Lecture Series Electric Machines (EM)

Introduction

SS 2014
Elektrotechnisches Institut (ETI) - Lehrstuhl Hybridelektrische Fahrzeuge (HEV)

KIT Universitt des Landes Baden-Wrttemberg und

nationales Groforschungszentrum in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

www.kit.edu

Lectures Lectures:)Monday,-9:45--11:15-(st)Updates:-hMp://www.e/.kit.edu--Studium-und-Lehre--Electrical-Machines Handouts:-Available-for-download-at-the-Ins/tute-website.-A-password-is-required.-Will-be-given-during-thelectures.- Consulta1on)hours:-Tuesday,--8:00--10:00-and-upon-request)

Exam:)Oral,-dates-upon-requestTry)to)be)present)at)all)lectures)and)all)exercises!)All)presented)material)is)relevant)for)the)oral)exam!

--

Prof.-Dr.AIng.-

MarieCLouise)Keilbach)

Full$Professor$
Hybrid$Electric$Vehicles$

Secretary$/$Assistance$

Tel.:--+49-(721)-608A46250-

Tel.:--+49-(721)-608A42473-

Mar/n.Doppelbauer@kit.edu-

MarieALouise.Keilbach@kit.edu-

Campus)Sd,-Building-11.10-

Campus)Sd,-Building-11.10-

Room-114-

Room-113-

Mar1n)Doppelbauer)

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

2-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

Exercises Exercises:)Thursday,-11:30--13:00-Uhr.Updates:-hMp://www.e/.kit.edu--Studium-und-Lehre--Electric-Machines Handouts:-Available-for-download-prior-to-the-lectures-at-the-Ins/tute-website.-A-password-is-required.-Will-begiven-during-the-lectures.- Exercise)instructor:)

Dipl.AIng.-

Buwei)Zhang)
Topologischer$Vergleich$
E=Maschinen$$
hoher$Leistung$
Tel.:--+49-(721)-608A41784Buwei.Zhang@kit.eduCampus)Ost,-Geb.-70.04Raum-103-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

3-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

Precondi/ons-and-exams-

This-lecture-series-is-for-ENTECH-Master-students-with-a-background-knowledge-in-electrical-and-mechanical-engineering. Fundamentals-of-electromagne/cs-will-be-repeated,-but-a-preAknowledge-of-the-basics-is-required-! Specic-knowledge-in-electric-machines-is-not-required. Oral)Exams)20C30)min)in)English)language)

Ques/ons-regarding-understanding-of-principles,-context-knowledge,-equivalent-circuits,-basic-formulas;No-arithme/c-calcula/ons,-no-memorized-exact-numbers-(but-order-of-magnitudes-of-numbers!)-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

4-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

Professorship-of-Hybrid$Electrical$Vehicles$(HEV)at-the-InsAtute$of$Electrical$Engineering$(ETI)Prof.$Dr.=Ing.$MarAn$Doppelbauer$

EnergyConverter(HEV)PowerElectronics(ETI)-

ElectricDriveSystem-

Mechatronics-

Our-Mission:The)Electric)Drive)Train)

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

5-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

Professorship-of-Hybrid$Electrical$Vehicles$(HEV)at-the-InsAtute$of$Electrical$Engineering$(ETI)Prof.$Dr.=Ing.$MarAn$Doppelbauer$

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

6-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

Loca/onsTest*stands*
Oce*Building)

Campus-Ost-

ETI-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

7-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

Outline-

0. )Introduc1on)to)the)course)
1. Historical)Development)
2. Classica1on)
3. Examples)
3.1-Electric-Motors3.2-Applica/ons3.3-Transformers4. Standards)

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

8-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

0.-Overview-of-the-lecture-series-

Chapter-1: -ElectromagneAc$Basics$
Chapter-2: -Transformers$
Chapter-3: $Basics$of$RotaAng$Electric$Machines$
Chapter-4: -InducAon$MachinesChapter-5: -Mechanical$Transmission$Elements$
Chapter-6: -Drives$and$Driven$Load$
Chapter-7: -HeaAng$and$ProtecAon$
Chapter-8: -Synchronous$Machines$
Chapter-9: -Small$Motors$

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

9-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

0.-Overview-of-the-lecture-series-

Lectures-are-Mondays,-9:45--11:15-st,-kleiner-ETI-Hrsaal,-2nd-oor-ETIABuildingSpecial)date)lectures)are-Thursdays,-11:30--13:00-st,-EAS-Hrsaal,-2nd-oor-ETIABuildingExercises)are-Thursdays,-11:30--13:00-st,-Seminarraum,-1st-oor-ETIABuildingPlease-observe-announcements-at-our-website!Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

