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ExecutiveSummary
Indias eleventh five-year plan created the Skill Development Mission and the subsequent National
Skill Development Policy, which described an incredible and unprecedented challenge of skilling 500
million people by 2020 across various sectors. The 2009 Mckinsey report, Learning to Earn
describes two themes constantly referred to in skill development; a) that skill building is not an end
to itself but rather a means for job creation, employment or self-employment, with significantly
higher income potential; b) the public sector alone can most definitely not shoulder this burden on
its own and consequently, large scale private participation in training as a business will be
imperative.
The Public Health Foundation of India, in December 2012 released the report From Paramedics to
Allied Health Professionals, describing the fundamental issues in allied health is human resource
capacity building and their effective utilisation for the healthcare sector. The acknowledgement of
this valuable group of professionals as being integral to achieving the vision for universal healthcare
in India (including a comprehensive definition and classification of the plethora of specialties) was
indeed a paradigm-shifting perspective.
The report highlighted the gap in both; the sheer number of professionals of various specialties as
well as the quality of skills acquired by the graduating students from several hundreds of institutions
across the country. The numeric gap for the ten specialty groups further analysed in this report was
estimated using complex simulation tools to be roughly around 6.4 million AHPs.
In this short follow-up study, the Healthcare Sector Skill Council attempts to quantify the
industry perspective on the critical issue of skill gaps amongst allied health professionals and its
possible effects on employment opportunities.
In addition, the global norms for skills and competencies among the ten most common groups of
allied health professionals are described in detail, including linking their market demand to the actual
public health demand.
For instance, while the earlier report plugged the gap for overall
professionals to be largest among rehabilitation specialists, the current study, that is more of a
market-based demand analysis, reveals the largest demand among the large group of miscellaneous
professionals. The two most commonly occurring groups in this category seem to be medical
record technicians and general duty assistants (GDA).
Some of the major findings of our interactions with the management / leadership of over a hundred
mostly private sector hospitals were as follows:
Education being imparted to the AHPs has limited exposure to skills required on job. Thus the
entry-level candidates are mostly trained in-house except the specialties that already
have internships inbuilt in their curriculum (such as optometry, rehab courses, to name a
few).
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Across all the specialties, communication skills seem to be lacking in candidates. Technical
and learning aptitude; computer/IT-related skills; and patient bedside manner were sought in
some professionals across the specialties.
In candidates from a few organizations, professional and analytical skills were found to be
lacking and they seemed reluctant to learn the skills needed for an appropriate patient bedside
manner.
Although un-quantified at this time, facilities admitted that the lack of adequate skills and
knowledge on patient safety issues causes considerable iatrogenic diseases and deaths. For
instance, currently, Medical Laboratory Technology professionals do not receive adequate
training in phlebotomy.
Incoming competencies vary by the type and size of healthcare facility. Small and medium size
providers typically hire less experienced candidates and provide them in house training,
whereas the trend is reversed in case of large and multi-specialty providers where
employers seek highly competent and skilled manpower in each of the specialty.
Up-skilling and regular retraining to keep up with latest technologies and practices is
limited to a very small number of corporate/established hospital chains.
For larger medical institutions, professionals work in a single specialty. For most of the 100-200
bedded institutions in the country, predominantly, the absence or insufficient clarity of
job roles, unclear job descriptions and lack of resources leads to multiple, changing roles
being performed by the same individual.
For district hospitals, recruitment is done at state level. For diagnostic facilities,
recruitment is mostly done through advertisements and walk-in interviews. Larger
facilities have a more detailed process of recruitment and hire candidates from established
institutes. None of respondents mentioned any specific institute from where recruitment is done
under various specialties. Standalone clinics on the other hand, prefer hiring candidates
mostly through references / recommendations.
Similarly, attrition is more in small and medium size hospitals. The trained manpower shift from
smaller facilities to larger ones to gain raise in the career ladder. It is reported that highest
attrition rate is in case of diagnostics that includes medical lab as well as radio/imaging
technology.
