-´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 2 -úÕÂÆç•®Ω’ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

T. Sunil, Cheriyal. How long is it since you came?

-


Ééπ\-úø’†o †®Ωh-èπ◊™x
Q. Study, read OöÀE àßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ØËØÌ*a áçûª-ÊÆ-°æ-®·uçC? Ç¢Á’ äéπ®Ω’.
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√™ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. How long is it since I came?
A. Read Åçõ‰ ´÷´‚-©’í¬ îªü¿-´úøç –
ØËØÌ*a ÉçûªÊÆ°æ-®·Ø√ O’®Ω’ °æöÀdç--éÓ-™‰ü¿’. M.Laxman,
Newspapers, Novels ™«çöÀN – It is long since I came and you have taken Kakinada.
We read Newspapers, novels, etc. no notice of me . Q. Ø√èπ◊ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ éÌEo
Study Åçõ‰ ¶«í¬ °æJ-Q-Lç*, v°æA N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo Q. I am done I have done
èπ◊, èπ◊, He is goneèπ◊, °æü∆-©†’ ᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-
Å®Ωnç-îË-Ææ’-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ v°æߪ’-AoÆæ÷h îªü¿-´úøç. He has gone èπ◊ Ö†o ûËú≈-©†’ N¨¡-D-éπ-Jç-îªçúÕ. Tç-î √™ ûÁL-ߪ’-úøç-
a) Students study their text books, notes, A. I am done = ؈’ °æE-°æ‹-Jh-îË-¨»†’/ Ø√ °æE ™‰ü¿’. ÅN: by, tend their children = ûª©’x©’ °œ©x-©†’ vÊ°´’ûÓ
etc. °æ‹®Ωh-®·uçC. though, suppose, regard, tend, asto, apart, îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’.
by means of, apart from, somehow, as of,
b) He is studying maths now, and wants to I have done = ؈’ î˨»†’. ÉC sentence
As to = 1) With regard to = Ç N≠æ-ߪ’ç™
study physics later - even as, even then, even since, for all, and
É°æ¤púøûª†’ í∫ùÀûªç îªü¿’- é¬ü¿’. I have done - ؈’ î˨»†’, üËEE ÅØËC 2) I do not know as to why he did it = Å™«
Physics out of.
´¤-ûª’-Ø√oúø’, ûª®√yûª îªü¿’-´¤-û√úø’. ûÁLߪ’-úøç-™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd ÉC sentence é¬ü¿’. Ñ °æü∆-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√n©’ èπÿú≈ îÁ°æp- áçü¿’èπ◊ î˨»úÓ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’. Å®·ûË Ééπ\úø
äéπ class îªü¿-´úøç èπÿú≈ study. He is gone = Åûª†’ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’ = He has
í∫-©®Ω’. as to ¢√úøéπç ņ-´-Ææ®Ω §ƒçúÕûªuç, ´C-™‰-ߪ’úøç
A. By – 1) passive ™ object ´·çü¿’ by ¢√úøû√ç
Q. The police has arrested a theif. gone. Å®·ûË He is gone ņo-°æ¤púø’, 'Åûª-úø’—èπ◊ ´’ç*C.
The police have arrested a thief. v§ƒ´·êuç. He has gone ™ '¢Á∞«x-úø’—èπ◊ – äéπ-J-îËûª ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ.
Apart = 1) separately - keep the two apart
v§ƒ´·êuç. eg: She was murdered by her husband = Ç È®çúÕç-öÀF/ ¢√Rx-ü¿lKo ¢Ë®Ω’í¬ Öç.
Ñ È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u™x àC éπÈ®éÓd ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
Q. He was going to schoolèπ◊, He used to go to (¶µº®Ωh îËûª îªç°æ-•-úÕçC). Apart from = Apart from being rich,
A. The police have arrested, correct.
ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈,
he is well read (too) =
Police plural.
á°æ¤púø÷

He seems to be happy
Police èπ◊singular
üµ¿E-èπ◊úË é¬èπ◊çú≈ Åûªúø’
number, A police
¶«í¬ îªC-N-†-¢√úø’ èπÿú≈.

