AccountingInformationSystems, 6th edition

JamesA.Hall

COPYRIGHT 2009 South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning. Cengage Learning and South-Western
are trademarks used herein under license

ObjectivesforChapter4
y Tasks performed in the revenue cycle, regardless of the
technology used
y Functional departments in the revenue cycle and the flow
of revenue transactions through the organization
y Documents, journals, and accounts needed for audit
trails, records, decision making, and financial reporting
y Risks associated with the revenue cycle and the controls
that reduce these risks
y The operational and control implications of technology
used to automate and reengineer the revenue cycle

TheConceptualSystem
Overview of Revenue Cycle Activities
y Three process in revenue cycle for most retail,
wholesale & manufacturing organizations:
y Sales order procedure
y Sales return procedure
y Cash receipt procedure

Sales Order
1
Credit / Customer
Service
2

REVENUE CYCLE
(SUBSYSTEM)
Cash Receipts/
Collections
6

Shipping
3

Billing/ Accounts
Receivable
4/5

RevenueCycleDatabases
y Masterfiles
y customermasterfile
y accountsreceivablemaster

file
y merchandiseinventorymaster
file

y TransactionandOpen
DocumentFiles
y salesordertransactionfile
y

opensalesordertransaction
file

y salesinvoicetransactionfile
y cashreceiptstransactionfile

OtherFiles
shippingandpricedata
referencefile
creditreferencefile(maynot
beneeded)
salespersonfile(maybea
masterfile)
Saleshistoryfile
cashreceiptshistoryfile
accountsreceivablereportsfile

DFDofSalesOrderProcess

JournalVouchers/Entries
Howdowegetthem?
y BillingDepartment preparesajournalvoucher:
AccountsReceivable
Sales

DR
CR

y InventoryControl Dept.preparesajournal
voucher:
CostofGoodsSold
Inventory

DR
CR

y CashReceipts preparesajournalvoucher:
Cash

DR
AccountsReceivable

CR

SalesOrderProcessFlowchart

SalesOrderProcessFlowchart

ManualSalesOrderProcessing
y Beginswithacustomerplacinganorder
y Thesalesdepartmentcapturestheessentialdetailsona
salesorderform.
y Thetransactionisauthorizedbyobtainingcredit
approvalbythecreditdepartment.
y Salesinformationisreleasedto:
y Billing
y Warehouse(stockreleaseorpickingticket)
y Shipping(packingslipandshippingnotice)

ManualSalesOrderProcessing
y ThemerchandiseispickedfromtheWarehouseand
senttoShipping.
y Stockrecordsareadjusted.
y Themerchandise,packingslip,andbillofladingare
preparedbyShippingandsenttothecustomer.
y Shippingreconcilesthemerchandisereceivedfromthe
Warehousewiththesalesinformationonthepackingslip.
y ShippinginformationissenttoBilling.Billingcompiles
andreconcilestherelevantfactsandissuesaninvoiceto
thecustomerandupdatesthesalesjournal.Information
istransferredto:
y AccountsReceivable(A/R)
y InventoryControl

ManualSalesOrderProcessing
y A/Rrecordstheinformationinthecustomersaccountin
theaccountsreceivablesubsidiaryledger.
y InventoryControladjuststheinventorysubsidiaryledger.
y Billing,A/R,andInventoryControlsubmitssummary
informationtotheGeneralLedgerdept.,whichthen
reconcilesthisdataandpoststothecontrolaccountsin
theG/L.

SalesReturnsProcedures
y Thecompanyshippedthecustomerthewrong
merchandise.
y Thegoodsweredefective.
y Theproductwasdamageinshipment.
y Thebuyerrefuseddeliverybecausethesellershippedthe
goodstoolateortheyweredelayedintransit.

