Lesson 1

Question 1: Describe the following potential dangers in the power station.

1) Energy: It is the ability to do work which cannot be created or destroyed but only converted from one
form to another. The danger of energy is if it is not controlled it can destroy.
2) Electricity: It cannot be seen, thus live apparatus is indistinguishable from a dead one, flashovers,
shock, arcing.
3) Dangerous movement:

Possible to fall to a lower level

One can be struck by a falling object.
One can come into contact with moving machinery.

4) Pressure and Heat:

Uncontrolled pressure rises may increase above material strength and cause explosions
Gases, which may be dangerous are released to atmosphere
Steam maybe released & causes series injuries
Fluid under pressure & high temp, when released to the atmosphere will flash over to a gaseous
state.

5) Gases and confined spaces: Explosions can occur where:

Pulverized fuel is in suspension in the air in a certain proportion.

A concentration of flammable gases or vapours are present e.g. H, LP Gas, Acetylene, petrol
etc.
It is fatal to breath in an atmosphere where no O is present in the air.
Confined spaces serve as traps in which gasses accumulate.

6) The Human element:

Breakdown in communication
Dont care attitude towards the work.
Work on plant for which a PTW is not issued.

Question 2:State the purpose of the Plant Safety Regulations.

To specify& provide requirements for the application of compulsory health & safety standards &
procedures for the safeguarding of plant & protection of all persons who work on plant and machinery
under the control of Eskom Generation Division.
Question 3: To whom will a copy of these regulations be issued?
All authorized persons & other persons as decided by the employer.
Question 4: List the duties of every authorized person issued with a copy of these regulations.

Must sign for it and maintain it properly

Will be held responsible for the knowledge of & compliance with the regulations here in.
Must update it, in case of Amendments/Exemptions/waivers
Shall return it to the proper official when called up to do so, or leaving Eskom service.
Contractors & their employers shall return their copy on completion of the construction work.

Question 5: Explain how the regulations must be interpreted?

As the minimum requirements for the safety of personnel.
Question 6: Describe the consequences should there be a contravention of any of these regulations.
The MD will appoint staff to lance a full enquiry
Question 7:Explain the duties of the employer and the employee in terms of the OHS Act.
Employer:
1) Ensure that the requirements of the act & the Regulations are met
2) Enforce discipline in the work place
3) Educate all the employees towards dangers in the work place and precautions to be taken.
Employee:
1)
2)
3)
4)

Adhere to the Act & the Regulations

Obey any lawful order
Report any dangers that come to his attention
Make use of safety equipment.

Question 8: At which point of construction does new plant come under the control of the plant safety
regulations?
When a safety clearance certificate is issued.
Question 9: Describe the term employee
A Person employed by Eskom
Question 10: Describe the term employer
A person appointed in writing by Eskom as the delegated employer in terms of the provisions of the act
Question 11: Explain the action that you would take if there is doubt concerning the procedure to be
adopted with respect to the application of the plant safety regulations?
The Regulations must be studied in an attempt to establish the correct procedure if the Regulations do
not provide the necessary clarity, the problem must be reported to the local member of the PSR
committee who will bring the matter to the attention of the committee.
Question 12: If there is conflict between the PSR and the OHS Act and its regulations, which regulation
shall prevail?
The OHS Act & its Regulations.
Question 13: State how the training manual and local procedures and instruction shall be regarded
Shall be regarded as an extension of these regulations

Lesson 2
Question 1: List the criteria to be met before any person can be authorized in terms of the plant safety
regulations.
1) Must be skilled to perform a risk assessment
2) Satisfy the examining committee that his technical knowledge is adequate to perform specific
duties on specific plant
3) Their knowledge of these Regulations is sufficient to justify such an appointment.
4) The attitude of the candidate must be taken into consideration.
Question 2: Describe the term skilled person
A person who has been trained & declared competent in writing.
Question 3: Describe the term examining committee
A committee convened for the purpose of examining employees & non-employees to determine whether
their knowledge is adequate to justify authorization in terms of these regulations.
Question 4: Describe the following terms.
Appointed Person: An employee or non-employee who has been authorized in terms of these
Regulations to be responsible for ensuring that the isolation & de-isolation on the plant covered by
the PTW is effectively carried out taking health & safety precautions into account & within the terms of
these Regulations.
Responsible Person: Employee or non-employee who has been authorized in terms of these regulations
to be responsible for ensuring that the work on the plant covered by a PTW can be carried out &
executed taking health and safety precautions into account within the terms of these Regulations.
Authorised Supervisor: Employee or non-employee who has been authorised in terms of these
regulations for ensuring that the work covered by a PTW is executed taking health & safety
precautions into account & within the terms of these Regulations.
Question 5: List the information to be detailed on the supervisor, appointed and responsible persons
authorisation certificate.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Have a unique reference number

State the issue & expiry date
Persons full names, designation, Eskom unique number & or ID number
Specify the plant & duties to which it applies.
Bear the signature of the employer

Question 6: Describe the term Supervision or Supervise

Oversee the actions of persons to such an extent as to prevent any dangerous act, as far as reasonably
practicable. Such a supervisor must be trained to understand the dangers/Hazards associated with the
task & who has the authority to ensure that precautionary measure trained are implemented.
Question 7: Describe the term Authorise /authorisation/authority/authorised.
Permission in writing to perform specific duties on specified plant in tem s of these regulations.

Question 8: Describe the term plant

Any structure, machinery, apparatus or equipment which does not fall within the scope of the operating
Regulations for High Voltage Systems & excludes mobile/portable lifting equipment.
Question 9: List the general duties of Supervision.
1) Give suitable & sufficient advice & assistance to the employer & contractors on undertaking the
measures needed for safe execution of the work.
2) Ensure that suitable arrangements are made & implemented for the co-ordination of health & safety
measures during planning & preparation for execution of the work, including facilitating the following:
Co-operation & co-ordination between persons in the execution of the work
Implementation of measures for prevention of incidents
Take all reasonable steps to identify hazards & co-ordinate the work.
Promptly provide the employer & every contractor who has been or may be appointed in the
execution of the work such of the information in his possession as is relevant to each.
3) Prepare, review & update all records & info during work in progress to ensure the health & safety of
any person.
Question 11: Describe the process to report dangerous conditions and incidents.

Report as soon as possible to the immediate supervisor & or health & safety representative & or
construction safety officer, & all employees on site shall be immediately warned of the dangerous
condition by the employee reporting.
The supervisor, health & safety representative, or construction safety officer shall immediately ensure
that all employees who might reasonably be unaware of the danger are notified & the dangerous
conditions shall be immediately reported to the person in charge of the plant who shall record such a
report & steps taken to remove the danger.