By means of =
man/ A police person
(´’£œ«∞« §ÚMÆˇ Å®·ûË) Ç °æü¿l¥A ´©x, -
Q. The news are wrong.
Åç-ü¿’-´‚-©çí¬
By means of his connections with those in
The news is wrong. 2) È®çúÕçöÀéÀ Ö†o ûËú≈ à ¢Ë’-®Ωèπ◊
school èπ◊ Ö†o ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? high positions he can get anything done =
Ñ È®çúÕçöÀ™ àC éπÈ®èπ◊d?
A. News singular
´·êuçí¬ Øˆ’ Past continu- -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 526 ÅE ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊, 'by' °ü¿l °ü¿l ¢√∞¡xûÓ ûª†-èπ◊†o Ææç•ç-üµ∆-©-´©x Åûªúø’
á°æ¤púø÷ í¬ØË ¢√úøû√ç – DEéÀ ous tense èπ◊, used to èπ◊ con- ¢√úø û√ç. à°æØÁjØ√ îË®·ç--éÓ-í∫-©úø’.
plural a/ an
Öçúøü¿’, DE ´·çü¿’ ®√ü¿’. Åçü¿’- fuse Å´¤-ûª’-Ø√o†’. àçîË-ߪ÷™ a) He is taller than her by 5 cms -
Somehow = áçü¿’-éπØÓ Some how I am not
éπE The news is wrong - correct. îÁ°æpçúÕ. Ç¢Á’ éπçõ‰ Åûªúø’, 5 ÂÆç.O’. §Òúø’í∫’. able to believe him = áçü¿’-éπØÓ ÅûªúÕ-E ؈’
Q. ¢Á÷Ææ-í¬-úÕE Ççí∫xç™ cheater ÅØ√™«? ™‰ü∆ A. Past continuous èπ◊, used to èπ◊ b) The price has been raised by ten †´’t-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’Ø√o.
cheat ÅØ√™«? ÅÆæ©’ Ææç•ç-üµ¿¢Ë’ ™‰†-°æ¤púø’, O’®Ω’ con- rupees = üµ¿®Ω 10 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-©-ü∆é¬ Somehow or the other = ᙫ-íÓ-ä-éπ™«
A. Cheater °æü¿ç English ™ ™‰ü¿’. Cheat = fuse 鬢√-Lq† Å´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’. °çî√®Ω’. Somehow or the other I should find him
1) ¢Á÷Ææç îËߪ’úøç 2) ¢Á÷Ææ-í¬úø’. Past continuous í∫ûªç™ äéπ EKgûª 3) Time N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ äéπ time èπ◊/Åçûª-èπ◊- today, tell him of it = ᙫíÓ äéπ-™«í∫’/ ᙫ-
Q. English™ äéπ °æü¿ç noun †’ç*, verb †’ç*, Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ ï®Ω’-í∫’ûª÷ Ö†o °æEE ûÁ©’- ´·çüË . ÈíjØ√ ÅûªúÕE -Ñ®Ó-V °æô’d-èπ◊E, ÅûªúÕéÀ Ñ
adjective †’ç* adverb í¬ Öçö«®·. ÉN °æ¤-ûª’çC. Used to 1st RDW á°æ¤púø÷ M.SURESAN eg: a) He will be here by 6 O' clock N≠æߪ’ç îÁ§ƒpL.
Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-®Ωçí¬ Ö†o °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo Ææ÷*ç-îª- í∫ûªç™ ¢√úø’-éπí¬ ïJÍí °æEE í∫’Jç* îÁ•’-ûª’çC. = Åûªúø’ Ç®Ω’ í∫çô-©-éπ™«x (6 í∫çô-©èπ◊/ Åçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’
As of = äéπ Æ洒ߪ’ç †’ç* v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº¢Á’i, é̆-
í∫-©®Ω’? He was going to school = Åûª-†-°æ¤púø’ school – Ç®Ω’ ü∆ô-èπ◊çú≈) ≤ƒÍí – As of today, tea will no more be
A. Å™« ûÁ© ’-Ææ ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Oxford Advanced served free to employees = Ñ ®ÓV †’ç*
èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√oúø’. (Past™ äéπ EKgûª Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™). b) By then the damage was done - Å°æp-öÀÍé †≠ædç
Dictionary of Current English, Å™«çöÀ Éûª®Ω He used to go to school = Åûªúø’ schoolèπ◊ ¢Á∞Ïx- ïJ-T-§Ú-®·çC. Æœ•sç-CéÀ tea Ö*-ûªçí¬ É´y-•-úøü¿’.
standard dictionaries ¶«í¬ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø-û√®·.
Even as = äéπöÀ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’ç-úø-í¬ØË
¢√úø’, v°æA-®ÓW/ v°æA-¢√®Ωç/ v°æA ¨¡E-¢√®Ωç, etc.
Though = Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéà Even as I was telling him not to smoke, he
Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  ᙫ ®√ߪ ÷™ Q. Past continuous tense†’ àßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™ x Ö°æ- Though it was difficult, he was willing to do
lit a cigarette = smoke
it = ÅC éπ≠dç
ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ. æ Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, Åûªúø’ ü∆Eo îËßÁ·-ü¿lE îÁ•’-ûª’ç-úø-í¬ØË
cigarette
ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ó N´JÆæ÷h éÌEo Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-L-´y-í∫-©®Ω’.