Attrition is seen majorly in dialysis technicians, radiography and imaging technology and cardiac
technicians, due to better salaries and/or better incentives being offered in competitor
organizations. Lab and operation theatre technicians are comparatively stable in some
organizations, while in some others they have a high attrition rate. Attrition is higher among
young graduates and fresh recruits, whereas stability is noted to be higher among older
individuals.
56% of the total allied health staff as identified in this study was contractual in nature
with the general duty assistants and the medical record keepers mostly being contracted
while AHPs requiring specialist clinical skills such as optometrists, audiologists/speech
pathologists and physical therapists, among others, were in-house permanent employees.
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Ophthalmology related
Rehabilitation related
Surgery and intervention related
Medical laboratory technology related
Radiography and imaging technology related
Audiology and speech language pathology related
Medical technology related
Dental assistance technology related
Surgery and anaesthesia related
Miscellaneous
As the Indian healthcare sector gains prominence in the coming decades as one contributing in a
major way to overall national economic growth and development, market forces will make it
virtually impossible for both the public and the private sector to ignore the current chasms in quality
of service delivery and care, primarily impacted by the quality of skills of all healthcare professionals
responsible for healthcare delivery.
Skill development systems across the world reveal some common best practices that we could tailor
to enable solutions in the Indian healthcare context as follows:
1. Extensive employer participation as part of the curriculum design, delivery and assessment
of skills of students leads to a higher degree of planned placement outcomes.
2. Strong mechanisms for quality assurance through monitoring and formal accreditation of
institutions and individuals to include trainers, students and practicing professionals
3. Innovative delivery mechanisms to train trainers and students that involves using new
technologies, including simulation
4. Formal tracks for the educational and vocational tracks that allow mobility laterally and
vertically, improving the overall social perception for vocational training vis--vis the classic
educational system.
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An urgent and coordinated effort towards addressing skill gaps at the lower levels of healthcare
delivery would thus improve public health outcomes while also creating meaningful and sustainable
employment opportunities in the health sector for the youth of a growing India.
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Introduction
The 2006 World Health Report highlighted global attention on the shortage of healthcare workers.
The efficiency, composition, and distribution of the health workforce are crucial determinants of
healthcare system performance.1 In spite of substantial government efforts to improve health care
services and accessibility, gaps exist, especially in rural areas, in healthcare delivery system.
HSSC sought to identify one of the components of this gap, namely allied health professionals gap,
to make informed decisions to maximize training efforts needed.
Allied health professionals (AHPs) are intrinsic to effective healthcare delivery, especially in
developing countries which have a heavy disease burden and traditionally widespread shortage of
human resources in the healthcare system. The national estimates available through various sources
do not cover all allied health cadres as identified in the PHFI report From Paramedics to Allied
Health Professionals: Landscaping the Journey and Way Forward. As per the report, the present
system lacks any record that covers the various Allied Health Professionals (AHPs). Hence, it is felt
necessary to conduct a gap analysis of human resources based on the requirement in various sectors
of employment of such cadres.
Gap analysis is the process of comparing the workforce supply projection to the workforce demand
forecast. An analysis of this background considers the composition of the workforce, including
demographic characteristics, geographic location, size, and employee competencies level in order to
capture the relevant data.
Objective
The study has the following objectives:
a) To review the size and profile of the sector and geographical location of healthcare service
providers;
b) To identify the number of jobs available and workforce in key sub-sectors and verticals and
emerging demands;
c) To identify the various work specifications / job roles pertaining to the allied health cadres, as
also including expected outcome and competencies required to achieve the expected outcome;
d) To identify various career paths / opportunities for progression, commencing from entry level
to senior positions under the allied health ambit;
e) To identify various employment opportunities for undergraduate level students;
f) To assess the number of allied health courses across various levels, such as degree, diploma and
certificate;
WorldHealthOrganization.TheWorldHealthReport2006:workingtogetherforhealth.2006.
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g) To identify the existing formal & non-formal education and training institutes across the
country.
