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Memory Basics
Memory is generally divided into locations that store a fixed amount
of data. (usually a byte)
Memory connections
Address Connections
All memory devices have address inputs that select a memory
location within the memory device.
They are usually labelled from 0 ,the least significant address input to
, the most significant.
A 1K device has 10 address pins; labelled 0 9 .
Memory addresses are usually represented in hexadecimal.
Example: 400H represents 1K-bytes. If a memory device is decoded to
begin at address 1000H, and it is a 1K device, what is the address of
the last memory location?
Others you should keep in mind: 1000H : 4K, 10000H : 64K, etc
Practical Application
Processors
64 x 1 bit
8 x 1 byte
or
8 x 8 bit
16 x 4 bit
Data Connections
All memory devices have a set of data outputs or input/outputs. The
figure in slide 4 has a set of common I/O pins.
The data connections are the points at which data is entered for
writing or extracted for reading.
Data pins on memory devices are almost always labelled Do D7 for an
8-bit wide memory device. (Often called byte-wide memory)
It is however possible to have 16-bits, 4-bits, or just 1-bit wide
memory devices.
Memory devices are also classified according to the total bit capacity.
Example: 1K x 8 may be listed as 8K, 64K x 4 as 256K, etc
Selection Connections
Each memory device has an input that selects or enables the device.
(Refer again to image on Slide 4)
This input is often called a chip select (CS or ) or chip enable (CE or
). It is sometimes simply referred to as a Select (S or ) input.
If this input is active the memory device performs a read or write. If it
is inactive, the memory device is disabled.
Control Connections
All memory devices have some form of control input(s).
This input determines what kind of action is performed on the device.
A ROM usually has one control input, the output connection () or
gate ( ) input. (Why?)
A RAM device has one or two control inputs.
If there exists only one control input it is usually labelled / .
If there are two control inputs, they are labelled and
Data signals on the other hand are usually represented by a single line
when inactive and a double line when active.
Read Protocol
Write Protocol
Assignment.