus there is a distinct difference between the 2
options. Hence, the free movie option was significantly better.
Question 5

Let X be the random variable that represents the speed of cars. X has = 90 and = 10. We
have to find the probability that X is higher than 100 or P (x > 100)
For x > 100, the z value at 100

X
z
10
90 100
z
1 z
From the z-table, P(X>100) = P(X>100)
= 0.1587
The probability that a car selected at a random has a speed greater than 100 km/h is equal to
0.1587.

Question 6
For the mean, :
0.075 errors per page (given) for 200 pages gives a total of 15 errors in 200 pages.
Hence, the mean for 200 pages is 15.
!
) (
k
e
k p
k

! 12
15
) 12 (
12 15

e
k p
0829 . 0 ) 12 ( k p
% 29 . 8 ) 12 ( k p
Question 7
Let X be the random variable that represents the length of time. It has a mean of 50 and a
standard deviation of 15. We have to find the probability that X is between 50 and 70 or
P(50<x<70).

For x > 70, the z value at 70

X
z
15
50 70
z
33 . 1 z

From the z-table, P(50<X<70) = 0.5 - P(X>70)
= 0.5 0.0918
= 0.4082
The probability that John's computer has a length of time between 50 and 70 hours is equal to
0.4082.

Question 8
From the charts:
a) 0.1353

b) P(X=1) + P(X=2)
= 0.2707 + 0.2707
= 0.5414

c) P(X=0) + P(X=1) + P(X=2)
= 0.1353 + 0.2707 + 0.2707
= 0.6767

d) P(X>2) = 1 P(X=0) P(X=1)
= 1 0.1353 0.2707
= 0.594

Question 9
Let X be the random variable that represents the scores. X is normally distributed with a
mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100. The total area under the normal curve
represents the total number of students who took the test. If we multiply the values of the
areas under the curve by 100, we obtain percentages.
For x > 21, the z value at 21

X
z
100
500 585
z
85 . 0 z
From the z-table, P(X>585) = P(X>585)
= 0.1997
Therefore, 19.97% of scores should be higher than Toms score and he should be admitted
into the University based on the fact that he scored better than 80.23% of the students (which
is greater than the required 70%)

Question 10
Observed Expected (O-E)
2

(O-
E)
2
/E
Spades 404 400 16 0.04
Hearts 420 400 400 1.00
Diamonds 400 400 0 0.00
Clubs 376 400 576 1.44
Total 1600 1600 992 2.48

The degree of freedom is 4-1=3 and the confidence is 99%. Therefore the relevant Chi
2

distribution value is 11.34. The calculated value of 2.48 is significantly lower than this value
and thus the distribution of the suits is appropriate for a split of 25% to each suit.
Question 11
a) For X > 5.02, the z value at 5.02

X
z
02 . 0
5 02 . 5
z
1 z
From the z-table, P(4.98<X<5.02) = 2[0.5 - P(X>5.02)]
= 2[0.5 0.1587]
= 0.6826
b) For X > 5.04, the z value at 5.04

X
z
02 . 0
5 04 . 5
z
2 z
From the z-table, P(4.96<X<5.04) = 2[0.5 - P(X>5.04)]
= 2[0.5 0.0228]
= 0.9544

Question 12
In Poisson Distribution, the time period referred to in the rate must be the same as the time
period during which events are counted.
1 failure every 500 hours 4 failures every 2000 hours
Hence, = 4

For P (K=3), with = 4
Using tables, P (K=3) = 0.1954

Alternatively, from first principles
!
) 3 (
k
e
K P
k

! 3
4
) 3 (
3 4

e
K P
1954 . 0 ) 3 ( K P