DFDofSalesReturns

SalesReturnsFlowchart

SalesReturnJournalEntry
G/Lpoststhefollowingtocontrolaccounts:

InventoryControl
SalesReturnsandAllowances
CostofGoodsSold
AccountsReceivableControl

DR
DR
CR
CR

DFDofCashReceiptsProcesses

CashReceiptsFlowchart

ManualCashReceiptsProcesses
y Customerchecksandremittanceadvicesarereceived
intheMailRoom.
Amailroomclerkpreparesacashprelistandsendsthe
prelistandthecheckstoCashReceipts.
y ThecashprelistisalsosenttoA/RandtheController.
y

y CashReceipts:
verifiestheaccuracyandcompletenessofthechecks
y updatesthecashreceiptsjournal
y preparesadepositslip
y preparesajournalvouchertosendtoG/L
y

ManualCashReceiptsProcesses
y A/Rpostsfromtheremittanceadvicestothe
accountsreceivablesubsidiaryledger.
y Periodically,asummaryofthepostingsissentto

G/L.

y G/Ldepartment:
y reconcilesthejournalvoucherfromCashReceipts

withthesummariesfromA/R
y updatesthegeneralledgercontrolaccounts

y TheControllerreconcilesthebankaccounts.

SummaryofInternalControls

AuthorizationControls
y Properauthorizationoftransactions
(documentation)shouldoccursothatonlyvalid
transactionsgetprocessed.
y Withintherevenuecycle,authorizationshouldtake
placewhen:
asaleismadeoncredit(authorization)
y acashrefundisrequested(authorization)
y postingacashpaymentreceivedtoacustomersaccount
(cashprelist)
y

SegregationofFunctions
ThreeRules
1.
2.
3.

Transactionauthorizationshouldbeseparatefrom
transactionprocessing.
Assetcustodyshouldbeseparatefromassetrecord
keeping.
Theorganizationshouldbesostructuredthatthe
perpetrationofafraudrequirescollusionbetween
twoormoreindividuals.

SegregationofFunctions
y SalesOrderProcessing
y creditauthorizationseparatefromSOprocessing
y inventorycontrolseparatefromwarehouse
y accountsreceivablesubledgerseparatefromgeneral
ledgercontrolaccount
y CashReceiptsProcessing
y cashreceiptsseparatefromaccountingrecords
y accountsreceivablesubledgerseparatefromgeneral
ledger

Supervision
y Oftenusedwhenunabletoenact

appropriatesegregationofduties.
y Supervisionofemployeesservesasa
deterrenttodishonestactsandis
particularlyimportantinthemailroom.

AccountingRecords
y Withaproperlymaintainedaudittrail,itis
possibletotracktransactionsthroughthesystems
andtofindwhereandwhenerrorsweremade:
y
y
y
y
y

prenumberedsourcedocuments
specialjournals
subsidiaryledgers
generalledger
files

AccessControls
y Accesstoassetsandinformation(accountingrecords)
shouldbelimited.
y Withintherevenuecycle,theassetstoprotectare
cash andinventories andaccesstorecordssuchasthe
accountsreceivablesubsidiaryledger andcashjournal
shouldberestricted.

IndependentVerification
y Physicalproceduresaswellasrecordkeepingshouldbe
independentlyreviewedatvariouspointsinthesystemto
checkforaccuracyandcompleteness:

shippingverifiesthegoodssentfromthewarehouseare
correctintypeandquantity
y warehousereconcilesthestockreleasedocument(picking
slip)andpackingslip
y billingreconcilestheshippingnoticewiththesalesinvoice
y generalledgerreconcilesjournalvouchersfrombilling,
inventorycontrol,cashreceipts,andaccountsreceivable
y

AutomatingtheRevenueCycle
y Authorizationsanddataaccesscanbeperformed
throughcomputerscreens.
y Thereisadecreaseintheamountofpaper.
y Themanualjournalsandledgersarechangedto
diskortapetransactionandmasterfiles.
y Inputisstilltypicallyfromahardcopydocument
andgoesthroughoneormorecomputerized
processes.
y Processesstoredatainelectronicfiles(thetapeor
disk)orpreparedataintheformofahardcopy
report.