Ææ´·vü¿ç ¢Á·ûªhç ÉçTx≠ˇ ņ’-èπ◊çõ‰, Åçü¿’™ A. was + ...ing/ were + .... ing = ÉC verb form îË ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ä°æ¤p-è π◊-Ø√oúø’. / îÁ•’ûª÷ØË ÖØ√o†’, Åûªúø’

Suppose = if = Å®·ûË/ Ç °æéπ~ç™.
´·öÀdç-î√úø’.
éπFÆæç FöÀ Gçü¿’´¤ Åçûª-èπÿú≈ Ø√èπ◊ ®√ü¿’. in the past continuous.
If English were an ocean, my knowledge
Even then = Å°æp-öÀéÃ/ Å®·Ø√ / Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ
I was walking down the street when it start- Suppose you win a crore rupees in a lottery
wouldn't be even be a drop in it. I gave him all that he wanted. Even then he
ed raining = road what will you do? †’´¤y ™«ô-K™ éÓöÀ ®Ω÷§ƒ-
´®Ω{ç ´Ææ’h-†o-°æ¤púø’ ؈’ °j was not satisfied =


Åûª-úø’ 鬢√-©-†o-ü¿™«x
´’†èπ◊ °æJ-Æœn-ûª’©’ ņ’-í∫’-ùçí¬ Öçúø´¤. ´’†¢Ë’ (Road
¢Á∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o†’. °j ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’†o Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ ´®Ω{ç ߪ’©’ ÈíL-î√-´-†’éÓ/ ÈíLÊÆh, †’¢Ëyç îË≤ƒh´¤?
°æJ-Æœn-ûª’-©èπ◊ ņ’-í∫’-ùçí¬ Öçú≈L/ ´÷®√L. É™«çöÀ îÓôx suppose •ü¿’©’ if ¢√úø-´îª’a. Éî√a†’, Å®·-†°æpöà Åûªúø’ ûª%°œh-°æ-úø-™‰ü¿’.

Even Since - Ñ ´÷ô-™‰ü¿’, ÅCEver since =
°æúø’ûª÷ ÖçC).
Not always do circumstances favour us. I used to go to movies often those days =
Regard = 1) íı®Ω´ç - Have/ Show. great/
We should change according to circum- some/ little regard for somebody = á´-J°j
Å°æp-öÀ-†’ç*
Ç ®ÓV™x ؈’ ûª®Ωîª÷ Æœ-E´÷©èπ◊ ¢Á∞Ïx¢√úÕE. Ever since he came here, he has been trou-
stance. (Repeated action in the past). †®·Ø√ íÌ°æp/ éÌClí¬/ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ (little) bling every one =


Åûª-úÕ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ´*a-†-°æpöÀ †’ç*
Q.
Ø√èπ◊ ´*a† éπ©™ O’®Ω’ àüÓ Ææ´’-ÆæuûÓ Øˆ’ ¢Á∞«xL. Ééπ ؈’ Öçö«†’. ÅE ÂÆ©´¤ BÆæ’- íı®Ω´ç îª÷°æúøç.
2) My regards to so and so = °∂晫-Ø√-¢√-JéÀ Ø√
v°æA-¢√-∞¡x†’ É•sçC °úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’.
¶«üµ¿-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o-®Ωô. èπ◊-ØË-ô-°æ¤púø’ I must be going. Bye Bye Åçô’-
For all = Åçü¿-JéÃ, ÅEoç-öÀéà – DEÍéç v°æûËuéπ
I dreamt that some problem was troubling Ø√o®Ω’. I must go ņ-´î√a? ™‰ü∆ I must go èπ◊, ÅGµ-¢√-ü∆©’. (´’†ç Öûªh-®√™x 'ÅúÕ-í¬-†E—
you/ My dream showed you having some
Å®Ωnç-™‰ü¿’. once for all/ once and
I must be going èπ◊ Ö†o ûËú≈†’ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’çúÕ.
îÁ°æpçúÕ á™«íÓ -Ç -N-üµ¿çí¬).
for all = *´-J-≤ƒ-Jí¬ Let's settle it once for
problem. 3) äéπ Nüµ¿çí¬ °æJ-í∫-ùÀç-îªúøç – I regard (con-
A. I must go ÅØÌa. é¬F I must be going ÅØËC all = DE N≠æߪ’ç àN’ö *´-Jí¬ ûË™‰aü∆lç.
Q. Please give me good advise to learn English sider) Sachin is the greatest batsman in
áèπ◊\´ ¢√úø’-éπ™ ÖçC.
Out of = äéπ-ü∆-ØÓxç* /™
in easy ways. the world = Ææ*-Ø˛†’ v°æ°æç-îªç-™ØË ÅA-íÌ°æp
Q. Improbable condition èπ◊,Impossible condi- Out of the 30 students in the class, 20
batsman
A. The best way to learn English is to start tion èπ◊ Ö†o ûËú≈ àN’öÀ?
í¬ °æJ-í∫-ùÀ-≤ƒh†’. Å®·ûË í∫’®Ω’hç-- passed = class 30™E Nü∆u-®Ω’n™x 20 ´’çC
speaking it immediately, and read as much
éÓçúÕ. pass
A. Improbable condition Åçõ‰ ÉC ïJÍí Å´-鬨¡ç Åߪ÷u®Ω’.
English as you can. Read the English news- Regard ûª®√yûª as ´Ææ’hçC, consider ûª®√yûª
™‰ü¿’. ï®Ω-í∫úøç Åçô÷ Å®·ûË ü∆E °∂æLûªç É™« as Q. éÀçC-¢√-öÀéÀ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√n©’ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’.
paper regularly.
®√ü¿’.
Öçô’çC ÅE. In this/ that regard = Ñ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™/ Ç N≠æ-
That man seems tired.
G. Srinivas Rao, Email. Impossible condition Åçõ‰
As regards/ In regard to/ with regard
Å≤ƒ-üµ¿u-´’E. ߪ’ç™ Åûªúø’ Å©-Æ œ-§Ú-®·-†ô’x éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’/
Q. I will not let him see the movie.
´·êuçí¬ í∫ûªç™ ïJ-T-†-ü∆Eo, ï®Ω-í∫-éπ-§Ú-ߪ·çõ‰, to something/ somebody = ü∆E/ ¢√∞¡x Å©-Æœ-§Ú-®·-†-ô’x-Ø√oúø’