10-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

0.-Recommended-Literature-

H.-A.-Toliyat,-G.-B.-KlimanHandbook)of)Electric)Motors)
CRC-Press,-Taylor&Francis-Group,-2004T.-WildiElectrical)Machines,)Drives)and)Power)Systems)
Pren/ce-Hall,-2005J.R.-Hendershot,-T.-MillerDesign)of)Brushless)PermanentCMagnet)Motors)
Magna-Physics-Publishing-and-Oxford-University-Press,-1994P.L.-AlgerThe)Nature)of)Polyphase)Induc1on)Machines)
John-Wiley&Sons,-Inc.-and-Chapmann&Hall,-Ltd.,-1951Rolf-FischerElektrische)Maschinen)(German-language-only)Carl-Hanser-Verlag,-2009-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

11-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

1.-Historical-Development1800 -Allessandro-Volta)(Italian)-produces-a-con/nuous-electric-current.-1820--Hans-Chris/an-Oersted)(Denish)-nds-the-genera/on-of-a-magne/c-eld-by-electric-currents.1821--Michael-Faraday-(Bri/sh)-creates-two-experiments-for-the-demonstra/on-of-electromagne/c-rota/on.-A-ver/cally-suspended-wire-moves-in-a-circular-orbit-around-a-magnet.1822 -Peter-Barlow-(Bri/sh)-invents-a-spinning-wheel-(Barlows-wheel-=-homopolar-machine).1825 -William-Sturgeon-(Bri/sh)-invents-the-electromagnet.1831--Michael-Faraday)(Bri/sh)-discoveres-and-inves/gates-electromagne/c-induc/on,-i.e.-the-genera/on-of-an-electric-current-due-to-a-varying-magne/c-eld.-

Faradays-Rota/ng-Wire,-1821-

1832--Joseph-Henry-(USAAmerican)-builds-a-small-magne/c-rocker.1832 -Savatore-dal)Negro)(Italian)-builds-a-reciproca/ng-machine-(similar-to-a-clock).-

Peter-Barlows-Wheel,-1822-

Henrys-Rocker,-1832-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

Dal-Negros-Electric-Clock,-1832-

12-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

1.-Historical-Development1832--William-Ritchie-(Bri/sh)-invents-the-commutator.1832--Hippolyte-Pixii-(French)-builds-the-rst-electric-generator.1833 -Emil-Lenz-(German)-nds-the-law-of-reciprocity-of-motors-and-generators.
-1834--Moritz-Hermann-Jacobi)(Prussian/German)-builds-the-rst-true-electric-motor--worldwide.-It-is-an-axial-ux-D.C.-motor.-1837 -Thomas-Davenport)(US-American)-receives-the-rst-patent-on-his-construc/on-of-an--electric-motor-(which-has-only-1/3-of-the-power-of-Jacobis-machine).1839--Robert-Davidson)(Scossh)-builds-an-electrically-driven-train-with-a-switched-reluctance-motor.-1861A-James-Clark-Maxwell-(Bri/sh)-summarizes-all-current-knowledge-of-electromagne/sm-1864 -in-four-fundamental-equa/ons.-

Pixiis-First-Generator,-1832/33-

Jacobis-rst-Motor,-1834-

Davenports-Patent,-1837-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

Davidsons-Electric-Car,-1839-

13-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

1.-Historical-Development1856 -Werner-Siemens-(German)-is-the-rst-to-place-windings-into-slots-(DoubleAT-armature).1872A-Friedrich-von-HefnerCAlteneck)(German)-develops-the-anchor-drum-motor1875 -at-the-Siemens-company.1873 -Auguste-Pellerin-(French)-proposes-to-subdivide-the-iron-core-in-many-separate,-mutually-insulated-steel-sheets-to-reduce-eddy-current-losses.-

Anchor-Drum-Motor-by-HefnerAAlteneck-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

DoubleAT-armature-by-Siemens-

14-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

1.-Historical-Development1882A-Nikola-Tesla-(Croa/an)-invents-the-polyphaseAvoltage-system.-However,-Tesla-concentrates1889 -on-singleA-and-twoAphase-systems-and-despite-great-eorts-he-is-not-able-to-design-useful-motors.1888 -Friedrich-August-Haselwander)(German)-builds-the-rst-threeAphase-Synchronous-Generator.1889 -Michael-DolivoCDobrowolsky)(Russian)-builds-the-rst-squirrelAcage-induc/on-motor-(at-AEG-in-Berlin).-