AutomatingtheRevenueCycle
y Revenuecycleprogramscaninclude:
y formattedscreensforcollectingdata
y editchecksonthedataentered
y instructionsforprocessingandstoringthedata
y securityprocedures(passwordsoruserIDs)
y stepsforgeneratinganddisplayingoutput
y Tounderstandfiles,youmustconsidertherecorddesign
andlayout.
y Thedocumentsandthefilesusedasinputsourcesmust
containthedatanecessarytogeneratetheoutputreports.

ComputerBasedAccountingSystems
y CBAStechnologycanbeviewedasacontinuumwith
twoextremes:

y automation usetechnologytoimprove

efficiencyandeffectiveness
y reengineering usetechnologyto
restructurebusinessprocessesandfirm
organization

Example:AutomatedBatchSales

ReengineeringSalesOrderProcessingUsing
RealTimeTechnology
y Manualproceduresandphysicaldocumentsarereplaced
byinteractivecomputerterminals.
y Realtimeinputandoutputoccurs,withsomemaster
filesstillbeingupdatedusingbatches.
y Realtime entryofcustomerorder,printoutofstock
release,packingslipandbilloflading;updateofcredit
file,inventoryfile,andopensalesordersfile
y Batch printoutofinvoice,updateofclosedsales
order(journal),accountsreceivableandgeneralledger
controlaccount

RealtimeSalesOrder

AdvantagesofRealTime
Processing
y Shortensthecashcycleofthefirmbyreducingthetime
betweentheorderdateandbillingdate
y Betterinventorymanagementwhichcanleadtoa
competitiveadvantage
y Fewerclericalerrors,reducingincorrectitemsbeing
shippedandbilldiscrepancies
y Reducestheamountofexpensivepaperdocumentsand
theirstoragecosts

ReengineeredCashReceipts
y Themailroom isafrequenttargetforreengineering.
y Companiessendtheircustomerspreprintedenvelopes
andremittanceadvices.
y Uponreceipt,theseenvelopesarescannedtoprovidesa
controlprocedureagainsttheft.
y Machinesareopentheenvelopes,scanremittance
advicesandchecks,andseparatethechecks.
y Artificialintelligencemaybeusedtoreadhandwriting,
suchasremittanceamountsandsignatures.

AutomatedCashReceipts

PointofSaleSystems
y Pointofsalesystemsareusedextensivelyinretail
establishments.
y Customerspicktheinventoryfromtheshelvesandtakethemtoa

cashier.

DailyProcedure
y Theclerkscanstheuniversalproductcode(UPC).The
POSsystemisconnectedtoaninventoryfile,wherethe
priceanddescriptionareretrieved.
y Theinventorylevelsareupdatedandreorderneedscan

immediatelybedetected.

PointofSaleSystems
y Thesystemcomputestheamountdue.
Paymentiseithercash,check,ATMorcredit
cardinmostcases.
y

Noaccountsreceivables

y Ifchecks,ATMorcreditcardsareused,anon
linelinktoreceiveapprovalisnecessary.

PointofSaleSystems
EndofdayProcedure
y Attheendoftheday oracashiersshift,themoneyand
receiptsinthedrawerarereconciledtotheinternalcash
registertapeoraprintoutfromthecomputersdatabase.
y Cashoverandundermustberecorded

y JournalvoucherpostedtoGLaccount:
Cash
DR
CashOver/Short
DR
A/R(creditcard)
DR
COGS
DR
Sales
Inventory