Question 12: Under which circumstances will a person in training for authorisation be allowed to perform
isolations.
An appointed person must be in attendance, and this appointed person shall be fully responsible for the
trainee & accountable for the isolation.
Lesson 3
Question 1: Describe the process to protect the security and integrity of a point of isolation.
By immobilizing the point of isolation & the application of at least one safety lock at each point of isolation
by the appointed person & the displaying of a prohibitory sign. In the case of a remote control a further
prohibitory sign must be displayed.
Question 2: Describe the purpose of the key safe?
A key safe provides a place where the key of the safety lock at the point of isolation can be kept in
custody so that neither the operating personnel (appointed person), nor the maintenance personnel
(responsible person) have free access to it.
Question 3: Describe the term key safe.
An approved device for the secure retention of safety lock keys used for isolation purposes associated
with the issue of PTW.

Question 4: Describe the main requirement of each key safe?

Each key safe shall be clearly marked with a unique identifying number.
Question 5: List the requirements of an operating lock.
1) Be different from any other series in use at that site.
2) Be provided with a permanent common identifying feature
3) Is able to be opened with a common key in the possession of appointed persons only.

Question 6: Describe the procedure for the issuing of an operating lock key.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

The issue shall be recorded in a register kept by the employer stating:

The name of the appointed person to whom the key is being issued.
Unique identifying number
Date of issue
The signature of the person receiving the key with his authorisation reference number and the person
issuing the key.

Question 7: Where is the operating lock used in terms of these regulations?

Only on the key safe.
Describe the primary purpose of the operating lock and the safety lock on the key safe.
Operating lock to deny access of maintenance personnel, and the safety lock is to deny access of
operating personnel.
Question 8: Describe the term safety lock.
A lock used for locking isolations & for which only a single unique key is available. This key may open
more than one lock provided that the locks form a defined suite of locks.
Question 9: List the requirements for a safety locks or suite of safety locks and keys.
1)
2)
3)
4)

Be marked with and individual number

Have only one available key permanently marked with the same number
Form part of a series different from any other series in use at that site.
The available key shall be affixed to a key ring in such a manner as to prevent its removal without the
use of tools.
5) No duplicate or master keys must be available for safety locks, except in the case of suite of safety
locks where a master key for a suite of safety locks is permissible.

Question 10: Describe the procedure to use the key safe under the following conditions.
Work to be done on apparatus (Permit to work A)
1) The keys of safety locks used on isolation points must be laced together on key safe No. 1
2) The key safe must be locked with an operating lock & with a safety lock.
3) The key of the safety lock must be issued with PTW A.

Work that includes all or part of the same isolations. (Permit to work B)
1) Apply an additional safety lock to key safe No. 1
2) The key of this safety lock is issued with PTW B.
3) Cross referencing between PTWs A & B.
Work that does not only include3 all or part of the same isolations, but also requires additional isolations.
(Permit to work C)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

Keys of safety locks of additional isolation points are placed on key safe No. 2
An additional safety lock must be applied to key safe No. 1
The keys of this safety lock is also placed on key safe No. 2
Key safe No. 2 is locked with and operating lock & with a safety lock.
The key of this safety lock is issued with PTW C.
Cross referencing between PTWs A, B & C.

Question 11: Describe the procedure to be followed to gain access to the keys on a key safe for any
reason other than a sanction for test or revocation of a PTW.

Permission from relevant head of department head of department /function who must witness the
procedure of gaining access.
This event must be recorded in the appropriate appointed persons log book, & the head of shift.

Question 12: Describe the term work.

All human activities in connection with plant, excluding operating activities & non-dangerous activities
performed on the external parts of plant & which cannot affect the health & safety of workers or the safe
operation of the plant.
Question 13: Describe the term danger/dangerous.
A condition/substance that constitutes a risk which could cause personal injury, impairment of health or
death.
Question 14: Describe the term Live/Alive
Electrically connected to a power source & or electrically charged.
Question 15: Describe the term Isolate/Isolation/Isolated.
To make safe to work on by effectively disconnecting from all possible sources of dangerous energy & or
harmful substances.
Question 16: List the sources to be rendered harmless before any work may be carried out.
1) Electrical potential
(Staticks; induced)
2) Dangerous substances (Chemical; Radiations)
3) Dangerous movement (Potential energy; Kinetic energy)
Question 17: Describe the procedure to be followed for isolations of plant.
All points of isolation shall be immobilized by the application of safety lock if practicable & a prohibitory
sign attached. In cases of remote control a further prohibitory sign must be displayed.

Question 18: Under normal circumstances what number of safety locks shall be applied to a point of
isolation?
One safety lock at each point of isolation.
Question 19: Describe the term prohibitory sign.
A sign in approved form attached to a point of isolation for the duration of a PTW, prohibiting interference
with the isolation to which it is attached.
Question 20: List the places where prohibitory signs must be affixed to.
All points of isolations & remote control stations of plant under PTW.
Question 21: How long must prohibitory signs be displayed?
For the whole duration of the PTW.
Question 22: How must prohibitory signs be attached to the necessary points.
Conspicuously and attached in such a way as to prevent any accidental removal while on display.
Question 23: Describe the term warning sign.
A sign in approved form calling attention to the danger of approach to, or interference with the plant or
equipment to which it is attached.
Question 24: Describe the method to extend a key safe.
The operating lock must be replaced with a safety lock. The key of this safety lock must be placed on the
extended key safe.
Question 25: Describe the term operating activity.

The opening and closing of breakers/isolators and valves/dampers for the control of the plant and to
effect isolations.
To control other activities involved with the process of electricity generation which are done in
accordance with a formulated safe procedures.
Lesson 4.

Question 1: What is the main reason for implementing the permit to work system?
For the sake of safety, due to the danger of the human element & to ensure a written commitment of both
parties when the responsible & appointed person, sign the statements on the various sections of the
PTW.
Question 2: Describe the term permit to work form.
The printed form containing sections entitled application, PTW, suspension, suspension revocation,
clearance & used for the authorisation of all work to be carried out on plant in terms of these regulations.

