BORED PILE SPECIFICATION

BORED PILE
1.

STANDARDS
The whole of the work and material shall be in accordance with the appropriate
current Malaysian or British Standard. In the case where the requirements of the
Malaysian/British Standard are in conflict with this specification, then this
specification shall take precedence.

2.

DESIGN
STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF BORED PILE
The reinforcement unit for the bored pile is normally made up of reinforcement
steel bar. Design must be made to check the structural capacity of the pile with
relevant factor of safety as specified in B.S. 4449 or CP 114. The bored pile shall
be designed such that the entire working load is resisted by the steel
reinforcement with a minimum factor of safety of 2.0 with respect to yield stress
of steel.
Unless otherwise specified, the minimum safety factor of two (2) shall be used in
designing the bond between the cement grout and the reinforcement unit.
BOND LENGTH FOR THE BORED PILE
Unless otherwise specified, the following factor of safety shall be used in
designing the bond length of bored pile:Safety factor
I)

in sand and gravel

ii)

in clay

iii)

in rock or decomposed rock

The specialist contractor shall be responsible for designing the bond length for the
bored pile in accordance with the soil strata and the required load of the bored
pile. The specialist sub-contractor is required to provide a design submission
certified by a Professional Engineer, registered with the Board of Engineers,
Malaysian giving a rational supporting the founding depth of each bored pile.

Borelogs and soil data may be carried out by the Contractor before construction
work begins to ascertain for himself the nature of the subsurface condition. The
Contractor has to ascertain for himself the accuracy and relevance of the soil data
or depths of bored piles assumed with respect to the work.
BORED PILE
CORROSION PROTECTION
Corrosion resisting materials shall be used where there is any possibility of
sulphate attack or aggressive chemical attack from the ground.
For the zone where bored pile is subjected to atmosghere conditions or where
ground water level fluctuates, the reinforcement unit of the bored pile in this zone
shall be protected by a layer of approved grease. The grease to be used shall be
made up of Denso Tape or any other equivalent materials. Normally it is
sufficient to extend 3m below the cut off of the pile for corrosion protection.
3

INSTALLATION OF BORED PILE

EQUIPMENT
Drilling equipment shall be suitable for the strata encountered and to install the
bored pile to the correct depth.
DRILLING FLUID
Where borehole is susceptible to collapse, drilling fluid used can be in the form of
water, bentonite solution or cement/bentonite with suitable admixtures.
When bentonite is used, bentonite shall comply with Specification No. DF CP 4
of the Pil Companies Materials Association, London (Drilling Fluid MaterialsBentonite).
Bentonite or bentonite/cement shall be mixed thoroughly with clean fresh water to
make the suspension which will maintain stability of the drilled hold including
placing of the reinforcement unit and grouting at the subsequent stage.
GROUTING
The grouting shall be carried out in two stage operations. In the first stage,
grouting shall be carried out with a suitable tremie tube or using a API tube (if the
reinforcement unit is made up of API tube) placed so that grout is injected from
the bottom of the hole upwords and the quantity of grout injected shall be
recorded. In the second stage grouting, the grout will be injected by using single

pr double packer and the grout is injected through a one way valve known as
Tube a Manchette or through PVC pipe placed with the reinforcement steel bar.
The quantity of grout injected and the grouting pressure shall be recorded. The
Specialist sub-contractor is to submit a rational for the grouting pressure he
propose to use, so as not to unduly affect/uplift the existing road.
BORED PILE
GROUT
Unless otherwise specified, the grout is of ordinary Portland cement grout. In the
case where there is sulphate attack from the ground, then sulphur resistance grout
shall be used. The water cement ratio of the grout shall be 0.5, unless otherwise
specified.
The mixing of the grout shall be carried out using high speed mixers.
The minimum cube crushing strength for a 50mm x 50mm cube shall be:7 days after mixing :
28 days after mixing :

18 N/mm2
26 N/mm2

TRANSPORTING GROUT
Grout shall be pumped using high pressure pump.
DRILLING
The proposed method of drilling shall guarantee the absence of vibration near the
existing road and the absence of decompressure of the soils below the existing
foundations.
Adequate precaution shall be taken to see that the holes do not collapse. If
necessary, temporary, temporary casing shall be used or drilling with bentonite
slurry or as specified.
CONNECTION BETWEEN PILE REINFORCEMENT ELEMENTS
The pile elements shall be connected on site using couplers. The connection shall
be capable of safety transferring all temporary installation load and tensile design
loads as stated on the pile schedule.
LOAD TESTS

When piles are shown in the appropriate Bill of Quantities to be test loaded in
accordance with CP 2004 issued by the British Standards Institution, load tests
shall be carried out on pile selected by the Engineer. The Contractor shall submit
to the Engineer for approval detailed drawings of the loading apparatus he intends
to use. The apparatus shall be so constructed as to allow the various increments
of load to be placed gradually without any shock loading to the piles. If the
approved method required the use of tension piles, such tension piles shall be of
the same type and size as the permanebt piles and shall be driven in the location
of permanent piles.
BORED PILE
LOAD TESTS (Contd)
Suitable approved apparatus for determining accurately the load on the pile and the
settlement of the pile under each increment of load shall be supplied by the Contractor.
The apparatus shall have a working capacity of threee times the design load on the
Drawings for the pile being tested.
Reference points for measuring pile settlement shall be sufficiently removed from the test
pile to preclude all possibility of disturbance. All pile load settlements shall be measured
by adequate devices, such as deflection gauges and shall be checked by means of an
Engineers level.
The test load shall be twice the design load on the Drawings. The first increment of load
to be applied to the test pile shall be the pile design load. The load on the pile shall be
increased to twice the design load by applying additional loads in three equal increments.
A minimum period of 2 hours shall intervene between the application of each load
increment except that no increment shall be added until a settlement of less than 0.2mm is
observed for a one hour period under the previously applied increment. If there is a
question as to whether the test pile will support the test load, the load increments shall be
reduced by 50 percent with the approval of the Engineer in order that a more closely
controlled failure curve may be plotted. The full test load shall be maintained and the
settlement continously monitered for 48 hours. The load shall then be removed and the
permanent settlement read immediately and 12 hours thereafter in order to record the
final recovery.
The pile may be considered to have failed when the total settlement under load exceeds
25mm or the permanent settlement exceeds 6mm.
After the completion of loading tests, the testing equipment used shall be removed from
the site st the Contractors expense, and the piles, including tension piles, shall be utilised
in the structure if found by the Engineer to be satisfactory for such purpose. If any pile is
found unsatisfactory for utilisation in the structure, it shall be removed is so ordered by
the Engineer, or shall be cut off below the groud line and footings.
Should the pile tested failed to pass the load test as specified, the Contractor shall at his
own cost replace or correct the defective pile to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

The installation of working piles shall not be allowed to commence until all the pile tests
have been successfully completed.
ALTERNATIVE PILES
Tenders must be submitted on the basis of conforming to the Contract Documents
without alteration. Rates shall be entered against the billed items specified, and these
rates projected to the final Tender Sum.