CR
CR

ComputerizedPOS

ReengineeringUsingEDI
y EDIhelpstoexpeditetransactions.
y Thecustomerscomputer:
determinesthatinventoryisneeded
y selectsasupplierwithwhomthebusinesshasaformal
businessagreement
y dialsthesupplierscomputerandplacestheorder
y

y Theexchangeiscompletelyautomated.
y

Nohumaninterventionormanagement

EDI System
Company B

Company A
Application
Software

Purchases
System

Sales Order
System

EDI
Translation
Software

EDI
Translation
Software

Direct Connection
Communications
Software

Communications
Software
Other
Mailbox
Company
As mailbox

VAN
Other
Mailbox

Company
Bs mailbox

Application
Software

ReengineeringUsingthe
Internet
y Typically,noformalbusinessagreementsexistasthey
doinEDI.
y Mostordersaremadewithcreditcards.
y Mainlydonewithemailsystems,andthusa
turnaroundtimeisnecessary
y Intelligentagentsareneededtoeliminatethistimelag.
y Securityandcontroloverdataisaconcernwith
Internettransactions.

CBASControlConsiderations
y Authorization inrealtimesystems,authorizations
areautomated
y Programmeddecisionrulesmustbecloselymonitored.
y SegregationofFunctions consolidationoftasksby
thecomputeriscommon
y Protectthecomputerprograms
y Coding,processing,andmaintenanceshouldbe
separated.

CBASControlConsiderations
y Supervision inPOSsystems,thecashregisters
internaltapeordatabaseisanaddedformof
supervision
y AccessControl magneticrecordsarevulnerableto
bothauthorizedandunauthorizedexposureandshould
beprotected
y Musthavelimitedfileaccessibility
y Mustsafeguardandmonitorcomputerprograms

CBASControlConsiderations
y AccountingRecords restonreliabilityand
securityofstoreddigitalizeddata
Accountantsshouldbeskepticalabouttheaccuracyof
hardcopyprintouts.
y Backups thesystemneedstoensurethatbackupsof
allfilesarecontinuouslykept
y

y IndependentVerification consolidating
accountingtasksunderonecomputerprogram
canremovetraditionalindependentverification
controls.Tocounterthisproblem:
y
y

performbatchcontrolbalancingaftereachrun
producemanagementreportsandsummariesforend
userstoreview

PCBasedAccountingSystems
y Usedbysmallfirmsandsomelargedecentralizedfirms
y Allowoneorfewindividualstoperformentire
accountingfunction
y Mostsystemsaredividedintomodulescontrolledbya
menudrivenprogram:
y generalledger
y inventorycontrol
y payroll
y cashdisbursements
y purchasesandaccountspayable
y cashreceipts
y salesorder

PCControlIssues
y SegregationofDuties tendtobeinadequateand
shouldbecompensatedforwithincreased
supervision,detailedmanagementreports,and
frequentindependentverification
y AccessControl accesscontrolstothedatastored
onthecomputertendstobeweak;methodssuchas
encryptionanddisklockingdevicesshouldbeused
y AccountingRecords computerdiskfailurescause
datalosses;externalbackupmethodsneedtobe
implementedtoallowdatarecovery

InternalControl
Risk Exposures in the Revenue Cycle - I
Risk

Exposure

1) Credit sales made to customers

who represent poor credit risks

1) Losses from bad debts

2) Unrecorded or unbilled shipments

2) Losses of revenue; overstatement

of inventory and understatement of
accounts receivable in the balance
sheet
3) Alienation of customers and
possible loss of future sales; losses of
revenue

3) Errors in preparing sales invoices

Figure 12-22

RiskExposuresintheRevenue
Cycle II
Risk

Exposure

4) Misplacement of orders from

customers or unfilled backorders

4) Losses of revenue and alienation of

customers

5) Incorrect posting of sales to

accounts receivable records

5) Incorrect balances in accounts

receivable and general ledger account
records
6) Overstatement of revenue in one
year (year of premature booking) and
understatement of revenue in the next

6) Posting of revenues to wrong

accounting periods, such as
premature booking of revenues

Figure 12-22 (continued)

RiskExposuresintheRevenue
Cycle III
Risk

Exposure

7) Fictitious credit sales to nonexistent Overstatement of revenues and

customers
accounts receivable
8) Excessive sales returns and
allowances with certain of the credit
memos being for fictitious returns
9) Theft or misplacement of finished
goods in the warehouse or on the
shipping dock

