2002

1957 8 31

()

()

1819

1911

1919

1919 ()

1920

1925
1925 1928 315
1930
l1% l4%

1929 1932

1938
91,534 26,974

1941 1945

1946 1,078 168,303

1946 1,400
1948
1950

 1951 ()(Or. William P. Fenn)

....

1949
----$8.72
----$55.84
----$67.88
----$187.88
90%
1952
15

1954 ----

1954

1954

1953 ----

1955 92 52

1955
....
1956

1956
()

1956 12
1957 2 24
80%

1957
1957 11
1960 1957
1962 1

1961 21(2)
1961 21(2)
41
14 1962

1955 ----

1967

1969
1969 1969

1972
1974
300
1972
1961 21(2)
1968 1982

 152

152

(1)

(2)
1641 300 400
1750 2,161 (3)

()()

36561

54572

13482

104615

18611

11501

3278

33390

75216

26141

58098

159453

433

1946

50

2429

2409

2951

2850

8210

133230

97111

77756

308097

()1871

*
Ooi Jin Bee (5.2)
()1911 1938 ()
1911

1921

1931

1938

1438

1651

1962

2211

917

1175

1709

2220

267

472

624

744

11

15

18

28

11

13

16

18

29

33

56

58

2673

3359

4385

5279

1939

(4)

1.1

1835 (Macaulay)(5)

(Frank
Swettenham) 1890 (6)

1895 (7)

1898 (8)
1815 1819 (9)
1893 (10)
1890
1901

1901 2,000 600 (11)

1905

(12)
1.2
1900
7 1906 1911

1904 Yiu Sin (13)

1906
(14)
1908 1911
(Phua Choon Heang)
1919

1914 1919 1919 (

)

1913
1914 1915
1918
(15)
1918
1920 181 313 (16)

1920

(Sir Laurence
Guillemark)
()()(1)
2.1 1920

1920

(2)

(3)

(4)(
) 1923
(Guillemark)(5)
(Dr. R. O. Winstedt)
1911
(6)

1923
1872

1922 215 ( 91 58 12 )
177 (7)1923
1924 1925
2.2 1925


(Shibault)

(8)
1925 1928 315 (9)

(Sir Hugh Clifford) 1927 (Guillemark)

1929 (Clementi)

(10)
1929

1930

11% 14%(Dr. R. O. Winstedt)

(Clementi)

....()
(Dr. R. O. Winstedt)(11)
2.3 19291932
1930 1931 359 302
1930 379 1932 344 (12)
1931

1932 (Sir Cecil Clementi) 1920

(Retrenchment Commission)

(13)(Sir George
Maxwell)(14)
....

1932
1932
1931
1931 ( 170
41%35%24%)(15)
15 1,000 407
15 1,000 37
2.4 1935
(Sir Shenton Thomas) 1934
F. J. Morten 1935 1932
(16)

1935 1938 1933

5.1%()

(M$)

(M$)

1924

33

1.6

2.02

1925

39

1.7

2.29

1927

48

1.8

2.70

1928

56

1.9

2.97

1929

74

3.2

2.29

1930

78

3.2

2.42

1932

81

2.8

2.93

1933

78

2.9

2.65

1935

80

3.0

2.67

1937

158

4.2

3.77

1938

195

5.1

3.80

()Loh, 1975:93
(Sir Shenton Thomas)

(17)

(Creech Jones)
(18)

 1940
(Clementi)

1938 91,534 (66,645 24,889 )

26,974 (18,522 8,452 )
268,007 (19)

19241937

(%)

(%)

1924

33.5

66.5

18,312

1925

30.4

69.6

22,141

1926

29.7

70.3

24,018

1927

28.4

71.6

26,432

1928

27.0

73.0

29,262

1929

26.8

73.2

31,958

1930

28.5

71.5

31,221

1932

30.8

69.2

28,676

1933

26.5

27.5

30,316

1935

21.7

78.3

37,697

1937

17.6

82.4

48,196

Loh, 1975:92

1938 245 14,423 (20)

2.5 1941-1945
1941 1945

()

(21)

Butais
1942 3 3 70,699 (22)

(23)
4

...()()
(24)
1942 3
1942 4 27 (25)
Katakana()

Kempetai() 20
(26)
()

1941

1946

370

38,000

21

2,543

125

46,699

81

27,000

36

5,000

51

23,821

29

5,800

22

4,572

26

5,551

18

11,000

789

44

538

()()
19371945 1984 52

1946 1,400 (1)

1946 1,078 168,303 (2)

400
1946 7 (3)

(4)

3.1 1946

83%

3.2
1946 7

(5)