Question 3: Describe the term application

A request made on the PTW, form signed by a responsible person or person acting on his behalf & given
to an appointed person detailing what plant requires isolation, the work to be done & what date and time
the work is to be carried out. In the case of a computerized PTW, the name on the form represents the
signature of the RP as protected by a password.
Question 4: Describe the term risk assessment.
The process to determine as far as reasonably possible, what the dangers/hazards to the health & safety
of persons attached to any activity or work and plant operation are & the precautions that are to be taken
to mitigate the risks, dangers and hazards. The risk assessment shall be initiated and conducted by the
RP, in concurrence with the AP.
Question 5: Describe the procedure to be followed in the event that the computerised system is
unavailable.
The standard computerised PTW form must be completed manually in duplicate.
Question 6: Describe the process related to the computerised permit to work application, once the
application has been transferred to the relevant appointed person.
The AP, if the application is acceptable will then at the appropriate time carry out the isolation according
to these regulations and utilise the key safe.
Question 7: In the case of an accident what will the value of the permit to work be?
It will serve as evidence for an investigation.
Question 8: Describe the process that is to be followed after the AP has accepted the PTW application.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)

Ensure dangers & Hazards are noted in the application

Safely isolate the correct apparatus using safety locks
Adhere to any local procedure which may be in force
Carry out safety testing.
Ensure apparatus/Plant is tested for any dangerous substances & certified safe to work.
Stipulate any special conditions on the PTW.
Affix prohibitory signs to all points of isolations & all remote control stations.
Record the key safe & safety lock numbers on the PTW form
The AP must sign the PTW form & any original relevant test certificates must be attached to the
original copy of the PTW form.
10) Inform the RP the PTW is ready for issuing.
11) Ensure that the work can proceed without any danger.
Question 9: Before acceptance what are the responsibilities of the responsible person?
Ensure:
1) The application section of the PTW is signed by him.
2) The correct plant has been isolated
3) The work details are correct
4) Stated Isolations have been effected.
5) These isolations are adequate for the prescribed work to be carried out without danger.
Question 10: Before the RP signs acceptance of the permit to work, what must be discussed with the AP.
The risk assessment and verify this discussion by signature.

Question 11: After the RP has signed acceptance of the PTW, what must be done should there be
workers involved?
The original of the PTW form, all relevant documents & the specified key safe, key must be kept in a safe
place which is accessible only to appropriate persons until the work has been computerised.
Question 12: Describe the term workers register.
A current register of workers allocated to do work under a specific PTW, comprising two sections which
must be completed by the RP or the Authorised supervisor.
Question 13: Describe the duties of the responsible person regarding the workers register if he is not
going to carry out the work personally.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Show the PTW to all workers involved in that work.

Explain the nature & location of the work.
Explain any special conditions, requests, dangers and hazards involved.
Enter names, & unique/ID numbers of all the workers in the workers register.
Sign the workers register and specify the time & date.

Question 14: What are the requirements concerning changing responsibilities of the responsible person?
Both the original & the copy of the PTW must be accepted, as well as workers register, risk assessment
and Pre-work checklist must be endorsed with the date & time when the new RP assumes the
responsibilities as the RP.
Question 15: Define the term clearance/clear/cleared.
A declaration on the PTW form, signed & issued by the RP in charge of the work, stating all personnel,
tools, & debris have been withdrawn and that the plant is in a serviceable condition.
Question 16: On completion of the work what are the duties of the responsible person/authorised
supervisor.
Inform all workers involved that it is no longer safe to work on that plant. Al the workers must be
withdrawn form the workplace and this must be confirmed by the RP or AS, by signing the appropriate
section of the workers register.
Question 17: List the responsibilities of the RP before signing the PTW clearance.
1)
2)
3)
4)

That the plant is in a serviceable condition.

That all tools, debris & loose material have been withdrawn from the plant.
Sign the clearance on the original of the PTW.
Specify any endorsement which may be necessary

Question 18: Describe the process that is to be followed should the original PTW not be available.
The head of department must:
1) Confirm that all workers have been withdrawn from the work place.
2) Workers register has been signed.
3) Counter sign the copy of the PTW.
4) The signature on the copy of the PTW authorises the AP to revoke the PTW.

Question 19: Describe the term revocation/revoke/revoked.

A declaration on the PTW form, signed by the PA formally withdrawing the authority to work previously
given on the PTW, & stating the date & time of the withdrawal.
Question 20: Describe the duties of the AP on receipt of a cleared PTW.
Ensures that workers registers, pre-work checklists, and risk assessment & other relevant documents are
attached to the cleared PTW, before he signs the revocation on the original & copy. The isolations &
prohibitory signs must be removed & the plant prepared for service, subject to any endorsements made
by the responsible person, provided no other PTW is still in force on the same plant.
Question 21: Describe the term PTW.
A written declaration on the PTW form, signed by the AP & issued to the RP in charge of the work,
informing that the plant to be work on has been isolated as detailed.
Question 22: When is a PTW required.
Whenever work is to be done on plant.
Question 23: Describe the term clean-hands approach.
Having both hands clean & free to carry out isolations safely.
Question 24: After which action is a PTW deemed to be in force.
After RP has signed acceptance.
Question 25: What must be stated on the PTW application section by the RP or person acting on his
behalf.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

Plant requiring isolation

The scope of work to be carried out in detail, new PTW if the scope of work changes.
The points of isolations
Any special requirements including identified danger & hazards.
The time & date on which the work is to commence.
Risk assessment number must be entered prior to PTW printing.

Question 26: What must be done if the RP is not going to supervise the work personally?
1) An authorised supervisor must be allocated by signing the specific section of the workers register.
2) The scope & location of the work as well as any special conditions, requests dangers & hazards
involved must be explained to the AS.
3) The risk assessment & pre-work check list must be discussed with the AS.
4) This person will be deemed responsible for the safe execution of the work taking helath & safety
precautions into account & within the terms of these conditions.
5) The RP must keep a workers register as per scope of work for each authorised supervisor.
Question 27: Describe the term Current.
A true reflection of all information associated with the document at hand.

Question 28: Describe the following regarding a risk assessments

When: A risk assessment must be conducted before any activity or work carried out.
What: The risk assessment will determine whether the activity or work may be carried out under one of
the following, LAR or PTW.
How: Must be conducted by the RP in concurrence with the AP taking all aspects of the activity/work into
account
Why: To determine what hazards/dangers to the health & safety of persons are attached to any activity or
work & plant operating & the precautions that are to be taken to eliminate or mitigate the risks &
hazards/dangers.
Question 29: Describe the areas that an environmental certificate must cover with regards to compliance.

Thermal
Lighting
Ventilation.
Pollution.

Question 30: Describe the requirements that are to be met by persons who issue gas test/environmental
certificates.

Must be certified by an AIA.

Must use instruments calibrated bi-annually as per relevant SANS.

Question 31: Describe the term pre-work check list.

