Problems based on chapter 10

10.1

Why do powdered coal and small twigs burn more readily than coal lumps or large
pieces of wood ? why will methylated spirits ignite in a can , whereas kerosene will
not ? Explain why a porous wick enables liquid kerosene to be burnt . Also explain
the burning mechanism of a the wax candle.

10.2

A fuel oil has the following mass analysis:carbon 85% ,hydrogen 12%,oxygen
1,5%,noncombustibles 1,5%. Determine the theoritical mass of air required to burn 1
kg of this fuel
13,96 kg.

10.3

An internal-combustion engine is fuelled with octane (C8 H18) . Determine the

theorytical corret air-fuel ratio by mass and theexhaust gas analysis after combustion.
15.26:1, N2, 72.3%: CO2, 19 .0%: H2O, 8 .7%

10.4

Calculate the theoretical air-fuel ratio for ethyl alcohol( C2H 5 OH) by mass Also
determine the theoretical exhaust gas analysis (by mass) after combustion
9.07:1,N2, 69.4%:CO2, 19% :H2O, 11.6%

10.5

Determine the mass of air required for complete combustion of 1 kg of a fuel

gravimetric analysis of the products of combustion?
13.77 kg, N2 71.8%: CO2, 21.9%, H2O, 6.1%; SO2, 0,.3%

10.6

A fuel has the following gravymetric analsys: 80% carbon. 15% hydrogen, and5%
oxygen.Estimamate the higher calorific value of this fuel taking the calorific value of
hydrogen to be 144 MJ/kg and carbon 33.7 MJ/kg.Assume that all the oxygen in the
fuel has already coined with some forsome of the hydrogen to form water.
Also , determine the mas of air required f0r complete combustion of 1kg of the fuel
47.66 MJ/kg , 14.3 kg

10.7

Ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) is burnt with 50% excess air

(a) Determine the gravimetric exhaust gas analysis.
(b) if an orsat analysiss were made of the exhaust gas , what would be the result?
(a) N2, 71.7%; O2, 7.1%; CO2, 13.1%; H2O, 8%, (b) N2, 83.1%; O2, 7.2%;
O2, 7.2%; CO2, 9.7% .

10.8

The analysis of a coal used in a power station is 83% carbon, 4% hydrogen, 5.6%
oxygen , the remainder being noncumbustibles.
(a) Estimate the calorific value of this coal assuming all the oxygen exist as moisture
(b) Determinate the stoichiometric air fuel ratio.
(c) Determinate the overall effeciency of the power station, which uses 0.4 kg of the
coal per kWh of power produced.
Take the calorific value of carbon = 33.7 MJ/kg and hydrogen 114 MJ/kg.
(a) 32.7 MJ/kg, (b) 10.77 : !, (c) 27.5%

10.9

A gaseous fuel has folowing composition by volume ; CH4, 20%; CO, 18%; H2, 44%
; N2, 9%; CO2, 5%; O2, 4%. Calculate :
(a) Stoichiometric air-fuel ratio by volume.
(b) Percentage volumeneric analysis of the exhaust gas after combustion.
(c) A value for R for the dry exhaust gas.
(a) 3.91 : 1, (b) CO2 11.1%; N2 67.3%;H2O 21.6%, (c) 266 J/kgK.

10.10 Gravimetric analysis of a fuel shows that is composed of 86.5 % carbon, 13%
hydrogen and 0.5% shulpur. If the fuel is burnt under stoichiometric conditions,
determine;
(a) Air Fuel ratio
(b) percentage gravimetric exhaust gas analysis
(c) percentage volumetric exhaust gas analysis
(d) Energy Lost per kg of exhaust gas flow if the exhaust gases have a temperature of
450
Assume NTP conditions , = 1.4,
(a) 14.57:1, (b) CO2, 20.37%; H2O, 7.51%; SO2, 0.06%; N2,72.06%, (c) CO2,
13.4%; H2O, 12.07%; SO2, 0.03%; N2, 74.49%, (d) 414 kJ.
10.11 A fuel of chemical formula CH4O is burnt with 100% excess air. Calculate the
percentage exhaust gas analysis on a:
(a) Gravimetric basis
(b) Volumetric basis

