Professional Documents
Culture Documents
__________________________________________________________________________
Section A
ESSAY TYPE QUESTIONS (10 Marks each)
[Please answer Any Four essay type questions in a separate page answer sheet especially
provided for the purpose]
1. Briefly describe the different steps involved in a research process. Distinguish between
descriptive and causal research studies.
3. The choice of the measurement scale has implications for the statistical technique to be used
for data analysis. Discuss the types of measurement scales with examples.
4. Distinguish between primary and secondary methods of data collection. Explain the Interview
method of data collection.
Case Study
Keep Your City Clean: Environmental Concerns
Over the last decade, recycling of household waste has become an extremely important
behaviour across the nations. However, in Asian countries this fluctuates from one country to the
other. China is the leader amongst waste management while India, an equally large country, still
has a long way to go. Though these are essentially policy driven or community driven initiatives,
there are a number of attitudinal and motivational barriers to recycling, acting at an individual
level.
Punita Nagarajan, a business studies graduate with a keen interest in environmental issues, read
about this in a special report in the newspaper. She recognized a potential business opportunity.
It seemed obvious to her that there was scope for a potentially lucrative business related to some
aspect of household recycling. All she had to do was work out some way of alleviating the
inconvenience people associated with recycling.
Punita decided that a door-to-door recycling service may be a profitable way to get people to
recycle. She believed that households would be willing to pay a small fee to have their waste
collected on a weekly basis, from outside their home. Punita discussed this idea with a few
friends, who were very receptive, reinforcing Punitas views that this was indeed a good business
opportunity. However, before she developed a detailed business plan, she decided it was
necessary to confirm her thoughts and suspicions regarding the consumers views about
recycling. In particular, she needed to check that her ideas, about convenience and recycling,
were on the right track. To do this, she decided to conduct some research into attitudes towards
household recycling.
5. What is the kind of research design you would advocate here? Can you suggest any alternative
design? Why/Why not?
6. Formulate the research problem and the objectives of the study. Identify the variables and the
population under study.
Section B
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
[Please answer all the following questions]
1. Action-oriented research is termed as ______________.
a. Applied research
b. Basic research
c. Exploratory research
d. Conclusive research
3. ___________________ is the first and the most critical step of the research journey.
a. Formulating the research hypothesis
b. The management dilemma
c. Defining the research problem
d. Developing the research proposal
a. Verbal model
b. Graphical model
c. Mathematical model
d. Theoretical model
6. Any variable that can be stated as influencing or impacting the dependent variable is
referred to as ______________________.
a. Dependent variable
b. Moderating variables
c. Independent variable
d. Extraneous variables
8. A formal document that presents the research objectives, design of achieving these
objectives and the expected outcomes/deliverables of the study is a _______________
a. Research proposal
b. Research hypothesis
c. Research variables
d. Research objectives
9. ______________ is the working section of the proposal as it indicates the logical and
systematic approach intended to be followed to achieve the listed objectives.
a. Academic research
b. Business research
c. Research design
10. ___________________ are the simplest and most loosely structured research designs.
a. Exploratory designs
b. Descriptive Research designs
c. Experimental designs
d. Longitudinal studies
11. In __________________ designs, the researcher can randomly assign test units and
treatments to an experimental group.
a. Pre-experimental
b. True experimental
c. Quasi-experimental
d. Statistical
12. _____________ design is used when a researcher is investigating the effect of one
independent variable on the dependent variable.
a. Randomized block
b. Completely randomized
c. Factorial design
d. True experimental
13. ________________is conducted using focus group discussion, secondary data, analysis of
case study and expert opinion survey.
a. Descriptive research
b. Experimental research
c. Statistical design
d. Exploratory research
15. ________________ refer users to the articles, research papers, abstracts, other printed news
contained in other sources and are called bibliographic databases.
a. Source databases
b. Online databases
c. CD-ROM databases
d. Reference databases
16. ________________ is a highly versatile and dynamic method of collecting primary data
from a representative group of respondents and involves a moderator who steers the
discussion on the topic under study.
a. Observation method
b. Personal Interview method
c. Focus group discussion
d. Structured interviews
18. A focus group discussion where there are two moderators, one being responsible for the
managing the group discussion and the other trying to optimize group performance, is
called a __________________________.
a. Two-way focus group
b. Fencing -moderator group
c. Dual-moderator group
d. Respondent-moderator group
20. In the ______________scale, there is only one item to measure a given construct.
a. Single item
b. Multiple item
c. Comparative
d. Non-comparative
21. In the _____________________ scaling, respondents are presented with several objects
simultaneously and asked to order or rank them according to some criterion.
a. Q-sort technique
b. Paired comparison
c. Rank Order
d. Constant sum rating
22. ____________ is concerned with consistency, accuracy and predictability of the scale.
a. Validity
b. Predictive validity
c. Sensitivity
d. Reliability
25. ________________ questions are restrictive alternatives and provide the respondents only
with two answers.