A form on which dangers & hazards are noted as identified by the risk assessment, and which must
be discussed with all the workers allocated to do work under a specific PTW.
The RP/AS must complete the pre-work check list in conjunction with the workers register.
Lesson 5

Question 1: List the purposes of test running plant.

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Balancing of rotating parts

Proving that the repairs on pressure parts have been successful.
Ensuring that there are no hidden defects which may cause stoppages under operational conditions.
Checking directions of rotation of motors
Changing direction of rotation of motors.

Question 2: Why is it not practical to clear the PTW during the test running of the plant?

The plant is not yet ready for service & therefore all isolations are not yet removed.
Work must proceed once the test is complete.

Question 3: Describe the main condition under which the test/test-running of plant is carried out.
Under uninterrupted supervision of the holder of the PTW.

Question 4: Describe the process that is to be adopted whenever it becomes necessary to test or test-run
plant during the process of work under a PTW.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Applicable workers register must be withdrawn.

All cross-referenced permits must be cleared or suspended
The PTW on the plant to be tested must be suspended.
A Sanction for Test must be issued.
The AP must ensure that it is safe to operate the plant & erect warning signs where necessary.

Question 5: Describe the term suspension.

A mutual agreement on the PTW form between the RP & AP which stipulates that the work detailed in
the PTW has been suspended for the purpose specified on the PTW.
Question 6: What must the RP do before signing the PTW suspension?
1) Inform the workers involved in the work that it is no longer safe to do any further work & testing will be
carried out on that plant.
2) RP must ensure workers withdrawn & register sign.
3) Relinquish the authority to work by: Signing the applicable PTW suspension, enter the reference
number of the specific S.F.T on PTW form.
Question 7: Describe how you would process the suspended PTW form and the issued SFT form before
the test actually starts.
The original of the SFT form is retained by the RP.
The suspended PTW form is affixed to the duplicate of the SFT.
Question 8: Describe the process when a PTW is suspended
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Must be signed by both the appointed and responsible person.

Specify the date & time from which the suspension becomes effective
Only completed once an associated SFT form has been prepared, and ready for signature.
Bear a time & date corresponding to those on the associated SFT form.
Be signed by both the AP & the RP in the spaces provided on completion of the activities specified in
the associated SFT form, before work recommences under the PTW.

Question 9: Describe the term Sanction For Test.

A written agreement on the sanction for test form, signed by the AP & RP in charge of the worker for the
purpose of making known exactly how the tests or activities are to be carried out under uninterrupted
supervision.
Question 10: When must a sanction for test form be issued?
Only be issued at time of suspension of the PTW.
Question 11: Explain what the RP declares when he signs the sanction for test form?
Acceptance of full control & understanding of the implications of the stipulated tests & activities which are
to be performed.

Question 12: List the information that must be stipulated on the SFT form before it is issued.
1) Contain mutually agreed test procedure to be adopted by the RP & AP.
2) Include particulars entered in the appropriate spaces, detailing the communication channel to be
adopted & the signals to be used to indicate, starting, stopping & isolation.
3) The actual isolation to be removed to allow the test or activity which may be required in terms of the
SFT to be carried out must also be specified.
4) Bear the date & time of both issue & cancellation.
Question 13: List the duties of the appointed person before test running will commence.
1)
2)
3)
4)

AP must sign the permit suspension

AP signs the SFT.
AP ensure plant can be test run safely
AP must remove only the isolations required for the test run; this must be done under direct
supervision of the RP.

Question 14: Where must the responsible & appointed persons be during the test running of plant.

RP-Remain at the plant.

AP-Remain at the stop start isolation control points.

Question 15: Describe the process should the responsible person or appointed person be called away
form their respective positions during test running of plant.
1) Energy supply must be isolated
2) Locked with a safety lock in the isolated position
3) The safety lock key will be kept by the responsible person.
Question 16: Name the conditions to be met before adjustments may be carried out on plant under
testing.
Energy supply must be isolated.
Question 17: When may testing of plant continue after interference during test running?

Both the AP & RP have resumed their positions at the plant & stop/start isolation control points
respectively.
The communication channel is re-established.

Question 18: Describe the term suspension revocation.

A written declaration on the PTW form, signed by both the AP & RP stating that the suspension has been
revoked, the isolations as detailed on the PTW re-applied, & that work may be safely resumed.
Question 19: List the duties of the AP & RP regarding the SFT form on completion of the specified test
procedure.
RP: Clear SFT form
AP: Revoke SFT form.

Question 20: After the SFT has be revoked, what are the duties of the AP & RP respectively

AP: Ensure all isolations stated on the PTW are re-applied & inform the RP that the PTW is ready
for re-instatement & the PTW suspension revocation must be signed.
RP: Ensure original isolations stated on the PTW are re-applied.
Sign PTW, Suspension revocation.
Specify the date & time, thereby accepts again authority to work on plant
Where applicable a new workers register, risk assessment, pre-work check list must be
completed by the RP & AS.
Lesson 6

Question 1: List the precautions to be taken before work will be allowed on plant which in not practical to
shut down for such work.
A PTW issued Plant in operation
Question 2: Who may adjust machinery in operation, lubricate such machinery or tighten valve glands.
Must be done by a RP/Skilled person & another RP must remain in attendance for the duration of the
work.
Question 3: When is routine cleaning and lubrication of machinery allowed without PTW.
When it does not necessitates close approach to dangerous moving parts.
Question 4: Describe the term, restricted area.
An enclosed/demarcated area which is neither a live chamber nor a prohibited area & which is
enclosed/demarcated for the purpose of ensuring power system & plant security as well as the safety &
health of personnel.
Question 5: When will an area be regarded as a restricted area?
Where access is prohibited for the purpose of power system protection & security or to protect the health
& safety of persons.
Question 6: Describe the process to gain access to a restricted area
A person must obtain permission for access to a restricted area through an approved system such as the
Limited Access Register.
Question 7: List 3 examples of restricted areas
1) Switch rooms
2) Equipment rooms.
3) Areas where gas & environmental testing must be performed before access is allowed.

Question 8: The keys of a restricted area shall have a label attached to them. What information must be
marked on the label?

The name of the restricted area

Distinguishing number corresponding to the number on the lock to which the door gives access.

Question 9: Where are restricted areas keys to be kept and who is responsible for the safekeeping
thereof.
Must be kept under lock & key in the cabinet provided for that purposes. The key for this cabinet must be
kept in custody of the person on duty responsible for the issue & return of these keys.
Question 10: List five responsibilities of persons authorised to use keys
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Lock or guard the gate/door after entry

Ensure that unauthorized persons do not enter
Withdrawn all persons on leaving.
Lock gate/door on leaving.
Keys must never be left in locks.

