THERMODYNAMICS

BASIC CONCEPTS
1. A can of soft drink at room temperature is put into the refrigerator so that it will cool. Would you
model the can of soft drink as a closed system or as an open system? Explain.
2. Draw a sketch of the following situations identifying a closed or an open system and the boundary
of the system.
a) A bicycle tire inflating
b) An automobile tire being heated while driving.
c) Cooling a desktop computer
3. A steel cylinder of mass 2 kg contains 4L of liquid water at 25C at 200 kPa. Find the total mass of
the system. List two extensive and three intensive properties of the water.
4. A gas contained within a piston-cylinder assembly undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of
three processes:
Process 1-2: Compression with pV = constant from p1 = 1 bar, V1 = 1.0 m3
to V2 = 0.2 m3
Process 2-3: Constant pressure expansion to V3 = 1.0 m3
Process 3-1: Constant volume.
Sketch the cycle on a pV diagram labeled with pressure and volume values at each
numbered state.
5. A temperature of a body is measured to be 26C. Determine the temperature in R, K and F.
6. The temperature of a system drops by 45F during a cooling process. Express this drop in
temperature in K, R and C.
7. The mass of air in a room 3 x 5 x 20m is known to be 350 kg. Determine the density and specific
volume of the air in the room.
8. A tank has two rooms separated by a membrane. Room A has 1kg of air and a volume of 0.5m3;
room B has 0.75 m3 of air with density 0.8 kg/ m3. The membrane is broken and the air comes to a
uniform state. Find the final density of the air.
9. The weight of an object on an orbiting space vehicle is measured to be 42 N based on an artificial
gravitational acceleration of 6 m/s2. Find the weight of the object, in N, on earth, where g=9.81
m/s2?
10. A 1200 kg car moving at 20 km/h is accelerated at a constant rate of 4m/s2 up to a speed of 75
km/h. What are the force and total time required?
11. A 15 kg steel container has 1.75 kilomoles of liquid propane inside. A force of 2 kN now accelerates
this system. What is the acceleration?
12. Express a pressure gage reading of 35 psi in absolute pascal. (Assuming Patm = 100 kPa).

13. A hydraulic lift has a maximum fluid pressure of 500 kPa. What should the piston cylinder diameter
be so it can lift a mass of 850 kg?
14. A manometer is attached to a tank of gas in which the pressure is 104.0 kPa. The manometer liquid
is mercury, with a density of 13.59 g/cm3. If g =9.81 m/s2 and the atmospheric pressure is 101.33
kPa, calculate the difference in mercury levels in the manometer, in cm and the gage pressure of
the gas, in kPa.
15. Blue manometer fluid of density 925 kg/m3 shows a column height difference of 6cm vacuum with
one end attached to a pipe and the other end open to P = 101 kPa. What is the absolute pressure
in the pipe?
16. An object whose mass is 400 kg is located at an elevation of 25 m above the surface of the earth.
For g = 9.78 m/s2, determine the potential energy of the object, in kJ, relative to the surface of the
earth.
17. A 10 kg body falls from rest, with negligible interaction with its surroundings. Determine its velocity
after it falls 5m.
18. A piston motion moves a 25 kg hammerhead vertically down 1 m from rest to a velocity of 50 m/s in
a stamping machine. What is the change in total energy of the hammerhead?
19. An airplane whose mass is 5000 kg is flying with a velocity of 150 m/s at an altitude of 10,000 m,
both measured relative to the surface of the earth. The acceleration of gravity can be taken as
constant at g =9.78 m/s2.
i. Calculate the kinetic and potential energies of the airplane, both in kJ.
ii. If the kinetic energy increased by 10,000 kJ with no change in elevation, what
would be the final velocity, in m/s?
20. A 1500 kg vehicle traveling at 60 km/h collides head on with a 1000 kg vehicle traveling at 90 km/h.
if they come to rest immediately after impact, determine the increase in internal energy, taking both
vehicles as the system.