a. Dichotomous
b. Open-ended
c. Multiple-choice
d. Scales
26. The reason for the respondents inability to answer the questions in a questionnaire could be
because of:
a. The person might not have the required information
b. The person might not remember the answer
c. The person might not be able to articulate the answer
d. All of the above
27. The process of testing and administering the designed instrument on a small group of
people from the population under study in order to refine it and arrive at the final version is
called
a. Primary testing
b. Draft testing
c. Pilot testing
d. Field testing
32. The process of going back to the respondent to get the answers to inconsistencies or nonresponse is called________________________
a. Allocating missing values
b. Backtracking
c. Plug value
d. Discarding unsatisfactory responses
respondent is called________________________
a. Coding
b. Tabulating
c. Field validation
d. Data analysis
35. For which type of measurement, the coefficient of variation can be computed.
a. Nominal scale
b. Ordinal scale
c. Interval scale
d. Ratio scale
37. ___________ measures the degree of association between two variables and could be
positive, negative or zero
a. Variance
b. Cross tabulation
c. Simple correlation
d. Coefficient of variation
25
40.
a. Reject
when it is true.
b. Accept
when it is false.
c. Reject
when it is false.
d. Accept
when it is false
41. The null hypothesis to test the equality of two population means using t test would be
a
>
42. If there are 3 rows and 3 columns, the degrees of freedom for Chi-square test are :
a. 6
b. 9
c. 0
d. 4
43. For the application of a chi-square test of independence, the sample should be selected at
random and the expected frequency in each cell should be at least _______.
a. 5
b. 6
c. 7
d. 8
Z2
45. In analysis of variance, which of the following test statistics is used to compare the variance
between the samples and the variance within the sample?
a. t statistic
b. F statistic
c. Z statistic
d. Chi-square statistic
46. ___________________ are written for the purpose of recording the process carried out in
terms of scope and framework of the study, the methodology followed and instrument
designed.
a. Survey reports
b. Technical reports
c. Business reports
d. Basic reports
47. The ______________ in the Preliminary Section of the Research Report should be crisp
and indicative of the nature of the project.
a. Letter of transmittal
b. Title
c. Letter of authorization
d. Table of contents
48. The methodology of research section includes all the following except:
a. Sampling design
b. Research framework or design
c. Data collection methods
d. Glossary of terms
49. In the ____________________, along with the details of the cited work, brief information
about the nature of information sought from the article/paper is also given.
a. Selected bibliography
b. Annotated bibliography
c. Complete bibliography
d. Glossary of terms
50. Once the researcher has clearly communicated the purpose, the nature and likely outcome
of the study, it is advisable to make a mutual written or unwritten _____________.
a. Coercion
b. Sensitivity
c. Contract
d. Experimentation
example of
_________________
ii. _________________ studies explore the effect of one thing on another and more
specifically, the effect of one variable on another.
a. i. Descriptive research, ii. Causal research
b. i. Causal research, ii. Descriptive research
c. i. Exploratory research, ii. Descriptive research
d. i. Causal research, ii. Exploratory research
52.
i. ______________ is original and collected first hand for the problem under study.
ii. _______________ is information that has been collected and compiled earlier for
some other problem or purpose.
a. i. Primary data, ii. Secondary data
b. i. Secondary data, ii. Primary data
c. i. Quanlitative data, ii. Quantitative data
d. i. Secondary data, ii. Quanlitative data
54. i. The outcome or effect that is being studied in research is called _______________
ii. ________________ are the one that have a strong effect on the relationship between the
independent and dependent variables
60. i. A focus group discussion where one respondent group sits and listens to the other and
after learning from them or understanding the needs of the group, they carry out a
discussion amongst themselves is called________________
ii. A focus group discussion where two moderators take opposite sides on the topic being
discussed
and
ensure
that
all
perspectives
are
called______________
a. i. Two way focus group, ii. Fencing- moderator group
b. i. Friendship group, ii. Mini-group
c. i.Creativity group, ii. Online focus group
d. i. Dual moderator group, ii. Brand obsessive group
thoroughly
explored
is
64. i. Any question that provides a clue to the respondents in terms of the direction in which
one wants them to answer is called _____________
ii. Questions that address sensitive issues are termed as ____________
a. i. Leading question, ii. Loaded questions
b. i. Double barrelled questions, ii. Leading question
67. For a 95% confidence (use Z = 1.96), the required sample size with margin of error equal to
100 and estimated population standard deviation equal to 500 is given by:
a. 96
b. 156
c. 500
d. 1000
68. The editing process is carried out at two levels, the first of these is ____________ and the
second is _________________.
a. Field editing, Coding
b. Central editing, Tabulation
c. Classification, Tabulation
d. Field editing, Central editing
70. Sample data of 10 days sales from the two month data collected on daily basis is given. The
sample variance is
Sales
15
28
32
16
19
26
38
in
units
a. 90.4
b. 80.4
c. 70.4
d. 100.4
s
x 100
X
N
CF
c. 2
h
f
40
25
13
f f1
h
d.
2f f1 f 2
72. State whether the following statements are True or False:
1. Accepting a null hypothesis when it is false is called Type II error.
2. The alternate hypothesis H1 : 35 is an example of a two- tailed test.
a. 1- True, 2- False
b. 1- False, 2- True
c. 1- True, 2- True
d. 1- False, 2- False
i. 2
i.
2
i.
2
O E
i1
j1
Eij
i 1
j1
Eij
i 1
j1
Eij
i 1
j1
Eij
ij
ij
ij
, ii. (r-1)
ij
, ii. (c-1)
2
ij
, ii. (c-1)
c. 1- True, 2- True
d. 1- False, 2- False