Question 11: How shall each door or gate giving access to restricted areas be marked?
Shall be marked with the name of the restricted area, where necessary with a distinguishing number
close to the lock.
Question 12: Who may use master keys and which master keys may be used by them?
Only persons authorised thereto shall use master keys for access to restricted areas at power stations.
Question 13: When issuing restricted areas keys, what details must be recorded in the key book?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Particulars of the key

To whom the key is being issued
The time & date of issues
The signatures of the person receiving & the person issuing the keys
The receipt on return of the key shall also be logged in the key book.

Question 14: Why must doors and gates of restricted areas be closed and locked?
To prevent unauthorized entrance to these dangerous areas.
Question 15: When may doors and gates to restricted areas remain open?
While inspection of isolations or operating is in progress.
Explain the reason why they remain open and which condition must be met?
To facilitate an emergency exit, provided no-unauthorised persons may gain unrestricted access.
Question 16: What must be done when restricted area keys are lost?
Loss of keys shall immediately be reported to the relevant head of department.

Question 17: What are the responsibilities of persons entering restricted areas?
They must lock the doors/gates after entering
They must control access if an entrance is kept open.
Ensure that unauthorised persons do not enter.
Question 18: What must be done when leaving a restricted area?
The person to whom the key have been issued will see that all persons have withdrawn from the
restricted area & that the doors/gates are securely closed & locked.
Question 19: Describe the term limited access register.
An access control system used by the person in charge of the plant to give persons permission to enter a
restricted area or to carry out an activity on the plant.
Question 20: List the circumstances when a LAR will be required.
For access into & activities to be carried out in restricted areas where the use of a permit to work is not
required or to carry out an activity on the plant.
Question 21: Explain in detail the reason for the use of the limited access register.
Must be used by the person in charge of the plant to maintain control over access & activities performed
on the plant which does not fall under the scope of work.
Question 22: What criteria must be met to allow the use of the limited access register?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

There must be no danger involved to the person carrying out the activity.
No plant isolations must be required.
The activity must be performed by a skilled person.
There must be no risk of production loss
The duration of the activity must be less than 12 hours.

Question 23: What must be done on completion of any activity under LAR?
Notify the person in charge of the plant that conditions are back to normal & that the LAR has been
signed off.
Question 24: What must be done when it becomes apparent that the LAR activity can no longer be
performed with safety to personnel and plant?
The activity must be stopped, the LAR must be cancelled & a PTW must be applied for.
Question 25: Where must the LAR be kept.
In every control room desk.
Question 26: Who is the person in charge of the plant?
Person delegated in writing to be in charge of the operation of the plant.

Lesson 7

Question1: What are the prerequisites before an outage can be a declared outage?
After the PSM/Project Manager or his authorised delegate has issued a document to this effect, thereby
transferring management of the designated Manager. The declaration will also define the extent of the
plant covered & its duration.
Question 2: Describe the term outage permit to work.
PTW issued by a Seconded AP to a Seconded RP to safeguard those working on the plant involved in
the declared outage.
Question 3: Describe the term outages
Predetermined repair/overhaul/maintenance Endeavours undertaken during the power station life cycle
to ensure that the power station units have the capability to produce electricity as per the production
plans.
Question 4: Describe the term Outage manager/project manager.
The person appointed in writing by the PSM to be responsible for the completion of the project.
Question 5: List the general requirements before work at power stations will be permitted in terms of
these outage regulations.
1) A designated manager has been appointed.
2) A document has been issued by the PSM/Project Manager or his authorised delegate defining the
procedures to be followed to ensure the health & safety of personnel during the declared outage
work. This document must also stipulate the date & time that the outage commences.
3) Each site has an approved local procedure in place describing the complete outage permits to work
process & safety precautions.
4) It is possible to interrupt at a pre-planned time & for a pre-planned period on any working day of the
declared outage during which an outage permits to work is in force, all the work being done on the
plant covered by that outage PTW.
5) Specific AP has been seconded to the designated outage manager for the duration of the declared
outage.
6) Specific RPs have been seconded to the designated outage manager for the duration of the declared
outage.
7) The appointment of both the seconded APs & RPs must be in writing.
Question 6: Who is responsible for all isolations, de-isolations or test running of plant during a declared
outage?
The seconded AP designated to the outage manager. If a change in isolations during the absence of the
seconded AP is essential it may be carried out by another seconded AP.
Question 7: List the responsibilities or the RPs during a declared outage.
1) Ensuring that the cautionary notice register is signed & those instructions are implemented.
2) Ensuring that the work is carried out & executed taking health & safety precautions into account &
within the terms of these regulations.
3) Taking note of the outage PTW & changes thereto.
4) Informing the workers of these changes.
5) Keeping a current workers register, Risk assessment & pre-work check list.

Question 8: What is the purpose of the outage permit to work system?

To minimise congestion during a declared outage.
Question 9: Who will issue an outage permit to work and to whom will it be issued.
Issued by a seconded AP to a seconded RP
Question 10: List the information to be given in the outage permit to work.
Details of all points of isolation.
Question 11: What must be done with the original of an outage PTW for the period of its validity?
It must be stored in a locked outage PTW BOX.
Question 12: What must be done when changes in isolations become necessary, during a declared
outage?
1)
2)
3)
4)

Original outage PTW must be cleared & revoked & a new outage PTW issued.
The seconded RP must then sign acceptance of the new outage PTW.
All RPs must acquaint themselves with the new outage PTW & the cautionary notices.
RPs ensure that the authorised supervisors are issued with the new copy of the outage PTW, the
cautionary notice with risk assessments & pre-work check lists must be evaluated for relevance.

Question 13: When must changes to an outage permit to work is carried out?
At a pre-planned time of any day.
Question 14: What are the responsibilities of the designated outage manger concerning the time of
changes in outage permit to work.
Must ensure that all responsible persons & authorised supervisors are aware of this time & its duration.
Question 15: When may the status of plant included in an outage PTW be changed?
At a pre-planned time of any day.
Question 16: How will running be done on plant which is under an outage PTW?
1) The outage PTW must be cleared & revoked.
2) A new outage PTW issued excluding the plant that needs to be tested.
3) Plant being tested to be on a separate PTW & Normal SFT Procedure to be followed.
Question 17: What is the purpose of the cautionary notice?
To keep the responsible persons informed of any changes in the outage permit to work.
Question 18: What evidence will be available that the RP has received the cautionary notice?
The RP must sign a register.
Question 19: What is the responsibility of the RP regarding the cautionary notice?
Must ensure that the instructions in the cautionary notice are implemented.