Figure 12-22 (continued)

8) Losses in net revenue, with the

proceeds from subsequent payments
by affected customers being
fraudulently pocketed
9) Losses in revenue; overstatement of
inventory on the balance sheet

RiskExposuresintheRevenue
Cycle IV
Risk

Exposure

10) Fraudulent write-offs of customers 10) Understatement of accounts

accounts by unauthorized persons
receivable; losses of cash receipts
when subsequent collections on
written-off accounts are
misappropriated by perpetrators of the
fraud
11) Theft (skimming) of cash receipts, 11) Losses of cash receipts;
especially currency, by persons
overstatement of accounts receivable
involved in the processing; often
in the subsidiary ledger and the
accompanied by omitted postings to
balance sheet
affected customers accounts
12) Lapping of payments from
12) Losses of cash receipts; incorrect
customers when amounts are posted account balances for those customers
to accounts receivable records
whose records are involved in the
lapping
Figure 12-22 (continued)

RiskExposuresintheRevenue
Cycle V
Risk

Exposure

13) Accessing of accounts receivable,

merchandise inventory, and other
records by unauthorized persons
14) Involvement of cash, merchandise
inventory, and accounts receivable
records in natural or human-made
disasters
15) Planting of virus by disgruntled
employee to destroy data on magnetic
media

13) Loss of security over such records,

with possibly detrimental use made of
the data accessed
14) Losses of or damages to assets

Figure 12-22 (continued)

15) Loss of customer accounts

receivable data needed to monitor
collection of amounts from previous
sales

RiskExposuresintheRevenue
Cycle VI
Risk

Exposure

16) Interception of data transmittal

between customers and the web site

16) Loss of data which may be used to

the detriment of customers

17) Unauthorized viewing and

alteration of other customer account
data via the Web
18) Denial by a customer that an
online order was placed after the
transaction is processed

17) Loss of security over customer

records resulting in misstatement of
accounts receivable balances
18) Loss of sales revenues

Figure 12-22 (continued)

RiskExposuresintheRevenue
Cycle VII
Risk

Exposure

19) Use of stolen credit cards to place 19) Loss of shipped goods for which
orders via the Web
payments will not be received
20) Breakdown of the web server due
to unexpectedly high volume of
transactions

Figure 12-22 (continued)

20) Loss of sales revenues and

alienation of customers

TypicalControlObjectives fortheRevenueCycle
y Semua customeryangditerima untuk creditsalesadalah credit
worthy
y Semua barang yangdipesan dikirim dan semua jasa
dilaksanakan sesuai dengan tanggal yangdisetujui oleh semua
pihak.
y Semua barang yangdikirim diotorisasi dan ditagih Allshipped
goodsareauthorizeddan ditagih sesuai dengan periode
akuntansi yangtepat.
y Semua salesreturnsandallowancesdiotorisasi dan dicatat
dengan teliti dan berdasarkan actualreturnofgoods
y Semua cashreceiptsdicatat dengan lengkap dan akurat.
y Semua creditsalesdan transaksi cashreceiptstransactions
diposting ke customers accountsyangtepat pada accounts
receivableledger
y Semua accountingrecords,merchandiseinventory,
andcashdilindungi.

GeneralControlsofthe
RevenueCycle I
y OrganizationalControls
y Unitunitdengan fungsi kustodian harus dijaga agar
terpisah satu samalain.
y Fungsi kustodian harus dipisah dari fungsi record
keeping.
y Untuk sistem yangdikomputerisasi,pengembangan
sistem harus dijaga agarterpisah dari operasioperasi
sistem.

GeneralControlsoftheRevenueCycle II
y DocumentationControls
y Dokumentasi yanglengkap dan uptodateharus tersedia
termasuk didalamnya adalah salinan dokumen,
flowcharts,recordlayouts,dan laporan.
y Programuntuk editdan proses salesdan cashreceipt
harus diorganisasikan ke buku atau paket terpisah yang
ditujukan ke masingmasing programer,komputer
operator,dan systemuser.
y Kebijakan manajemen yangberhubungan dengan credit
approvals,accountwriteoff,dsb harus dalam bentuk
tertulis.