Methodology
A multi-pronged strategy has been used which consists of the following:
a)
Extensive secondary data analysis to map the existing formal and non-formal education and
training institutes and the various levels of education being imparted in these institutes;
b) Primary data collection through facility visits using a well-designed questionnaire to obtain
details on the parameters discussed previously, from healthcare facilities;
c) Focus group discussions to gauge perspectives and job roles of various allied health cadres in
the country: Three different groups were taken into consideration
i. students (currently pursuing the allied health course) and
ii. practicing professionals representing various allied health cadres
iii. management professionals of the healthcare facilities
d) Analysis of the shortfall in the number of AHPs using all the data obtained through a structured
approach
i. To calculate the imbalance, an approach developed by Zurn et al has been used, in which the
supply of these professionals based on the study done by PHFI will be compared to the
demand for these professionals based on the targets set as per international health
standards for developing countries2
ii. The literature search was focused on issues related to human resources for healthcare
including shortage, imbalance, retention and optimal need for all specialization categories
mentioned above. Various literature including Ministry of Health reports, health
workforce planning documents and capacity data from training institutions has been used
for this purpose.
ZurnP,DalPozM,StilwellB,AdamsO.Imbalancesinthehealthworkforce.WorldHealthOrganization;2002.
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The entire process been undertaken to accomplish the strategy has been depicted in the figure
below:
Figure 1 Process highlights of industry study for allied health professionals
Katrak H. Measuring the shortage of medical practitioners in rural and urban areas in developing countries: a simple framework and simulation exercises with
data from India. International Journal of Health Planning and Management. 2008; 23:93-105
4 National Rural Health Mission. Bulletin on Rural Health Statistics in India. [Internet], 2012 [cited 2012 Jan 10]; Available from:
http://www.nrhmassam.in/pdf/guideline2/bulletin/Rural%20Health%20Care%20System%20in%20India.pdf
3
Page|7
done by PHFI and the World Bank in 20085 indicates that across most health worker categories,
typically 60 percent of the health workers are present in urban areas. To account for this difference,
rural and urban numbers were calculated separately. Demographic parameters such as total, rural,
and urban population numbers and percentage of rural and urban areas were obtained from 2011
Census data.6
Projection (Demand)
Depending on data availability, a range of sources including Indian or international health standards
set by WHO or US were used in the analysis. An optimal demand number was obtained for each
sub-category of workforce. These demand numbers were obtained through various literature sources
and government reports. In several cases numbers were estimated based on US Bureau of Labor
Statistics numbers.
Human Resources for Health in India. Indias Health Workforce Size, Composition and Distribution. [Internet], 2008 [cited 2012 Jan 10]; Available from:
http://www.hrhindia.org/assets/images/Paper-I.pdf
6 Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. NRHM Health Management Information System Portal. Bulletin on Rural Health Statistics in India. [Internet], 2010 [cited
2012 Jan 12]; Available from: http://nrhm-mis.nic.in/UI/RHS/RHS%202010/RHS%202010/RHS%20Bulletin-March%202010.pdf
5
Page|8
Page |9
Following are some of the inference and key highlights from the survey being undertaken.
Considering the scope of the study, limitations are also been included at the end as ready reference
for the reader.
Page|10
e) Mid-level Hospitals
This category consists of facilities with bed strength of 100 250 beds.
f) Small Hospitals
This category consists of facilities with bed strength of less than 100 beds.
g) Diagnostic facilities
The percentage distribution of the sample facilities is indicated in the graph below:
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The graph below indicates the proportion of regular versus the contractual staff in the various
specialties. Most of the allied health
professionals (56% of the total head
count) are hired on contractual basis.
Majority of the therapeutic and technical
service providers such as in case of
optometry, rehabilitation, dental ,
medical technology, surgical intervention
to name a few are mostly regular staff.
Miscellaneous category AHPs such as
general duty assistants, record keeper
etc. are mostly contractual staff.
The graph below indicates the percentage of healthcare service providers having allied health
professionals (AHP) in their facility.
Maximum sample facilities (81%)
indicate that they have miscellaneous
category of AHPs working with them
such as general duty assistants,
medical record keepers to name a few.