Question 20: With regard to the declared outages which other regulation and procedure must be referred
to?
The construction regulation as per OHS Act & the corporate procedure regarding construction safety
health & environmental management.
Question 21: If the RP has delegated supervision to one or more authorised supervisors what extra duties
will the RP have?
1) Maintaining a workers register of the authorised supervisors on the outage.
2) Issuing the authorised supervisors with a copy of the outage PTW & cautionary notice.
Lesson 8
Question 1: What is the responsibility of the employer regarding the use of listed electronic products?
The employer shall comply with all the requirements of the relevant Eskom Standard EST32-226,
Requirements & Rules for radiation protection & the safety of radiation sources.
Question 2: Describe the term listed electronic product.
Any electronic product listed in Government Regulation R-1302 relating to the hazardous substances Act,
1973(Act no 15 of 1973) that emits ionizing electromagnetic particulate radiation or any sonic, infrasonic
or ultra-sonic wave.
Question 3: Describe the term Radiation Protection Officer.
A person who has been appointed in writing to execute the administrative obligations in respect of
industrial gauges & soil moisture & density gauges containing radio sources & listed electronic product at
a certain site.
Question 4: Describe the term radioactive source
Anything that may cause radiations exposure by emitting ionizing radiation or releasing radioactive
substances or materials.
Question 5: Who is responsible for the Appointment of the Radiation Protection Officer?
The Employer.
Question 6: Who must ensure that all radioactive sources are isolated before a PTW is issued?
The Radiation Protection Officer & or Radiation Protection Controller.
Question 7: Who must ensure that radioactive sources are only de-isolated after work has been
completed?
The Radiation Protection Officer & or Radiation Protection Controller.
Question 8: What must be done to prevent accidental entry into containers or plant where radioactive
sources and/or listed electronic products are used as measuring equipment?
Ensure that all access into are shut & locked.

Question 9: What must be adhered to when industrial radiography is to be performed?

The Radiation Protection Officer must ensure that only persons registered with the Directorate Radiation
Control, Department of Health are allowed to use radioactive sources & or listed electronic products for
industrial radiography.
Question 10: Describe the term radiation-hazard warning sign.
A sign in approved form calling attention to the danger of radiation on, or the area of the plant to which it
is attached.
Question 11: Where must approved radiation hazard warning signs be permanently affixed?
All equipment or areas containing radioactive sources.
Question 12: By whom and under whose supervision may radioactive sources be removed from their
containers.

By authorised employees of the supplier, or employees trained & authorised to do so by the supplier.
All such work must b conducted under supervision of the radiation protection officer & or radiation
protection controller.

Question 13: Who may handle, isolate, de-isolate or work on any radioactive source or listed electronic
product?
Only persons authorised to do so.
Lesson 1B
Question 1: Who may carry out isolations on HIGH VOLT equipment under these regulations?
HV Authorised person or a person in training under the direct supervision of an Appointed Operator.
Question 2: What type of PTW will be issued and who will carry out the isolation on a 3.3KV C.W. pump if
work is to be done on the pump.
Question 3: Describe the term Domestic circuit.
Electrical circuit used for lighting & domestic plug socket outlets, which does not exceed voltage level of
250V, between phase & neutral.
Question 4: Describe the term apparatus.
Any equipment that generates, transforms, conducts converts, inverts, or rectifies electrical energy, or
which is directly connected to an electrical supply.
Question 5: If you were to perform work on electrical apparatus, which could not be isolated (LV).
What precautions must you take?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

PTW must be endorsed ALIVE.

Use insulated tools
Use insulated dry mat.
Use insulating rubber gloves.
Use correct face shields.
Use PPE as per risk assessment.

Who may perform such work?

Performed by a RP/Skilled person & another person must remain in attendance during the duration of the
work.
Question 6: Name 3 devices used for electrical isolations.
1)
2)
3)
4)

Fuses
Truck type switch gear
Isolations
Circuit Breakers.

Question 7: What is the result of the interruption of a heavy current by the opening of isolators or the
removal of fuses?

Result in dangerous arc.

Injury or death & damage to plant.

Question 8: What isolations are necessary to work on dead apparatus provided with circuit breaker,
isolator or fused isolator?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

Breaker locked in the off position and if possible racked out.

Fuses removed and locked
Prohibitory sign attached
Barriers fitted & locked
Isolators switched off
Circuit to be tested to be dead.

Question 9: Where will the following signs be applied?

Prohibitory sign: All points of isolation

Warning Sign: As close as safe as possible to such live apparatus.

Question 10: What are the requirements regarding the barrier on a fuse holder for isolation purpose?

Must be locked in position

Prevent re-insertion of the fuses.

Question 11: When may a door be used as a barrier for a fuses?

1) When it can be locked.
2) Must have a transparent window
3) Position of fuse bases can be observed.
Question 12: Describe the safety testing procedure with an approved testing device.

Test device before & after on live conductor.

Test apparatus to prove that it is dead on each individual phase.

Question 13: What shall be done when a safety test cannot be carried out?
The RP must assist the AP.

Question 14: Describe a power circuit.

1) All high voltage circuits
2) All low voltage circuits exceeding 250V.
3) All low voltage circuits not exceeding 250V, but protected by fuses or circuit breakers of a capacity
higher than 15 Amperes.
4) All DC supplies exceeding 50V
5) All DC supplies not exceeding 50V, but with a higher capacity than 15 amperes.
Question 15: Describe the term dead.

Any apparatus which is at or about zero potential & disconnected or isolated from any live electrical
power or other energy source.
Rotating plant shall not be regarded as dead until it is stationary or being slowly rotated by barring
gear & not excited.

Question 16: Why is speed above barring speed not accepted as dead?
At above barring speed a dangerous voltage may be induced due to residual magnetism in the field.
Question 17: Describe the term isolated.
To make safe to work on by effectively disconnecting from all possible sources of dangerous energy & or
harmful substances.
Question 18: What is meant by a clean hand approach?
No tools or any objects in hands while removing fuses.
Question 19: Describe the term Portable electrical equipment.

Electrical tools that are carried by hand or mobile to the place of work, which have an electrical cord
like:
Hand drills
Grinders
Soldering Irons
Lead Lights.

Question 20: What do two squares on portable electric equipment indicate?

Double insulation, Inner & Outer.
Question 21: Which electrical installation requires a certificate of compliance?
All temporary electrical installations & their associated distribution boards.
Question 22: List five types of PP clothing and equipment required for work in a battery room.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

Rubber gloves
Chemical apron
Inherent flame resistant clothing
Hard hat with arc face shield
Safety glasses
Safety shoes
Spill kits available.