GeneralControlsoftheRevenueCycle II
y AssetAccountabilityControls
y A/Rsubsidiaryledger(masterfile)harus sering direkonsiliasi
dengan A/Rcontrolaccountdi GL.
y Merchandiseinventoryrecordharus dijaga pada ledgerdan
direkonsiliasi secara periodik ke merchandiseinventory
controlaccount
y Bankreconciliation,harus dibandingkan balancepada bank
accountdengan cashaccountbalancedi GL.
y Petugas bagian pengiriman yangmenyetujui penerimaan
orderdan pengambilan barang dari gudang dengan
menandatangani stockrequestatau shippingorder.
y Mailroomclerkyangmenyiapkan daftar semua receive
remittances.
y Customeryangmereview monthlystatementdari salesdan
paymentsuntuk jumlahjumlah yangsalah.

GeneralControlsoftheRevenueCycle II
y ManagementPracticeControls
Kebijakan manajemen yangberhubungan dengan revenue
cycleyangharus ditetapkan dan diikuti adalah sbb:

Pegawai (programer dan akuntan harus dilatih dengan

hatihati),pegawai yangmenangani kas harus diikat

dengan surat perjanjian.
Perubahan dan pengembangan sistem harus melalui
prosedur yangjelas yangmelibatkan priorapprovals,
testing,dan signoffs.
Auditterhadap prosedur dan kebijakan salesdan cash
receiptharus dilakukan.
Manajer harus melakukan reviewperiodicanalyses,
controlsummaries,dan laporanlaporan tentang aktivitas
accountdan computerapprovedtransactions.

GeneralControlsoftheRevenueCycle II
y DataCenterOperationsControls
y Jadwal pemrosesan komputer untuk salesdan cashreceipts
batchesharus ditetapkan dengan jelas.
y Sistem informasi dan pegawai bagian akuntansi harus diawasi
secara aktif dan pekerjaannya direview dengan bantuan
computerprocessingcontrolreportsdan accesslogs.
y AuthorizationControls
y Semua transaksi creditsales(atau serviceorder)harus
diotorisasi oleh manajer kedit.Pada sistem yang
dikomputerisasi otorisasi dilakukan dengan programaplikasi
yangdibagun dengan aturan persetujuan kredit.
y Manajer tidak terlibat dalam pengolahan salesatau pada A/R.
y Salinan permintaan barang dari salesorderharus mengotorisasi
pengambilan barang dari gudang dan pemindahan barang ke
shippingdock.

GeneralControlsoftheRevenueCycle III
y AccessControls
y Berikan passwordpada petugas yangdiberi otorisasi untuk

mengakses A/Rdan filefileyangberhubungan dengan

customer,untuk melaksanakan tugastugas yangtelah
ditentukan.
y Batasi terminalterminaluntuk melaksanakan fungsifungsi

yangberhubungan dengan transaksi salesdan cashreceipts.

y Catat semua transaksi salesandcashreceiptke sistem.
y Seringseringlah mengeluarkan masterfileA/Rdan

merchandiseinventoryke magnetictapebackups
y Lindungi gudang dan lemari besi secara fisik.
y Gunakan lockboxcollectionsystempada situasi yangfeasible.

ApplicationControlsofthe
RevenueCycle:Input I
1. Siapkan prenumbereddocumentsdan dokumen yang
dirancang dengan baik untuk dokumen sales,
shipping,andcashreceipts,masingmasing dokumen
diotorisasi oleh orang yangberwenang.
2. Validasi datasalesordersdan remittanceadvices
seperti datayangdisiapkan dan dimasukkan untuk
pengolahan.Pada computerbasedsystems,validasi
harus dilaksanakan dengan sarana programeditcheck.
Saat datadimasukkan ke computerreadablemedium,
keyverification dicocokkan.