(a) CO2, 9.8%; H2O,8%;O2,10.7%;N2,71.5%, (b) CO2, 6.3%;H2O, 12.5%; O2,

9.4%; N2, 71.8%
10.12 The gravimetric analysis of a fuel is: carbon, 86.5%; hydrogen, 13.5%. if the air-fuel
ratio is 16.5:1 , calculate the percentage of excess air. If 5% of the carbon present in
the fuel burns to carbon monoxide, calculate the percentage gravimetric analysis of
the exhaust gas.
12.2%; CO2, 17.2%; CO, 0.6%; H2O, 7.0%; N2, 72.5%; O2, 2.7%

10.13 A brown coal has the following gravimetric analysis when dried : carbon, 66.7%;
hydrogen, 4.7%; sulphur, 0.3%; oxygen, 26.3%; noncumbustibles, 2.0%. Determine:
(a) Stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (gravimetric).
(b) Percentage gravimetric analysis of the product of combustion when the coal is
burnt stoichiometrically
(c) Percentage gravimetric analysis of the product of combustion when the coal is
burnt with 50% excess air.
(d) convert the analysis in part (c) to a volumetric analysis
(e) Calculate the volume of 1 kg of the dry exhaust gases ( in part(c) ) at normal
atmospheric temperature and pressure.
(a) 8.24:1, (b) CO2, 26.53%; H2O, 4.59%; SO2, 0.07%; N2,68.81%, (c) CO2,
18.34%; H2O, 3.17%; SO2, 0.05%; N2, 71.34%; O2, 7.1%, (d) CO2, 12.4%;
H2O; 5.23%; SO2, 0.03%; N2, 75.75%; O2, 6.6%, (e) 0.78 m3 .

10.14 Volumetric analysis of a fuel shows that it is composed of: H2, 30%; CO,22%; N2,
36% CO2, 8%; O2, 4%. Determine :
(a) Stoichiometric air-fuel ratio by volume.
(b) Stoichiometric percentage volumetric dry exhaust gas analysis.
(c) Percentage volumetric dry exhaust gas analysis if the fuel burnt with 50% excess
air
(d) Convert the percentage volumetric analysis in part (c) to a gravimetric analysis .
(a) 1.047:1, (b) CO2, 20.17%; N2, 79.83%, (c) CO2, 14.91%,O2, 5.47%, N2
79.62%, (d) CO2, 21.44%; O2, 5.71%; N2. 72.85%.

10.15 A fuel consisting of carbon , hydrogen and sulphur is burnt in the presence of air and
produces 100 kg per h of exhaust gas with the following gravimetric analyisis:
CO2, 23.4%; N2, 71.4%; H2O, 4.4%; SO2, 0.8%. Calculate :
(a) Gravimetric analysis of the fuel
(b) Mass of fuel burnt per h.
(a) C, 87.76%; H2, 6.74%; S, 5.5%. (b) 7.27 kg/h

10.16 An internal combustion engine is fuelled with heptane ( C2H16 ). Calculate :

(a)

Stoichiometric air-fuel ratio

(b)
Percentage gravimetric exhaust gas analysis when the fuel is burnt
stoichiometrically
(c)

Percentage gravimetric exhaust gas analysis when the air-fuel ratio is 16:1

(d)

Percentage gravimetric exhaust gas analysis when the air-fuel ratio is 14:1
(a) 15.3:1, (b) CO2, 18.9%; H2O, 8.8%; N2, 72.3%, (c) CO2, 18.1%; H2O,
8.5%; N2, 72.5%; O2, 0.9%, (d) CO2, 15.0%; CO, 3.5%; H2O, 9.6%; N2, 71.9%

10.17 If the air-fuel ratio the engine in problem 10.16 is adjusted so as to give 20% excess
air , calculate the percentage volumetric exhaust gas analysis.
CO2, 10.3% ; H2O, 11.9%; N2, 74.6%; O2, 3.2%