Question 23: Explain in detail the circumstances under which gas monitoring will be essential in battery
rooms?
If a device is used that produces significant heat or sparks to ensure an explosive atmosphere does not
developed.
Lesson 2B
Question 1: May the following work be carried out without a plant PTW?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)

Internal work on pulverised fuel equipment

Floating of safety valves
Tightening of valve glands
Work on pressure vessels, Boiler pressure parts and pressure pipe work.
Tightening of internally sealed access doors or caps.
Work in confined spaces.
Work on or near overhead crane tracks
Work on hydrogen cooled machines involving the opening of any casing containing hydrogen
Work on plant containing or operated by compressed air, gas, liquid or vapour
Cleaning of a conveyor belt structure or chute from the outside.

NO
YES
NO
NO
YES.
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES

Question 2: What must be done where a non-return valve is the only point of isolation and it is
impracticable to shut down the plant?
Approved local procedure must be developed to stipulate the dangers, hazards, risks & precautions that
are to be taken to ensure the safety of workers such as:
1) Ensure system is not charged with a substance which contains latent heat.
2) Ensure that the max system pressure is less than 600Kpa
3) Inspection by AP & RP that NRV does not leak.
4) Correct procedure for depressurisation of that particular plant.
5) Necessary precautions to ensure that a positive system pressure is maintained on the downstream
side of the NRV.
6) Insertion of a blank flange or spade between the opening & the NRV if applicable.
7) Continuous supervision of the work by the RP.
8) Protective clothing that must be worn.
Question 3: What should you do if you have to remove trench covers?

Opening physically barricaded off for the period it is open.

Barrier tape may not be used, only fixed barriers.

Question 4: What must be done when work is to be carried out in an elevated position?
The danger area must be clearly demarcated & warning signs must be displayed conspicuously.
Question 5: Who is responsible for the drainage and or reduction to atmospheric pressure?
Appointed person
Who is responsible for the safe execution thereof?
Appointed person.

Question 6: Do you need a PTW for a statutory boiler hydraulic test?

Yes and a SFT must be issued.
Question 7: Under what conditions, may internal work be carried out in the combustion chamber or boiler
passes?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

Must be isolated.
Cooled ( Environmental Certificate)
Adequately vented.
Be at atmospheric pressure
Gas test Certificate.
PTW issued.

Question 8: What must be done before any internal work on a mill can commence on a steaming boiler?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

Isolated
Cooled
Ventilated
Gas test Certificate
PTW issued
Safe entry certificate.

Question 9: Who may change burner impellers on a steaming boiler?

Skilled person under the direct supervision of a RP.
Question 10: What precautions must be taken regarding the boiler and turbine before changing burner
impellers of a steaming boiler?
Boiler and Turbine controls immobilised (Manual), & Boiler furnace press is stable & Negative & a PTW
stating the precautions taken has been issued.
Question 11: When will entry into a bunker be allowed?
After PTW has been issued.
Question 12: What provisions will apply when work has to be done in a bunker?
1) Access from the top: Person entering the bunker must wear safety harness. Rescue lines of which
must be properly secured & kept taut as vertically as possible above the place of work, by persons
who must remain outside the bunker & be dedicated to this task during the whole period the person is
in the bunker.
2) Bottom Access: Local procedure for removing all hang-ups, & after such & certified safe to enter, the
PTW may be issued & work can proceed without a safety harness provided that the work is confined
to the bottom of the bunker.
3) Every person working in a bunker must be fully conversant with the work to be carried out, & with the
procedure for managing the safety harness & attached lines in such a way to ensure safety while in
the bunkers.
4) Adequate approved lighting must be provided.

Question 13: What must be done when a staithe-lashing machine is used?

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

In accordance with a local procedure & provision made for:

Training of personnel
Safe access
Availability of breathing apparatus.
Adequate approved lighting
Adequate communications
Control of coal flow to & from the working area.

Question 14: What precautions must be adhered to before entering a bunker that contains radioactive
material?
No person may enter until the radioactive source has been isolated by a person authorised to do so in
accordance with the regulations for radioactivity.
Question 15: What precautions should be taken when cleaning a conveyor belt structure?
1) Local procedure for cleaning has been developed.
2) The emergency trip mechanism has been operated & precautions has been taken to ensure that it will
not be reset before the cleaning operation has been completed.
3) Additionally the belts must be stopped sequentially & provided that starting of the belt is inhibited by
the trip mechanism.
Question 16: Under what circumstances can a conveyor belt be cleaned without a PTW?
Under no circumstances.
Question 17: When is access to ash sumps allowed?
1) All supplies to level detecting probes have been isolated.
2) All points of possible inflow of substances have been isolated.
3) Steps have been taken to ensure that no lifting equipment can traverse the sump opening concerned,
unless it is carried out under direct supervision of a RP, or authorised supervisor.
4) Environmental certificate is issued.
5) Gas test certificate is issued.
6) PTW is issued.
Question 18: Explain in detail how mechanical work is carried out on the rapper hammers inside the
precipitators in order to comply with the regulations.
EMD take a HV Permit, MMD takes a plant permit & cross reference the two.
Question 19: When is the Roding of precips permissible?
Prohibited, unless that field has been isolated & earthed in accordance whit a local procedure.
Question 20: What type of tools may be used in the H2 plant?
Insulated spark free tools.

Question 21: What must be done before work can proceed on H2 equipment when the opening up of any
of the casing is involved?
1) H2 supply disconnected from H2 system, & a section of pipe removed.
2) Casing or vessel must be cleared of H2 & Completely purged with CO2 which must be replaced by air
3) Casing or vessel must then be tested, certified free of H2 & an environmental certificate, Gas test
Certificate & PTW issued in respect of the casing or vessel.
Question 22: What steps should be taken before work is commenced on any other part of the H2
equipment (not the casing)?
1) Isolated of all sources of H2
2) All enclosures containing H2 must be purged with CO2 & opened to atmosphere & thoroughly
ventilated.
3) Must be certified free of H2 & purging gas.
4) Environmental certificate
5) Gas test certificate.
6) PTW issued.
Question 23: What type of work and actions are prohibited in a H2 plant?

No smoking, open flames.

Hot work, welding, cutting, grinding.

Question 24: What do the regulations require when the use or handling of chemicals is involved?

PPE.
Clothing
Safe handling equipment must be provided & used where danger may arise from the use or handling
of chemicals.

Question 25: What do the regulations require regarding chemical spillages?