Also diagnostics have been a major
area of recruitment for AHP which
includes medical lab (79%) as well as
radio and imaging services (68%).
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The facilities interviewed for the survey mentioned varied designations under each specialty
being assigned to the allied health professionals, as indicated in the table below. The current job
titles do not reflect the extent of duties of the allied health professionals being performed.
Neither have they had any defined job description which is indicative of multitasking within the
department or across the healthcare facility. The system also lacks grading the various levels
(based on qualification and experience) resulting in different criteria of hiring among the
employees.
Table 1 Allied health professions and job titles assigned to them in various healthcare settings
Specialty
Profession
Job title/designations
Ophthalmology
Optometrist
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation therapist
(Physiotherapist)
Cardiopulmonary
perfusionists
Medical lab
Radiography and
imaging
Radiotherapy and
imaging technician
Audiologist
Medical technology
Dialysis technician
Dental assistance
Dental hygienist
OT technician
Miscellaneous
Medical record
technicians
Need for clear definition of job roles : The survey highlighted that most of the AHPs are
multitasking. However, for larger medical institutions, professionals work in a single specialty.
For most of the 100-200 bedded institutions in the country, predominantly, the absence or
insufficient clarity of job roles, unclear job descriptions and lack of resources leads to multiple,
changing roles being performed by the same individual. For example, a dental technician covers
up as an X-ray and lab technician. Similar multi-tasking occurs in smaller diagnostic centres, as
the lab technician tends to double up as a receptionist. Smaller nursing homes have minimal
staffs that work across specialties. When questioned on the absence of an appropriately qualified
AHP, they were content with the situation and felt that such a professional was not needed.
None of the respondents mentioned any clear role been assigned to these professional for
additional roles been imparted to them.
The series of graphs below indicate the distribution of allied health staff among varied specialties
and levels of healthcare providers.
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Figure 5 Distribution of allied health professionals across healthcare facilities and specialties
Page|15
Small and medium size providers typically hire less experienced candidates and provide
them in house training, whereas the trend is reversed in case of large and multi-specialty
providers where employers seek competent and skilled manpower in each of the
specialty.
Similarly, attrition is more in small and medium size hospitals. The trained manpower
shift from smaller facilities to larger ones to gain raise in the career ladder. It is reported
Page|16
that highest attrition rate is in case of diagnostics that includes medical lab as well as
radio/imaging technology.
Details on the competencies specialty-wise are included in later sections of the report.
G. Allied Health and Paramedics : Career Growth Path
Many employers ensure that their employees have sufficient opportunities to grow both
vertically and laterally, though there is lack of any well-designed career ladder for allied health
professionals under various specialties. The experience of the candidate, an optimum
performance at tasks assigned, knowledge of technical aspects, punctuality and attendance
are some of the criteria used. Incentives provided include regular CMEs, periodic
recreational group activities; and in the case of diagnostic facilities, overtime pay or additional
pay for home-based collection.
The survey highlights some of the common trend of existing career pathways as indicated in
the tables below:
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Diploma
Bachelors
Lab Assistant
Lab Assistant
Lab Technician
Lab Technician
Masters
Page|18
H. Trends in Recruitment
It is difficult to recruit and retain highly skilled allied health professionals. Candidates for
medical lab technology, particularly histopathology; medical technology, particularly dialysis;
CSSD technicians; superspecialty such
as short-care, neonatal and oncology
technicians
and
mammography
technicians are hard to come by.
For district hospitals, recruitment is done at state level. For diagnostic facilities, recruitment is
mostly done through advertisements and walk-in interviews. Larger facilities have a more
detailed process of recruitment and hire candidates from established institutes. None of
respondents mentioned any specific institute from where recruitment is done under various
specialties. Standalone clinics on the other hand, prefer hiring candidates mostly through
references / recommendations.
I. Trends in Skill Gaps
Across all the specialties, communication skills seem to be lacking in candidates. Candidates tend
to have basic communication skills, but need additional training. In some cases this is due to a
language barrier, in some because they are accustomed to working in back-end processes. In yet
a few cases, it is due to a lack of empathy towards patients.
Technical and learning aptitude; computer/IT-related skills; and patient bedside manner are a
felt need in some professionals across the specialties.
In some cases, there is an under-utilization of skills such as in the case of ambulance workers
and ward boys.
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Lowest
skill gap
Highest
skill gap
Highest
skill gap
When recruiting new candidates, employers in diagnostic facilities specifically look for basic
knowledge, willingness to work on holidays and communication abilities, whereas standalone
clinics look for eagerness to learn. For professionals in the field of medical lab technology,
phlebotomy is an important skill that employers of all kinds of facilities look for.
The respondents to our survey majorly belonged to the leadership and human resource
departments of the facilities and do not work in direct contact with allied health professionals.
Hence, they were unable to provide any relevant data pertaining to least and maximum gap in
technical skills based on each specialty.
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Across the length and breadth of our survey, employers observed that when candidates are
employed from well established institutes, they are well-trained. For most other candidates,
additional training is always essential. Some institutions provide students with degrees but do not
have their own hospitals, resulting in limited hands-on experience. In some cases, professionals
across the specialties possess minimal skills and prefer back-end processes where they do not
have to interact with the patients. A majority of employers find that it is necessary to provide inservice training using refresher or weekly training by experienced staff.
With the regular introduction of new technology, constantly updating ones knowledge is the
need of the hour for professionals in radiology and lab technology. Yet, minimal attention is
attributed to this aspect from both employers and employees.
K. Attrition
Attrition of allied health professionals is a major grouse among employers. Varied degree and
timing of appraisal is also a common of attrition among allied health professionals. This
phenomenon is seen majorly in dialysis technicians, radiography and imaging technology and
cardiac technicians, due to better salaries and/or better incentives being offered in competitor
organizations. Attrition is higher among young graduates and fresh graduates, whereas stability
is noted to be higher among older individuals. In district hospitals, attrition mainly occurs due to
the lack of a safe working atmosphere for staff.
An internship is done after the completion of the academic cycle. It is only during the internship, however, that the student experiences firsthand the actual process of working with patients, under a mentor. The internship period allows a practical and hands-on learning experience
outside the classroom.
7
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L. Outsourcing of candidates
Most of the organizations surveyed had hired their staff on a regular or contractual basis.
However, in some organizations it was preferred to completely outsource some specific
departments such as housekeeping, cleaning, dental, and in some cases dietetics/nutrition.
Since technicians need to be highly skilled, positions are usually available, but there are not
enough candidates in the market. This leads to outsourcing of services. During the survey
another trend has been highlighted in which manpower outsourced though services are provided
within the same healthcare facility. These employees are also given a contractual status. Due to
this ambiguity a clear picture of the number of allied health professionals that are outsourced is
hard to piece together.
The headcount is derived from the sample facilities being considered for the study. Considering
the extent of existing AHPs in the market, there is a scope for detailed study for each profession.
All the positions being offered are treated as entry level as there is no designated career ladder in
the system. Thus percentage of entry-level headcount is not applicable in this section. None of
the respondents gave any relevant data pertaining to the future hiring of allied health
professionals.
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Table 2 Total headcount of the allied health professionals in the sample healthcare service providers
Numbers
Ophthalmology
Surgery and anesthesia
Medical technology
Surgical and intervention
Radio and imaging
Audio and speech
Rehabilitation
Medical lab technology
Dental assistance
Miscellaneous
Total
Percentage
84
543
117
248
557
49
231
949
69
1451
4298
2%
13%
3%
6%
13%
1%
5%
22%
2%
34%
100%
The gap for specific specialty based on population ratios is included in the section later in
the report.
Based on the previous study conducted by PHFI From Paramedics to Allied Health the
highest technical demand is identified in miscellaneous, rehabilitation, dental to name a few.
This finding is different as the estimates are based on population need whereas the table
above indicates the market scenario.