ApplicationControlsofthe
RevenueCycle:Input II
3. Betulkan kesalahan yangterdeteksi selama dataentry
dan sebelum datadiposting ke recordrecord
customerdan inventory.
4. Precompute batchcontroltotalsyangberhubungan
dengan datapenting pada salesinvoices(atau
shippingnotices)dan remittanceadvices.
Precomputed batchcontroltotalshaus dibandingkan
dengan totalsyangdihitung selama postingke
accountsreceivableledgerdan setiap kaliprocessing
run.Pada cashreceipts,totalpada remittanceadvices
harus dibandingkan dengan totalpada depositslips.

ApplicationControlsoftheRevenue
Cycle:Processing I
Pindahkan barang yangdipesan dari gudang barang jadi
(finishedgoodswarehouse)dan kirim barangbarang hanya
berdasarkan otorisasi tertulis seperti stockrequestcopies
2. Invoicecustomershanya diberiahukan oleh bagian
pengiriman atas jumlah yangtelah dikirimkan.
3. Pengeluaran creditmemosuntuk salesreturnshanya jika
disertai bukti (seperti receivingreport)telah diterima bhwa
barang memang benarbenar dikembalikan.
4. Periksa semua perhitungan pada salesinvoicessebelum
dikirim dan diposting ke customers accountsyangtepat.
Bandingkan salesinvoicesdengan shippingnoticesandopen
orders,untuk meyakinkan nahwa jumlah yangdipesan
direkonsiliasi dengan orderyangdikirim dan backordered.
1.

ApplicationControlsoftheRevenue
Cycle:Processing II
Periksa bahwa jumlah totalyangdiposting ke accounts
receivableaccounts dari batchtransaksi samadengan
precomputed batchtotals,dan postingjumlah totalke
generalledgeraccountsyangtepat.
6. Depositokan semua kash yangditerima lengkap dengan
minimumofdelay,sehingga menghilangkan
kemungkinan cashreceiptsyangsedang digunakan
untuk membayar pegawai atau untuk membayar petty
cashfunds.
7. Betulkan kesalahan yangdibuat selama tahapan
pengolahan biasanya dengan membalik kesalahan
postingke perkiraan dan masukan datayangbenar.
Audittrailyangberhubungan dengan perkiraan yang
dikoreksi akan menunjukkan kesalahan aslinya,the
reversals,andthecorrections
5.

ApplicationControlsoftheRevenue
Cycle:Output
Siapkan monthlystatements,yangharus diposkan ke
semua creditcustomers,terutama jika pendekatan
balanceforward digunakan.
2. Salinan filedari semua dokumen yangberkaitan
dengan transaksi salesdan cashreceiptsdicek secara
periodik dengan urutan nomor pada tiap fileuntuk
melihat celah yangada.Jika transaksi tidak didukung
dengan preprinteddocuments,seperti yangsering
terjadi pada onlinecomputerbasedsystems,tandai
nomor transaksi ke transactions.
3. Siapkan daftar transaksi yangdicetak dan account
summariespada periodicbasisuntuk menyediakan
audittraildan dasar untuk review.
1.

WebSecurityProcedures
y Authentication,useridentificationnumberdan password
dibutuhkan untuk akses ke privatenetwork.
y Authorization
y UseofanAccessControlList
y Accountability,untuk menetapkan tanggung jawab atas
segala modifikasi pada WebsitesWebsercer logharus
dipelihara.
y DataTransmission,untuk menjaga kerahasiaan dan
integritas datayangdikirim viaWebharus menggunakan
enkripsi.
y DisasterContingency&RecoveryPlan,
y Diperlukan prosedur backupyangcukup termasuk fault
toleranceuntuk meminimalkan gangguan yangtidak
diharapkan.
y Recoveryplandirencanakan untuk meyakinkan rekonstruksi
dari datayanghilang.