Showers & eye wash fountains must be provided adjacent to the area where the chemicals spills may
occur, & must be tested before work commences.
Question 26: Under what conditions, may entry into any container for dangerous chemical substances be
permitted?
Conditions stipulated by an authorised person, have been complied with, & PTW issued, Gas test
certificate.
Question 27: In what manner must chlorinate plants be maintained and stated the requirements for the
building?
To avoid leakage and all buildings housing such plant must be adequately ventilated.
Question 28: What must be done before work starts on internal combustion engines?
Fuel supply, starting equipment & associated driven machine must be isolated where reasonably practical
& PTW issued.
Question 29: What precautions must be taken against engine exhaust fumes?
All exhaust gasses are vented safely outside the work area.

Question 30: What requirements should be met before work is commenced on the internal parts of any
plant, containing or operated by compressed air, gas, liquid or vapour?
Supply isolated & fluid removed from associated receivers & pipe work where after these must be
ventilated & open to atmosphere, Gas test certificate and PTW issued.
Question 31: Describe the term fuel gas.
Natural Gas, manufactured gas, LPG & mixture of these gasses & air/gas mixtures
Question 32: Under what conditions may a person work on or near the wheel track of an overhead crane?
If effective measures have been taken to ensure that the crane does not approach to whiting five meters
of that place.
Question 33: What does the regulation state about the following?
The moving part of hoist lifting machines
None of the moving parts of a hoist or lifting machine may be dismantled, unless all parts of the hoist or
lifting machine are so secured or supported as to remain stable.
Work on installed Power driven machines.
Power supply isolated & prohibitory signs attached to control points & PTW issued.
Question 34: Explain under what conditions may a person enter or work in any tunnel, pipeline, aqueduct
or pump.
Only when the following are met:
1) Tunnel, pipeline, aqueduct associated turbine or pump has been isolated from all sources of water,
drained vented to atmosphere.
2) At least one drain & one vent must be locked in the open position.
3) Access doors as required are opened & locked
4) Environmental and Gas test certificate has been issued.
5) Adequate supply of fresh air is present.
6) Supplies of compressed air & chemical injection points isolated.
7) Power supplies to motor which operate v/vs, turning gear, high pressure oil pumps, intake gates or
head stocks have been isolated.
8) Hand operated mechanisms isolated
9) Prohibitory signs have been affixed to all points of isolations.
10) PTW issued.
11) Work inspection parties must consist of not less than 2 persons wearing suitable safety equipment,
each working party accompanied by rescuer. A suitable distance must be maintained between
members of a work/inspection party and rescuer so as to ensure: Assistance can be given or
obtained, should a member of the party experiences a misadventure and,
12) Other members can be timeously warned of any danger before work parties may work, the appointed
person must arrange & personally ensure that all dangerous areas are barricaded off.
Question 35: What must be done before any door is closed that provides access to a confined space?
Must ensure that there are no persons inside the confined spaces & that all tools, equipment & debris
have been removed.

Question 36: What precautions and measurements must be taken when a person enters a confined
space where dangerous fumes or substances might be present that cannot be isolated and ventilated
effectively?
1) All practical steps must be taken to prevent ingress of dangerous substances
2) Every person who enters the confined apace must wear approved breathing apparatus.
3) Every person who enters confined space must wear safety harness to which a rescue line is
attached.
4) A rescuer must remain on duty outside the confined space & this person must maintain
communication with those inside the confined space. An additional set of breathing apparatus must
be available for use of rescuer.
5) Adequate steps must be taken to ensure that all persons wearing breathing apparatus are withdrawn
from the confined space before the end of the specified working duration of the breathing apparatus.
6) Only approved lighting & portable electrical tools shall be allowed.
7) PTW must be issued.
Question 37: What is essential before anyone is allowed to enter a confined space?

At least one door or manhole must be locked in the open position.

The keys must form part of the isolations required on the PTW.

Question 38: What does the regulation state with regards to the following sign?
Confined space warning sign.
Only approved confined space warning sign may be used to warn workers.
The approved sign must be permanently affixed next to all the lockable entrances of confined spaces.
If an area becomes a confined space due to the type of work carried out inside it, a temporary confined
space warning sign must be affixed to all entrances to that area.
Question 39: Describe the term hot work.
Any activity involving a source of ignition such as welding, cutting, grinding, sparks, and any electrical
equipment that could give off sparks and any other work that could serve as a source of ignition that can
pose a danger. Specifically when carried out in a confined environment, or in the vicinity of any
combustible material.
Question 40: Describe the term hot work approval.
A document that approves hot work & states the precautions to be taken before, during, after hot work.
This document is prepared & signed by the hot work monitor.
Question 41: Describe the term hot work monitor.
Person appointed by each site to perform the duties required to complete & approve the hot work
approval document and be responsible to ensure that precautions detailed there in are carried out and
the provision of adequate fire fighting equipment. Hot work monitors training must include Fundamentals
for fire safety for individuals
Question 42: Describe the process that is to be followed when work involving hot work needs to be
carried out.
A request must be made by the responsible person to the site Hot work monitor for hot work approval
where in the precautions must be stated as to how the area is to be prepared, controlled and monitored
before, during and after hot work conditions. The work must be carried out in accordance with a local
procedure.

Question 43: Describe in detail the process that must be followed before work/hot work can commence in
or on a confined space which contain/contained oil, gas or any other flammable substance?
1) RP must make a request to the site hot work monitor stating the precautions to be taken.
2) Where a confined space can be isolated and adequately ventilated this must be done before the
space is tested & certified clear of all dangerous gasses, and an environmental certificate issued
before any person is allowed to enter. IN ADDITION:
3) Adequate ventilations, gas monitoring & WBGT index monitoring must be maintained while persons
remain in the confined space.
4) Only approved lighting & portable electrical tools shall be allowed.
5) A PTW must be issued: Where there is a possibility of dangerous substances being present in a
confined space which can not be effectively isolated & adequately ventilated the following measures
must be taken before any person is allowed to enter that space:
6) All practical steps must be taken to prevent the ingress of dangerous substances.
7) Every person who enters the confined space must wear approved breathing apparatus.
8) Every person who enters the confined space must wear safety harness to which a rescue line is
attached.
9) A rescuer must remain on duty outside the confined space & this person must maintain
communication with those inside the confined space. The rescuer must control the rescue lines
attached to the safety harness & must assist in the removal of any person from the confined space.
An additional set of breathing apparatus must be available for the use of the rescuer.
10) Adequate steps must be taken to ensure that all persons wearing breathing apparatus are with drawn
from the confined space before the end of the specified working duration of the breathing apparatus.
11) Only approved lighting & portables electrical tools are allowed, persons trained to use tools.
12) PTW must be issued.