The history of socialism has its origins in the French Revolution of 1789
Robert Owen (1771 - 1858)he was british, In 1825 he arived in America
Created first free school in U.S He took care of his workers and their life style and their childern also. Harmony, Indiana, a village where idea of socialism was practised People were attracted here in 1827,1828 to discuss ideas. Lot of thinkers here Friedrich Engels (1820 - 1895) Karl Marx his disiple (1818 - 1883) (both Germans) Communist Manefesto By the end of 19th century theory was around since last 50 years, and its not be coming true and implemented Otto von Bismarck (1st chancellor of germany 1871-1890) outlawed all socialist a ctivities Eduard Bernstein socialist activist Vladimir Lenin (exiled in Siberai) (1870-1924), He red karl and documents of his brother Lenin said that you have to trust on professional workers not on workers, In 1900 he left for europe Germany Munich started underground newspaper to start revolution in Russia. Russian revolution (Bolshevik revolution)- 1917 after this was civil war Preasts rich peasents and specially Nicholas II of Russia along with family kill ed, Many died, bank churches died, all replaced by bolshevik, Lenin broke ties with all other socilists of world and so came communism Famine, Samuel Gompers (1850 - 1924) in U.S also followed by workers, he was marxist, he said that workers should be uplifted by workers. He was kind of save human life, using strikes and bycots rather then being polit ical, founded American fedration of labors. Socialist party in U.S, Okolohoma favouring party, but WWI turned things around, many socialists were arrested socialist party faded around WWI time, after that some farmers went to canada socialism in Canada is american import In 1930 CCF emerged, co-operative common wealth,1944 won provincial election First govt in North America, CCF ideas were adopted by liberal govt of Canada Lenin created first world socialist state. Union of Soviet Socialists Republic All over europe socialists transformed to Nationalist socialism Socialist took over eastern europe and North Korea Mao believed to re-educate people, recreate them, cut them from past Mao created Red gaurd, youth for his ideas to rebel agaisnt any1 For decade China followed Russia In Great leap forward, productivity increase but low quality Even Steel produced was worthless Then to produce wheet 30 to 40 million chinese peasents die In west Democratic socialism rose as a replace to Communism In Britian Labour party for example (started as labour union, then attracted soc ialist) In 1918 party adopted socialism Clement Attlee (1883 - 1967) - labour party leader in 1935 prime minister of U.K
from 1945 - 1951
He wanted large industry nationalised and small industry in private hand for sma ll time He nationalised much of country industry, coal, rail, steel, gas, pension create d, medical insurance Many of jews settlements were socialist in Palestine. kibbutz : everything owned by community, no salary needed, It is collective responsibilty to raise childern, free member of childern societ y no parents specific The first kibbutz, established in 1909 in Israel Degania Alef All intial members of Israel's cabinet were kibbutz members Julius Nyerere president of tanzania adopted socialism,in africa (Ujama thw word for socialism) Ujama villages will buid socialism at village level, Julius visited china to mov e away from west, China took interest in Tanzania develpmnt. Tanzania schools began to reshape, students learned trade. Julius reallocated vi llages. Deng Xiaoping (1978), china leader reshaped socialism, He was Mao's closet advis ro In Deng time people started to own plots dividing their collective land and keep ing profit to themselves People decided that if any1 arrested let other support his childern. Deng knew this he said don't stop let it work lets see how it comes out to be And harvestors were doubling and income was increasing, He said lets move like t his Any them every single commune was de-collectivese Political reforms were not brought, Dend crushed people Deng and Mikhail Gorbachev were two reformist to get rid of socialism Gorbachev also wanted to reform political system. March 1989, first free parliament election in Russia, and new faces suddenly bec ame MPs Poland : also new elections In August 1991 military coup put Gorbachev in arrest, thousands citizens came to street Boris Yeltsin (1991-1999) issued decree outlawed communist party Then Russian states declared independant, Is collapse of communism really end of socialism In 1990z Tony made clear that we don't belive in socialism.
Margaret Thatcher : against socialism in England belonged to conservatives , aga