Table 3 Population based need of allied health professionals of various categories
Health Workforce
Category
Ophthalmology
Rehabilitation
Surgical and intervention
Medical laboratory
Radiography and imaging
Audiology and speech
Medical technology
Dental assistance
Surgery and anesthesia
Miscellaneous
Numbers
145236
1862584
205088
76884
23649
10599
239657
2048391
862193
1074473
Percentage
2%
28%
3%
1%
0%
0%
4%
31%
13%
16%
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Annexures
Page |25
Annexure 1
List of Participants in the Survey
Sl
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Organisations
Aakash Hospital
Action Balaji Hospital
Akshar Purshottam arogya mandir
Amar Leela Hospital, Delhi
Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and
Research Centre
Anand Nursing Home, Mumbai
Artemis Health Institute, Gurgaon
Ayushman hospital
Batra Hospital and Medical Research
Centre
BL Kapoor Hospital
Centre For Sight, Safdarjung enclave, New
Delhi
Chand Hospital, Dwarka
CHC Lathidad, Bhavnagar, Gujarat
CHC, Barwala, Hissar
Daya General hospital and specialty
surgical centre
Delhi Diagnostic Centre, Dwarka
Delhi Heart and Lung Hospital
District hospital, Ambikapur
District Hospital, Chirang, Assam
District hospital, Jaspur
District Hospital, Mahasamund
Diwan Chand Imaging Centre K.G.
Marg
Small
Medium
Y
Y
Y
Y
Large
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Page |26
Sl
No.
28
29
Organisations
Small
Medium
Y
Large
Y
Y
42
43
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
30
37
38
39
40
31
32
33
34
35
36
41
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
Page |27
Sl
No.
56
57
58
59
60
Organisations
71
72
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Small
Medium
Large
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
31
30
Y
11
Page |28
Annexure 2
List of formal and informal institution offering allied health courses
Optometry
1. All India Institute of Optometrical Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal
2. Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS), Kochi , Kerala
3. Andhra Medical College, Vishakapatnam , Andhra Pradesh
4. ARS Group of Educational Institutes, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu
5. Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh , Assam
6. B.R.D. Medical College , Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh
7. Bankura Sammilani Medical College , Bankura, West Bengal
8. College of Optometry, Pune , Maharashtra
9. Dr. Anand College of Optometry and Vision Science, Salem , Tamil Nadu
10. Dr. K.R. Adhikary College of Optometry and Paramedical Technology, Nadia , West Bengal
11. Dr. Mohan Lal Memorial Gandhi Eye Hospital, Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh
12. Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences
(AIIMS), New Delhi, Delhi
13. G.R. Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh
14. Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
15. Global Hospital Institute of Ophthalmology, Sirohi , Rajasthan
16. Government Medical College , Patiala, Punjab
17. Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram , Kerala
18. Government Opthalmic Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
19. I.P.S. Institute, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh
20. Insitute of Ophthalmology: Joseph Eye Hospital, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu
21. Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh
22. Karnataka Medical College, Hubli , Karnataka
23. Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool , Andhra Pradesh
24. L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
25. Lotus College of Optometry, Mumbai , Maharashtra
26. M and J Institute of Ophthalmology, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
27. M.L.B. Medical College, Jhansi , Uttar Pradesh
28. M.R. Medical College, Gulbarga , Karnataka
29. Madurai Medical College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu
30. Malankara Orthodex Syrian Church Medical Mission Hospital (MOSC Medical College),
Ernakulam, Kerala
31. Medical College , Surat, Gujarat
32. Medical College, Amritsar , Punjab
Page |29
72. Surya Kiran Institute of Paramedical Sciences and Computer Technology, Bathinda, Punjab
73. T.D. Medical College (Thirumala Devasam Medical College), Alappuzha, Kerala
74. Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu
75. Tripura Institute Of Paramedical Sciences (TIPS) , Agartala, Tripura