Teslas-induc/on-motor-

First-squirrelAcage-induc/on-motorby-DolivoADobrowolsky-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

15-

First-threeAphase-synchronous-machineby-Haselwander-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

1.-Historical-Development1891--The-companies-AEG-(DolivoADobrowolsky)-and-Maschinenfabrik)Oerlikon))
)(Charles-E.L.-Brown)-build-the-rst-electrical-power-transmission-line-from-Lauen--at-the-river-Neckar--to-Frankfurt-at-the-river-Main-for-the-Interna/onal-Electrotechnical-Exhibi/on.
-(3Aphase,-max.-220-kW-power,-175-km,-up-to-25-kV).-It-required-3.000-poles,-9.000-oil-insulators-and-60-tons-of-copper-wire-(4-mm)More-Informa/on:hMp://
1896 -The-rst-USAamerican-power-transmission-line-www.e/.kit.edu/
-from-Niagara)Falls)to)Bualo)is-taken-into-service-english/1390.php-(build-by-Tesla-/-Wes/nghouse;-3Aphase,--max.-750-kW-power,-22-miles,-11-kV).-

Power-House-in-Lauen-at-the-river-Neckar,-1891-

Motor-at-the-Intl.-Electricity-Exhibi/on,-Frankfurt,-1891-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

16-

11-kV-Power-Line-Niagara-Falls-to-Bualo,-1897-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

2.-Classica/onRota/ng-FieldMachines-

Alterna/ng-FieldMaschines-

DCMachines-

The-magne/c-elds-ofstator-and-rotor-arerota/ng-at-the-samespeed-(synchronous)-or-the-rotor-follows-aliMle-slower(asynchronous).-

The-magne/c-elds-ofstator-and-rotor-areperpendicular-andlocally-xed,-but-theiramplitudes-pulsate.-

The-magne/c-elds-ofstator-and-rotor-areperpendicular,-locallyxed-and-have-aconstant-amplitude.-

Rotor-

Rotor-

Rotor-

Stator-

Stator-

Stator-

Brushless-rotor-eld-genera/onIntroduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

A-commutator-and-brushes-are-required-to-switchover-the-rotor-current-as-the-machine-rotates.-

17-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

2.-Classica/onRota/ng-FieldMachinesSpeed)varia1on))))))by-adjus/ng-Voltage-and-Frequency
-------------(Voltage/Frequency- -const.)Frequency ))----------50-Hz-(or-60-Hz)-for-xed-speed
-----------or-variable,-depending-on-speedVoltage
))))))))))))400-V-(or-480-V)-for-xed-speed
-------------------------------------or-variable,-depending-on-speed

Alterna/ng-FieldMaschines-

DCMachines-

------------by-adjus/ng-Voltage

-------------------------by-adjus/ng-Voltage-

----------------50-Hz-(or-60-Hz)

---------0-(D.C.)-

----------variable-from-0-to-Vmax--------------------------variable-from-0-to-Vmax------------depending-on-speed------------------------------depending-on-speed-

Rotor-

Rotor-

Rotor-

Stator-

Stator-

Stator-

Brushless-rotor-eld-genera/onIntroduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

A-commutator-and-brushes-are-required-to-switchover-the-rotor-current-as-the-machine-rotates.-

18-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

2.-Classica/onRota/ng-FieldMachines PMASynchronous-Machine(PMSM)* Current-excitedSynchronous-Machine(FESM) Induc/on-Machine-(ASM) Switched-ReluctanceMachine-(SRM) SynchronousAsinusoidalReluctance-Machine(SynRM)-

Alterna/ng-FieldMaschines-

Universal-Motors Railway-Motors-

DCMachines-

DC-Machine-

Rotor-

Rotor-

Rotor-

Stator-

Stator-

Stator-

*-When-a-PMSM-is-operated-with-blockAshaped-voltage-from-a-variable-voltage-DC-link,-then-the-combina/on-of-motor-and-electronics-is-some/mescalled-a-"brushless-DC-machine.-The-DC-voltage-determines-the-speed.-However,-all-threeAphase-machines-(including-induc/on-machines)-can-beoperated-in-this-way.-Furthermore,-the-magne/c-eld-of-BLDC-machines-is-rota/ng--unlike-a-DC-eld.-Therefore,-the-term-"BLDC"-is-nonsense.-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

