Exam 1 Study Guide

Below is a list of the learning objectives for the first 5 chapters of material that we have
covered in our Anatomy class. This list describes the TYPE of information that you are required
to know; it is not a list of specific facts. However, use this list to help you organize your study
materials and focus on the appropriate information.
Exam 1 will be composed of multiple choice, fill in the blank, short answer, and short
essay questions. You will need to bring a full-page, purple Scantron with you to take this
exam. These Scantrons are sold in the Science & Math Lab on the first floor.
You will have 1 hour and 20 minutes to complete this exam.

Chapter 1

Define the characteristics of human life processes and be able to identify examples of each.

Describe the general function of each organ system in the human body.

Distinguish between a symptom and a sign of a disease.

Distinguish between a local and systemic disease.

Describe the main uses of the medical imaging procedures discussed in class.

Chapter 2

Use the terms intracellular and extracellular to determine the location of a substance or
fluid.

Describe the difference between active and passive transport.

Describe the specific methods of active and passive transport discussed in class, and be able to
identify examples of each type of transport. Transport methods are listed below.
o

Diffusion

Osmosis

Facilitated diffusion

Active transport

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Exocytosis

Phagocytosis

Describe the structure and function of each of the organelles.

Describe how the size and shapes of cells impacts their function.

Chapter 3

Name the 4 basic types of tissues that make up the human body, and give the general
characteristics of each.

Describe the structure, location, and function of the five types of cellular junctions.

Identify specific epithelial tissue types from an image using their morphology (appearance).

List the function of each specific epithelial tissue type.

List the locations of each specific epithelial tissue type.

List the function of each specific connective tissue type.

List the locations of each specific connective tissue type.

Describe the differences in the structure and location of mucous membranes and serous
membranes.

Describe the differences in the function of mucous membranes and serous membranes.

Compare and contrast the appearance and function of the three types of muscle tissue.

Explain the difference in function and abundance of the two types of nervous tissue cells.

Chapter 5

Name the five layers of cells found in the epidermis, and describe the general characteristics of
each layer.

Explain the function of each of the cell types found in the epidermis.

Explain the anatomical basis for differences in skin color.

Compare the epidermis to the dermis (i.e. what structures are present or absent in each? What
is the function of these structures)

Compare the papillary layer of the dermis to the reticular layer of the dermis (i.e. what
structures are present or absent in each? What is the function of these structures)

Describe the structure of hair.

Explain the growth pattern of hair.

Compare and contrast the glands of the skin (their location, their secretions, and their general
functions).

Explain the function of nails, and be familiar with important nail structures.

Explain the differences between a 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree burn, as well as the effects of sunburns
on the body.

Chapter 6

Describe the 6 main functions of the skeletal system.

Describe the parts of a long bone.

Describe the cellular and extracellular components of bone tissue.

Compare the structure and function of compact and spongy bone.

Describe the blood supply and nerve supply to the bones.

Contrast endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification.

Explain the process of bone remodeling, including the specific cell types that take part in this
process.

List the roles of vitamins, minerals, and hormones in the bone remodeling process.

Explain the effect of exercise on bone tissue.

Describe the effect of osteoporosis on aging bone.