76. University of Calicut, Kozhikode, Kerala
Prosthetics and Rehabilitation
1. Akshar Trust, Vadodara , Gujarat
2. Alakendu Bodh Niketan Residential, Kolkata , West Bengal
3. Ali Yavar Jung National Institute for the Hearing Handicapped (AYJNIHH), Eastern Regional
Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal
4. Ali Yavar Jung National Institute for the Hearing Handicapped (AYJNIHH), Mumbai,
Maharashtra
5. Ali Yavar Jung National Institute for the Hearing Handicapped (AYJNIHH), Northern Regional
Centre, New Delhi, Delhi
6. Ali Yavar Jung National Institute for the Hearing Handicapped (AYJNIHH), Southern Regional
Centre, Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh
7. All India Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AIIPMR), Mumbai, Maharashtra
8. All India Institute of Speech and Hearing (AIISH), Mysore, Karnataka
9. Amar Jyoti Research and Rehabilitation Centre, New Delhi, Delhi
10. Ayodhya Charitable Trust, Pune, Maharashtra
11. B.N. Institute of Mental Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
12. Bala Vihar Training School, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
13. Blind Peoples Association, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
14. Blind Relief Association, New Delhi, Delhi
15. C.S.I. Training Centre for Teachers of the Hearing Impaired, Kollam, Kerala
16. Central Institute of Mental Retardation, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
17. Central Institute of Teachers of the Deaf, Mumbai , Maharashtra
18. Chakradhara Institute of Rehabilitation Science , Bhubaneswar, Orissa
19. Chetna Institute for the Mentally Handicapped, Bhubaneswar, Orissa
20. Chetna Institute of Mentally Handicapped, Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh
21. Christian Medical College , Vellore, Tamil Nadu
22. Clarke School for the Deaf, Mylapore, Tamil Nadu
23. Deaf and Dumb Industrial Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra
24. Deepshikha Institute for Child Development and Mental Health, Ranchi , Jharkhand
25. Digdarshika Institute of Rehabilitation and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
26. Dilkush Teachers Training In Special Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra
27. Divya Shanti Special School, Kolar, Karnataka
28. Dr. T.M.A. Pai College of Special Education, Udupi , Karnataka
29. Educational Audiology and Research Centre School for Deaf, Mumbai , Maharashtra
Page |31
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
36. Dr. Abdul Kalam Institute Of Para Medical Sciences, Bijapur, Karnataka
37. Dr. Ambedakar Institute Of Para Medical Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka
38. Dr. B R Ambedkar Institute Of Para Medical College, Chitradurga, Karnataka
39. Dr. K.R. Adhikary College of Optometry and Paramedical Technology, Nadia , West Bengal
40. Dr. N.G.P. Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
41. Dr.R.N Biradar Para Medical College, Bijapur, Karnataka
42. Gandhigram Institute of Rural Health and Family Welfare Trust, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu
43. Gandhiji Para Medical College, Gadag, Karnataka
44. Gangotri Para Medical College, Shimoga, Karnataka
45. Global Institute of Medical Sciences, Vadodara, Gujarat
46. Global Para Medical Institute, Gulbarga, Karnataka
47. GMETs Dr. Goudars Paramedical Institute, Bijapur, Karnataka
48. Gnana Peetha Para Medical Institution, Yadgir, Karnataka
49. GNM Institute Of Para Medical Sciences, Bellary, Karnataka
50. Goutham College of Paramedical Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka
51. H.D. Devegowda Institute Of Para Medical Sciences, Hassan, Karnataka
52. H.E.H.S Institute Of Para Medical Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka
53. Hassan Institute Of Medical Sciences, Hassan, Karnataka
54. Hind College of Management and Information Science, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh
55. IGNOU, Delhi, Delhi
56. Inamdar Institute Of Para Medical Sciences, Gulbarga, Karnataka
57. Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, Bihar
58. Indira Gandhi Institute Of Para Medical Science, Chitradurga, Karnataka
59. Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Delhi, Delhi
60. Institute of Public Health & Hygiene, Delhi, Delhi
61. Jagajyothi Basaweshwara Para Medical College, Gulbarga, Karnataka
62. Jaganmatha Institute Of Para Medical Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka
63. Jamia Hamdard, Delhi, Delhi
64. Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry,
Pondicherry
65. Jnana Gangothri Institute Of Para Medical Science, Shimoga, Karnataka
66. Jnanabharathi Institute Of Para Medical Sciences, Chitradurga, Karnataka
67. Joshi Institute Of Para Medical Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka
68. Jyothi Institute Of Para Medical Sciences, Bidar, Karnataka
69. Kalpataru Institute Of Para Medical Science, Mangalore, Karnataka
70. Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubli, Karnataka
71. Lakshmi Institute Of Paramedical Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka
72. Laxmi Narayana Para Medical Institute, Bagalkot, Karnataka
73. Lourdes Hospital, Kochi, Kerala
74. Madeena Para Medical Science, Dharwad, Karnataka
75. Madhya Pradesh Paramedical Council, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
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156. Sri Sharada Educational & Social Welfare Society, Bellary, Karnataka
157. Sri Siddeshwara Para Medical Institute, Davangere, Karnataka
158. Sri Veera Rani Kittur Chennamma Paramedical Institute, Bellary, Karnataka
159. Sri Veerabhadreshwara Institute Of D.H.I., Bidar, Karnataka
160. Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh
161. Sri Vinayaka Para Medical Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka
162. Sri.S. Nijalingappa-Medical Educational Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka
163. Sridevi Institute Of Para Medical Sciences, Tumkur, Karnataka
164. Sripad Hegade Kadave Institute Of Para Medical Sciences, Udupi, Karnataka
165. SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
166. Srujana Institute Of Para Medical Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka
167. St. Marys Para Medical College, Chitradurga, Karnataka
168. St. Stephen's Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi
169. St.Francies Xeviar Institute Of Health Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka
170. Suvarna Sarvodaya Para Medical Institute, Gulbarga, Karnataka
171. Svm Para Medical Institute, Bijapur, Karnataka
172. Swamy Vivekananda Institute Of Para Medical Sciences, Hassan, Karnataka
173. Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
174. Tara Institute Of Para Medical Sciences, Bijapur, Karnataka
175. V.C. Akki College Of Para Medical Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka
176. V.P. Gala Institute Of Para Medical Sciences, Gadag, Karnataka
177. V.S Para Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka
178. Vardhamana Para Medical College, Mandya, Karnataka
179. Veerashettappa Mailare Institute Of Para Medical Sciences, Bidar, Karnataka
180. Vidyanikethana Education Institute Of Para Medical Sciences, Bijapur, Karnataka
181. Vidyarthi Para Medical College, Chikkamangalore, Karnataka
182. Vijaya Institute Of Para Medical Sciences, Belgaum, Karnataka
183. Vijayanagar Institute Of Medical Science College, Bellary, Karnataka
184. Vikram Para Medical Institute, Mysore, Karnataka
185. Yathindra Institute Of Para Medical Science, Hassan, Karnataka
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Abbreviations
AA
Anaesthesiologist assistant
ABRET
AHIMA
AHP
ALS
ANM
BASLP
BLS
BPT
Bachelor of Physiotherapy
CME
CPR
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CSSD
CT
Computed tomography
DMLT
DO
Doctor of Osteopathy
ECG/EKG Electrocardiogram
EEG
Electroencephalogram
EMG
Electromyography
EMS
END
Electroneurodiagnostic
EP
Evoked potential
Page |48
FNAC
HOD
Head of department
HRH
IEP
IOM
Intraoperative monitoring
ISO
IT
Information technology
IVP
Intravenous pyelogram
LTM
MD
Doctor of Medicine
MRI
MSW
NABL
NCS
NREMT
OT
Operation theatre
OT
Occupational therapists
OTA
P&O
PACS
PFT
PGDCA
PHC
PhD
Doctor of Philosophy
PHFI
PSG
Polysomnography
Page |49
PT
Physical therapists
RCI
RHIT
SEARO
Spiral CT
STAT
STD
US
United States
USG
Medical ultrasonography
WCO
WHO
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The survey report was prepared by a consortium of Accenture Services Pvt Ltd and Public Health
Foundation of India for Healthcare Sector Skill Council as a part of project for developing
National Occupational Standards (NOS) & Qualification Packs for various job-roles pertaining to
Allied Health Professionals.
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Healthcare Sector Skill Council
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