19-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

2.-Classica/on--Most-Used-Types-

Rota1ng)Magne1c)Field)

Sta1c)Field)

Depending-on-the-nature-of-the-forceAgenera/ng-mechanism,-dierent-types-of-electrical-machines-can-bedis/nguished:"

DC)Machine:)Both-stator-and-rotor-elds-are-spa/ally-xed-due-to-the-excita/on-DC-current,-the-current-in-therotor-must-be-reversed-mechanically-(by-a-commutator).-Due-to-the-low-power-density,-high-produc/on-costsand-rela/vely-high-maintenance-costs,-DC-machines-are-not-commonly-used-in-higher-power-applica/ons-anymore.-They-are-very-frequently-used-in-low-power-applica/ons.-

"

Induc1on)Machine:)Stator-and-rotor-elds-have-a-constant-amplitude-and-areboth-rota/ng,-however-at-dierent-speeds-(asynchronously).-The-stator-eldinduces-voltages-in-the-rotor-that-drive-currents,-which-produce-the-rotor-eldand-ul/mately-a-rota/ng-force.-

"

Synchronous)Machine:)Stator-and-rotor-elds-have-a-constant-amplitude-andare-both-rota/ng-at-the-same-speed-(synchronously).-There-is-a-loaddependent-angle-between-both-elds-(load-angle).-The-rotor-eld-is-generatedby-a-winding-or-by-permanent-magnets.--

"

Synchronous)Reluctance)Machine:)Ferromagne/c-materials-are-pulled-toareas-of-higher-ux-density.-This-eect-is-based-on-the-dierent-magne/cresistances-(reluctance)-and-leads-to-the-development-of-rota/ng-forces.-

All-rota/ng-eld-machines-have-the-same-principle-stator-design.-Excep/on:-Single-toothwindings-can-only-be-used-for-synchronous-machines,-not-induc/on-machines.-Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

20-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

2.-Classica/on--Rota/ng-Field-Machines-

Synchronous-Machine-

Induc/on-Machine-

Both-types-of-machines-use-the-same-stator-arrangement-as-a-maMer-of-principle.-They-dier-only-by-their-rotor-design.The-stator-is-composed-of-a-laminated-iron-core-of-insulated-electric-sheets,-provided-with-a-threeAphase-winding-to-create-arota/ng-eld-revolving-with-n1-=-f/p.-The-lamina/ons-are-app.-0,5-mm-thick-and-insulated-against-each-other-to-prevent-eddy-currents.Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

21-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

2.-Classica/on--Voltage-and-Power-

Extra)Low)Voltage)(ELV))
below-50-Vup-to-app.-500-W-

Low)Voltage)(LV))
below-1000-Vup-to-app.-1000-kW-

High)Voltage)(HV*))

up-to-app.-15-kVup-to-app.-30-MW-/-300-MVA-

TurboCGenerators)
up-to-app.-27-kVup-to-app.-2200-MVA-

*-Actually-these-machines-are-Medium$Voltage$
since-High$Voltage$is-star/ng-at-110-kVQuelle:-----Faulhaber,-SEW-Eurodrive,-Siemens,-GE-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

22-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

2.-Classica/on--Produc/on-and-Energy-Consump/on130)Firmen,)48.400)Beschcigte,)10)Mrd.))Umsatz)
Weltweit)Nr.)1)beim)Export)von)Antriebstechnik)

Electric-Ligh/ngMechanical-EnergyProcess-HeatSpace-Hea/ngInf.-and-Comm.-Techn.-ICT-

Umsatzverteilung Antriebstechnik in Deutschland 2007

Stand 2006

9,8 %

48,7 %

Drehstrommotoren NS
Drehstrommotoren HS

21%

21%

Gleichstrommotoren
3%

27,4 %

Kleinmotoren
1%
18%
24%

12%

Number-of-Pieces-

Sonst. Mot., Zub., Teile

7,2 %
6,9 %
TradingIndustry- Transporta/on- HouseholdTotalCommerce-

Leistungselektronik
gesamt
Handelsprodukte,
Dienstleistungen

Turnover-in-Mio--

Installed-Power-in-Mrd.-kW-

Quelle:-ZVEI,-Sta/s/sches-Bundesamt,-A.G.-Energiebilanzen,-Stand-2005-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

23-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

3.1-Small-Motors-

6-mm-Motor(Werksbild-Faulhaber)-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