He seems to be happy.
ï®Ω-í∫-EC, ïJ-í∫’çõ‰ ᙫ ÖçúËC ÅE Ü£œ«ç--èπ◊ØË
As well as I will not take him to the movie.
N≠æ-ߪ÷-E-éÌÊÆh.
In/ with regard to naxalism ... =
°æJ-ÆœnA.
Ñ ¢√é¬u™x him ûª®Ω’-¢√ûª to áçü¿’èπ◊ ¢√-úø Q. Adjectives, Adverbs èπ◊ îÁçC† comparative N≠æ-ߪ÷-E-éÌÊÆh...
†éπq-Lïç Åûª†’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ Ö†o-ô’x-Ø√oúø’/ Ö†oô’x
forms †’ than v°æßÁ÷í∫ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ àßË’ Ææçü¿-
éπE-°œ-≤ƒhúø’.


èπÿ-úøüÓ îÁ°æp-í∫-©®Ω’.
Tend = 1) üµÓ®ΩùÀ îª÷°æúøç/ äéπ Nüµ¿çí¬ îËÊÆ
My fear is that he will fail.
A. 'I will not let him see the movie' is correct. ®√s¥™x Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ω’?
'Let' in sentences like the above is never fol- A. ´·êuçí¬ È®çúÕç-öÀE/ Éü¿l-JE ´÷vûª¢Ë’ §ÚLa-†-
ûªûªyç éπLT Öçúøôç. Åûªúø’ fail Å´¤-û√-úË-¢Á÷-†E Ø√ ÆæçüË£æ«ç/ ¶µºßª’ç.
We tend to postpone things = ´’†ç á°æ¤púø÷
lowed by the infinitive. °æ¤púø’, éÀçü¿ ûÁL-°œ† °æJ-Æœn-ûª’™x than ®√ü¿’.
He got the house repaired.
¢√®·-ü∆-¢ËÊÆ ûªûªyç éπLT Öçö«ç/ üµÓ®ΩùÀ éπ†-
eg: 1) He is the taller of the two. °æ-®Ω’≤ƒhç. He tends to show off sometimes = .
É©’x ´’®Ω-´’tûª’h îË®·ç-î√úø’
T. Satyanarayana, Vempadu.
(¢√Rx-ü¿l®Óx Åûª-ØÁ-èπ◊\´ §Òúø’í∫’.) éÌEo-≤ƒ®Ω’x Åûªúø’ áa-©èπ◊ §ÚßË’ üµÓ®ΩùÀ
He found him sleeping.
Q. éÀçC-¢√-öÀE ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’.
2) She is among the better dancers here îª÷°œ-≤ƒhúø’. Åûªúø’ Evü¿-§Ú-ûª’-†o-°æ¤púø’/ §Úûª’ç-úøôç îª÷¨»úø’.

O’®Ω’ ´*a áçûª-ÊÆ-°æ-®·uçC? vÊ°´÷-Gµ-´÷-Ø√©’, ÅÊ°éπ~ éπLT Öçúøôç Mothers
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm