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IP ADDRESS: An IP address (Internet Protocol Address ) is a Unique address that


certain electronic devices currently use in order to identify and communicate
with each other on a computer network.

Public IP Addresses

For a computer to be visible on the Internet, it must be reachable through a public IP


address. The IANA assigns ranges of public IP addresses to organizations that can then
assign IP addresses within those ranges to individual computers. This prevents multiple
computers from having the same IP address.
The public IP address for your Windows XP Professional–based computer can be
assigned through a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server available in
your enterprise network, configured manually, or provided by an Internet service provider
(ISP) through a dial-up connection.

Authorized Private IP Addresses

The IANA has reserved a certain number of IP addresses that are never used on the
global Internet. These private IP addresses are used for networks that do not want to
directly connect to the Internet but nevertheless require IP connectivity. For example, a
user wanting to connect multiple Windows XP Professional–based computers in a home
network can use the Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) feature to allow each
computer to automatically assign itself a private IP address. The user does not need to
configure an IP address for each computer, nor is a DHCP server needed. For more
information about APIPA, see “Types of IP Address Assignment” later in this chapter.
Computers on a network using authorized private IP addressing can connect to the
Internet through the use of another computer with either proxy or network address
translator (NAT) capabilities. Windows XP Professional includes the Internet Connection
Sharing (ICS) feature that provides NAT services to clients in a private network. For
more information about Internet Connection Sharing, see Chapter 25, “Connecting
Remote Offices.”

Unauthorized Private IP Addresses

It is possible, when there is an absolute certainty that your network will never access the Internet,
to assign to a node a 32-bit unauthorized private IP address of your choosing. Keep in mind that if
any Internet connectivity is ever established with any node on your network, these unauthorized
private IP addresses could generate significant problems that would require you to immediately
change the IP address of every node that you had assigned in this manner

IP ADDRESS PURPOSE:

1. To identify Computer on the WAN.


2. Router take decision on the IP Address.

Note: IP Address 32 bit address (4 Octals Binary 1 Octals = 8bit)


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IP ADDRESS PORSTIONS:

Divide into two porstions.


1. Network Portion (Each network has it’s own address calld network. The addres in which
all host protion are to zero)
2. Host Portion.

IP CLASSES:

1. class A. (0----127) ------------N.H.H.H


2. Class B (128----191)---------N.N.H.H
3. Class C (192----223)---------N.N.N.H
4. Class D ------ Used for multicasting.
5. Class E--------Used for Research purposes

SUBNET MASK ADDRESS:

The address which helps computer to identify the network and the host porstion in an IP
address.will be put zero.

Example 1:
170.240.70.1 What
• Class? It’s Class B.
• No of Network, Host? N.N.H.H
• Subnit mask ? 255.255.0.0
• Host addrss? 170.240.70.1
• Network address.? 170.240.0.0 ( the host Porstion will be = 0 )

Exampl 2:
199.100.255.0 What is
• Class? C.
• Subnetmask ? 255.255.255.0
• Network address ? 199.100.255.0
• Host address ? 199.100.150.0

Example 3:
125.0.0.0 what is
• Class ? A
• No of host in network in Class A ? N.H.H.H
• Subnetmask ? 255.0.0.0
• Network Address ? 125.0.0.0
• Host Address ? 125.100.1.10 ( We can change host any time for same network)
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Cabling: Physical Connectivity.


Cabling Are of three types?
1. Cross . (Pc to Pc Connection, Switch to switch, Hub to hub, hub to switch,
Switch to hub etc..will be connecting by straight cable)

IEEE Standerd Side 1.


• White.Orange.
• Orange.
• White.Green
• Blue.
• W.Blue.
• Green.
• White Brown.
• Brown.

Side 2..(Cross cabling)


• White.Green.
• Green.
• White.Orange.
• Blue.
• White.Blue.
• Orange.
• White.Brown.
• Brown.

2. Roll (Pc to router, for configuration Purpose )


IEEE Standerd Side 1.
• White.Orange.
• Orange.
• White.Green
• Blue.
• W.Blue.
• Green.
• White Brown.
• Brown.
Side 2 is Roll Over IEEE Standerd.
• Brown.
• White.Brown.
• Green.
• White.blue
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• Blue
• White.Green
• Orange.
• White.Orange.

3. Straight Cabling: (A pc with swith, A pc with Hub, A switch with router, Hub
with rounter etc.)

IEEE Standerd Side 1.


• White.Orange.
• Orange.
• White.Green
• Blue.
• W.Blue.
• Green.
• White Brown.
• Brown.
And straight cable both side will be the same manner of IEEE standerd.

Where to find IP and DNS Numbers

In Win 95/98/Me, click on start -> run, and enter WINIPCFG. This will reveal a drop-
down which displays the various installed network adapters. TCP/IP configuration info
will be displayed for each selected device.

In Win NT/XP/2000, click on start -> run , and enter CMD which will reveal the Command
(or DOS) Screen. Type IPCONFIG /ALL and hit Enter, and the TCP/IP info will appear
as per the figure below:
Note: if this returns an IP address starting with '169', it means the computer has not
been dynamically allocated an IP address and will default to a 169.x.x.x address. This is
the case if you don't have a working connection to the Internet.

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