Air-gap-winding-

24-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

3.1-Small-Motors-

Setup-of-Drum-Motors-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

25-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

3.1-Small-Motors--Pump-drive-with-twoApole-motorTwoApole,-singleAphase-synchronous-magnet-motor-with-rotor-madeof-ferrite-(barium-or-stron/um).-To-support-the-startAup,-the-air-gapis-not-uniform.If-the-winding-is-not-energized,-the-polar-axis-is-oriented-roughlytoward-the-narrow-air-gap.-If-the-coil-is-switched-on,-the-rotorswings-lezAor-rightAaround.-SingleAphase-AC-motors-generate-analterna/ng-magne/c-eld-that-can-be-thought-of-as-a-superposi/onof-two-opposing-rota/ng-eld.-The-rotor-follows-one-of-these-eldswithin-one-or-a-few-periods-in-turn.-The-direc/on-of-rota/on-istherefore-not-clear,-which-can-be-a-disadvantage.Magnetic rotor
Stator lamination

Pump
Housing

Pole axis for

Statorwindings

Pump Wheel
Shaft

Canned Rotor
with gap

Principle sketch

Lower part of pump

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

26-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

3.1-Low-Voltage-Motors-

ThreePhase-Induc/on-Motor(Werksbild-SEW)-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

27-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

3.1-Low-Voltage-Motors-

SynchronAServo-motors(Werksbild-SEW)-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

28-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

3.1-Low-Voltage-Motors-

Binding-of-a-Magnet-Rotor(Werksbild-SEW)-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

29-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

3.1-Low-Voltage-Motors-

Linear-Synchronous-Motor(Werksbild-SEW)-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

30-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

3.1-Large-Machines-

Assembly-of-a-ring-motor-for-a-40Afoot-ironAore-millPN-=-20-MW,-UN-=-3,9-kV,-nN-=-9/min(Werksbild-Siemens)--------

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

31-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

3.1-Large-Machines-

Turbo-compressor-drive-with-magnet-bearings-for-natural-gas-produc/onPN-=-23-MW,-UN-=-2-x-3,6-kV,-speed-range-600--6300-/min(Werksbild-Siemens)Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

32-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

3.1-Large-Machines-

Shaz-and-wound-coild-of-the-inductorof-a-four-pole-turbo-generatorPsN-=-1500-MVAcos-N-=-0,8hN-=-98,8%UN-=-27-kVfN-=-50-Hzdirect-conductor-cooling-bywater-pipes-in-stator-and-rotor(Werksbilder-Siemens)Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

33-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

3.1-Large-Machines-

Stator-winding-overhang-of-a-turbo-generator-at-andazer-the-winding-processPsN-=-1500-MVAcos-N
-=-0,8hN
-=-98,8%UN
-=-27-kVfN
-=-50-Hzdirect-conductor-cooling-by-water-in-stator-and-rotor-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

World-record-of-some-2000-MVA-for-the-nnish-nuclearpower-plant-Olkiluoto-3.-Manufactured-by-Siemens-in-Mlheim.The-generator-weighs-some-900-tons.-

34-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

3.1-Large-MachinesRotor-of-a-brushless-excitedDiesel-generatorPsN-=-9,3-MVAcos-N-=------0,75UN-=---6,6-kVfN-=----50-Hz---------2p-=--------12(Werksbild-Siemens)-

Test-eld-assembly-of-a-large-dieselgeneratorPsN-=-39,1-MVAcos-N-=-0,8UN-=-10,5-kVfN-=-50-Hz2p
-=-56(Werksbild-AEG)Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

35-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

3.1-Large-MachinesPermanent-magnet-excitedsynchronous-motor-with-watercover-cooling-and-integratedpuls-rec/er-for-specialapplica/ons-(Werksbild-Siemens)-

Turnable-ship-propeller-drive-withpurely-surface-cooled,-permanentmagnet-excited-synchronous-motor(Werksbild-Siemens)Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

36-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

3.2-Examples-of-Applica/ons-

8)Bevel)geared)motors)with)11)kW)each)
Reduc/on-i=-1:481-(3-revolu/ons-per-minute)Torque-32.000-Nm-

Qi-Zhong-Centre-Court-Stadium-/-ShanghaiIntroduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

37-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

3.2-Examples-of-Applica/onsOpening-ceremony-of-the-2004-Olympic-Games-in-Athens-

Movement)of)a)20t)sculpture)with)72)lics)
-24-Helical-geared-motors-with-30-kW-each-48-Helical-geared-motors-with-22-kW-each-All-motors-equipped-with-a-special-design---dualAdisc-brakeIntroduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

38-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

3.2-Examples-of-Applica/onsSilver-Star,-Europapark-Rust-

-10-Drives-4-kW-Helical-Gear-Motors-18-Drives-2,2-kW-Helical-Gear-Motors-wih-Brakes-6-Drives-1,1-kW-Helical-Gear-Motors-with-Brakes-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

39-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

3.2-Examples-of-Applica/onsAir-port-logis/cs-

Airports)with)Gear)Motor)Drives)from)SEW)Eurodrive,)Bruchsal)
-Frankfurt-terminal-2-with-15.000-drives-over-60-km-distance-Dsseldorf-and-Kln-with-9.000-drives-each-...-worldwide-app-125.000-drives-in-more-than-100-projects-since-1998Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

40-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

3.2-Transverse-Carriage-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

41-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

3.2-Storage-Retrieval-System-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

42-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

3.2-Palle/zing--

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

43-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

3.2-Electric-Overhead-Conveyor-(EHB)and-Automa/c-Transport-System-(FTS)-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

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Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

3.2-Pressing-&-Flying-Saw-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

45-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

3.3-ThreeAPhase-Transformer-

100-kVA-threeAphase-transformer(Ortea)-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

150-MVA-threeAphase-transformer(ABB)-

46-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

3.3-ThreeAPhase-Transformer-

220-kV-Power-Transformer,-220-MVAOil-immerses-distribu/on-

10-kV,-2000-kVADry-type-transformer-

Source:-Union-Enterprise-Group-Ltd-

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

47-

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

International

4.-Standards-

IEC

CENELEC COPANT
Europa

Publicffentlich

Regional

international

...

Panamerika

ANSI

CSA

JIS

USA

Kanada

Japan

...

VIK

IEE

NEMA

IEEE

UL

England

USA

USA

USA

National

BSI
England

VDE
Deutschland

ZVEI

Deutschland Deutschland

Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

48-

...

Elektrotechnisches-Ins/tut-(ETI)Lehrstuhl-Hybridelektrische-Fahrzeuge-

Associa/onsVerbnde

DKE
Deutschland

4.-Standards-IIThe-IEC-(Interna/onal-Electrotechnical-Commission)-is-an-interna/onal-standards-organiza/on-in-the-eld-of-electrical-engineeringand-electronics.-Their-standards-are-the-basis-for-regional-(eg-European)-and-na/onal-standards.-The-IEC-was-founded-in-1906-inLondon-and-is-headquartered-in-Geneva,-Switzerland,-today.-Members-of-the-IEC-can-only-be-na/ons,-not-individuals-ororganiza/ons.-Currently-162-countries-are-organized-in-the-IEC-(including-81-as-members-and-81-observers).-They-all-have-an-equalvoice-in-decisions-and-vo/ngs.The-preparatory-work-for-the-IEC-is-conducted-in-na/onal-commiMees-(VDE/DKE-in-Germany,-for-example).-There-are-over-6000standards-handled-by-more-than-1000-working-groups.-The-WGs-are-organized-in-174-technical-commiMees-(TCs).-TC2-is-engaged-in-electric-motors-and-was-founded-in-1910.-Power-electronics-are-handled-in-TC22.-

CENELEC-(Comit-Europen-de-Normalisa/on-Electrotechnique)-is-in-some-ways-a-European-mirror-of-the-IEC.-Members-arecurrently-32-European-countries-plus-11-observers-from-neighboring-regions.-There-are-working-groups-TC2-and-TC22-for-motorsand-power-electronics,-however,-they-hardly-create-their-own-standards,-but-rather-use-essen/ally-the-IEC-standards-A-some/meswith-slight-modica/ons.-

The-DKE-(German-Commission-for-Electrical,-Electronic-&-Informa/on-Technologies-of-DIN-and-VDE)-is-the-German-na/onalorganiza/on-for-the-development-of-standards-in-the-eld-of-electrical-engineering.-It-is-the-German-member-of-the-IEC-andCENELEC.Power-electronics-are-processed-in-Department-2-(K226)-and-electrical-machines-in-Department-3-(K311).-For-specic-issues,-thereare-subAcommiMees-(UK311.1-A-Low-Voltage-Motors)-and-working-groups-(AK311.0.x).-The-K311-looks-back-on-a-long-tradi/on.-Theoriginal-commission-for-electrical-machines-in-VDE-was-founded-in-1900,-several-years-before-the-founding-of-the-IEC-and-TC2.Introduc)on*
Prof.-Dr.AIng.-Mar/n-Doppelbauer-

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