5
15
1O%(6)

1946 12

15 10
5 (7)
1946 12

(Pusat Tenaga Rakyat, PUTERA)

(Angkatan Pemuda lnsaf, API) 1947
(8)
()
() 18 10 8

()
()
()
()
() 3
() 9 55%
()
()
1947 7

1948 2 1949

(9) 1952 ()
15 12 10

1947 (10) 1950 50 23

(11)

(Malcolm MacDonald)

(12)
3.3 1951
(13) 1948
1949 1950
()
1950 (14)

()
()
(Sir Henry Gurney) 1951
(Dr. William P. Fenn)
....
(15)

....()(16)

1949 (17)
$8.72
$55.84
$67.88
$187.88
90%
3.4 1952
1951

1952
15 (18)
()(19)

1952 ()

1953 1952


1951 1952

()

1952 (Dr. Winstedt)

(H. R. Cheeseman)
(Straits Times)(1) 1946 Council Paper( 53 )

1923 5 28

(Mac Caulay)(2)
1953 8 18
(Utusan Zaman)
4.1
1952 8 ()

(3)
(Sir Donald Mac Gillivray)
1948 (4)
1952 7

(5)
1.
2.
3.
4.
(Sir Gerald Templer)

1954
1952
() 1953 4 16 19

(6) 1953 8 23 1952

(7)

(8)
()1952 ()
()
()( 15 )

()
()

()

()
4.2 1954
1954 3 31
(9)

1952
(10)
(a) 1952

(
)
(b)()

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(
)

(g)
1946 11 172,000 1953 7 257,781

1947 78,258 1948

55,681 49,402

1953 8
(11)
4.3 1954
1952 1953
11 (12)
1954 10

1955 1953
1955 2 1954
(13) 1955
250

1952 1954 (14)

(15)

1955
(16)

1955 4

1955 500 (17)1952 1954

1953

1955 8 22 (18)
()
()
()
()
()

1955 92 52
1954 10 23
(1)
()
()
()
1955

(2)1955
200

(3)
5.1 1956
1955 9 4

(4)
...( 12 )1956 5 6
()
....
(5)

(6)
( 12 )

( 19 )

12

....(7)
1956 7 27
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
1956 (
)

()

( 10 )
( 12 )

1956 10 3 / 1957 3
1958
1956 12

1957 26

1957 2 24 155 58 42
(9)

15
()
()
()
()
(10)

1957 2 22
(11)
()

()
()

()

80%

5.2 1956
1955 5

(12)( 45 )
(13)
()
()
()

()
()()

()()
()()

/
1956

5.3
1956 6
(14)

(15)

1955
(16)

1955 4

1955 500 (17)1952 1954

(a)
(b) 18 7 5
(c) 18 12 8

1,094

(a)
(b) 5

(c)
(d)

1956 4 13 (
)

5.4 1957
1956 1957

(15)
1957

....(16) 1957
15
(17)
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
1957 11
1955
1958
(18)
(1)
(2)

1960 1957 1961

1956
(1)
1957

1959 (2)
()
()

()
()
6.1 1960
1959
1956
(3)

1960 ()
(4)
()( 26 135 )
() 1962 1
( 29 164 )
()
(a)
(b) 1957
(c)
(d) 1956 ()
(e)
( 29 164 )
()( 32 186 )

1961
(5)
1957 152 (6)
....

195l 1952 (7)

(8)

(9)

1957 11
1955
1955
( 5 )(10)
(e)
1954 67 ( 1952 )

152

(11)

1960 (12)
1961 () 1959
1959

1961 1961

(13)
6.2 1961
1961
(14)
()

21(2)

(15)
1961 21(2)

 1961 21(2)

1961 1972

1957 1962 1
(16)
41
14 1962
6.3

1975

(1980 )

1955 1955

7.1 1955 1964

1955 128 84%11.2%4.6%
92 50
75% 21 (1)
1955 1955 7 5

(2)

()

1955
(3)

(4)

(5)
52 51 79.6%
1956
1955

56.8%35.6%7.4% 0.2%
52 104 1955 79.6% 51.8%
74 (6) 1960 5 7.5%
1961 5 17.5%
(7)

1961 1961 5

15 14 (8)

1964 500
(9)

1964 (UDP)(SF)(PAP)(PPP)

(10)
1965 ()

7.2 1967

1957

(11)
1967 9

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)
1967

(16)

(17) 1967 3 3

(MCE)(GSC)

7.3 1969

(18)
()
()
()
()

()
()
()
()
1967
(19)

 1969

(20)

