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1 Introduction
The test for shunt reactors loss measurement is done
by using large capacitors (which are very expensive
because of their large number and also for their
large maintenance expenses). There might be cases
when a testing laboratory can not perform loss
measurement for these shunt reactors because they
do not have that high number of capacitors.
In this paper it will be presented a method for loss
measurement by using half of necessary capacitors.
For small power shunt reactor loss measurement can
be performed by applying three-phase excitation and
in this case losses can be measured by using
wattmeter on each phase. However there might be
cases when these losses can be also determined by
single-phase excitation but in this case there should
be calculated a correction factor between singlephase and three-phase excitation. The IEC 60076-6 /
2007 sub clause 7.8.6.1 says that for loss
measurement on single-phase excitation is possible
only with agreement between manufacturer and
purchaser.
ISBN: 978-1-61804-189-0
288
3 Power frequency behavior of threephase shunt reactors under threephase and single-phase excitation
.
Figure 1. Voltage applied on phase U
ISBN: 978-1-61804-189-0
289
at IN)
(2)
taking in
(3)
g. Calculation of copper losses al reference
temperature (75C):
ISBN: 978-1-61804-189-0
290
(4)
h. Calculation of supplementary losses (PS) at
ambient temperature:
PS = (f) (g) (a) [kW]
(5)
i. Recalculation of supplementary losses at
reference temperature:
(6)
j. Calculation of total losses:
(7)
6 Study case
It is considered a shunt reactor having the
following parameters:
Rated frequency: 50 Hz;
Rated power: 100 000 kVar;
Maximum power: 110 250 kVar;
Vector-group symbol: YN;
Rated voltage: 400 000 V;
Maximum voltage: 420 000;
Rated current: 144.3 A;
Maximum current: 151.6 A
Where:
Lx reactor inductance [H];
Rx resistive losses on reactor [];
U ratio current transformer;
M3 mutual inductance [H];
Cn standard capacitor [pF];
C4, R4 measured values on bridge [F], [].
Applied on reactor
Voltage
[kV]
Current
[A]
60.8
60.8
60.8
38.0
38.5
38.0
60.8
60.8
60.8
37.5
38.0
37.8
230.94
230.94
230.94
143.5
146.5
144.5
242.49
242.49
242.49
152.0
154.5
152.0
121.24
81.0
ISBN: 978-1-61804-189-0
Measured Shearing
bridge
U
Lx
Rx
R4
C4
[]
[F]
[H]
[]
Three-phase application 105.4 kV
98500
14.487
40
5.109
3.581
110200
14.455
40
5.098
3.200
177000
14.470
40
5.103
1.993
Single phase application 105.4/3 kV
92900
14.482
40
5.108
3.796
94800
14.447
40
5.095
3.720
105200
14.466
40
5.102
3.352
Single phase application 400/3
92800
14.425
40
5.087
3.800
95000
14.400
40
5.079
3.712
106800
14.418
40
5.085
3.302
Single phase application 420/3
92200
14.420
40
5.086
3.825
96300
14.390
40
5.075
3.662
106500
14.407
40
5.081
3.312
Single phase application 420/3 kV
138300
14.497
40
5.113
2.550
291
Impedance
Lx
Losses
[]
[kW]
[C]
1605.1
1601.6
1603.3
5.15
4.68
2.87
31.6
31.6
31.6
1604.6
1600.7
1602.8
5.39
5.37
4.81
31.6
31.6
31.6
1598.3
1595.5
1597.5
78.80
78.72
68.89
31.6
31.6
31.6
1597.7
1594.4
1596.3
88.24
86.06
76.46
31.6
31.6
31.6
1606.2
15.59
43.4
Applied on reactor
Voltage
[kV]
242.49
121.24
Current
[A]
152.5
80.0
Measured Shearing
bridge
R4
C4
[]
[F]
93000
14.410
139300
14.488
Lx
Rx
Impedance
Lx
40
40
[H]
5.082
5.110
[]
3.792
2.532
[]
1596.6
1605.2
[kW]
87.83
15.30
[C]
43.4
43.4
at
7 Conclusions
- There are possibilities to measure shunt reactor
losses under single-phase excitation but there is
necessary cu determine a loss correction factor by
doing a comparison of losses under single and
three-phase voltage application;
- By using this test method there is not necessary to
use many capacitors for performing loss
measurement on shunt reactors;
- Three-phase loss measurement are smaller than
single phase-loss measurement;
- It is evident that iron loss ratio is subjected to
moderate variation from design to design,
depending on geometrical proportions of the
magnetic circuit;
- The resulting correction factor for single-phase
losses is also dependent on the ratio between
copper loss and iron loss.
ISBN: 978-1-61804-189-0
Losses
References:
[1]. IEC 60076/6 - 2007, Power transformers part
6: Reactors, sub clause: 7.8.6 Measurement of
loss (routine test, special test);
[2]. CEI 289 / 1988, Reactors, sub clause 8.7,
Measurement of loss;
[3]. Rapport ZK 82 51/19.82 issued by ASEA
Brazil;
[4]. Rapport no. 1ZBR 07-0270 / 2007.
292