(21)
()
()
()
1955
282 162 47.95% 1959 1964
206(55.52%) 241(57.62%)
104 66 48.41% 1959 1964 74(51.78%)
89(58.37%)(22)

7.4
1969

1969 7
1971

1971 1979

1975 58.5%
1970 53.7% 1975
1980 71.3% 73.3%(23)


1969 1969
()
()1971 1978

1971

337,560

413,270

1972

336,768

435,266

1973

335,297

450,903

1974

324,576

465,541

1975

313,060

480,984

1976

304,313

487,877

1977

302,449

493,809

1978

300,753

498,311

1979
()

()

1947-1957

11.2+

10.2+

8.4+

4.1+

1957-1967

8.3+

3.0+

1.4+

4.6+

1967-1970

5.4+

1.0+

3.8+

0.03+

1971-1978

10.9-

17.95+

70.58+

0.97

Jade K, NST, 6-10-83

1970
1973 (1)

1979 19,362
(2)

62.4% = 12,079

33.5% = 6,491

3.7% = 711

0.4% = 81

1980 (3)

66.7% = 13,857

26.2% = 5,450

6.1% = 1,248

1% = 209

8.1 1972

1972 26(A)

(4)

(5)

1971 12 4
(6)
1961
(7)

....
26(A)(8)

(9)
1973 100

12 16

8.2 1975
1974 10 9

(10)

(a)

26 27

(11)

(12)

(13)

1961
21(2)
1972
1957

16
(b)
1972
()

(c)
1961 21(2)
10 80% 15

2 6

19% 10

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

1975

()
()

1975

 1977

8.3 1979
1974 1979 12

()
()

(14)
(15)
--
--
--
--

----
1967 1967 12 8
(1)
(
)(2)

1968 4 14
1969
60

1971
1969

1977
1978

25

1970 40%49%
1975 57.3% 35.8% 5.6%(3)

()(1970 1980 )

21-23 351-352
(1)
(2)
(3)
4,234
1978 30
(4)

(5)
1978
()
()
()

1971
(6)
1978 8 11

1978 9 19 10 22

1978 10 10
1978 10 19
10 22 1978
11 15
1978 11 26
12
9.1
1981 9 28 (Michael Beloff)

()
()
()

152
(7)
152

8(2)

40%
"(8)

(9)
4238

----
----

----
----

(10)

(11)

1962 60

9.2
1981 11 8
1971
152(1)

1971
(12)

160

152(1)(13)
152(l)(a)

in

8(2) 8(2)
8(2)

9.3
1982 2 15

40
1971

(14)
()
(15)

152 ()

152

(16)


152

(17)

8 ()

(18)1971

-------- 152
8

9.4

152
(19)

()
(20)

1982 7 6

160(2)

152

152(1)(a)
(21)

152(1)(a)
(22)
352(6)
160(2)
....
(23)

152(1)(a)(24)
160(2)
1971
(25)

74(4)

1980 3M

(1)
()
()
()
()

1982 (2) 1980 1985

()1980--1985
1980

1985

4,519

51,973

1,353,319

4,756

65,142

1,530,793

1,312

18,131

581,696

1,286

21,623

585,082

583

3,560

73,958

555

4,333

76,653

6,414

73,664

2,008,973

6,597

91,098

2,192,528

----------
Educational Statistics of Malaysia, 1980-19851986 1.4, 2.1
() 1983
(3)()

()

1984

(4)

1985 (5)

3M
(Teluk Sengat)

1986 6 5 24
21(2)(6)
7
21(2)(7)
() 1986 21(2)

1987 6 5 1961 21(2)(8)

1987 10
1987 9 (9)
()

()()(10)

(11)
9 14

10 1 6
(12)
(13)
10 4
14

(14)
10 6
(15) 10 8 ()

10 11
()
14
(16)
()
()
()
() 1961

(17)

(18)
10 12
(19)


(20)

3
28

(21)
3
10 18

10 16

(22)
(23)

10 19

1987 10 27 3
(Amnesty
International)

(24)

--
(25)

( 1954 (Sir Gerald Templer))

1.

 1948 1982
(1)

2 2

27

(
) 27

27
(2)
1953
(3)
1972
1976
1982 126
(4)

2.
152

152 8 ()

3.

J. C. BocK (5)
4.
(Sir Gerald Templers) 1954

()()

5.
1951

(6)

(7)
6,726,820 2,022,550

1954

(8)

60 4 5 ()
1,300 60
60 ()
1983 34.8%
37.3%8.3%8.1% 7.6%

1962 60

()1982
274.90

12

1973
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
1975
12

()
1983
()

() 1983 70%