Engineering Thermodynamics (141903)

BE Sem. IV

Assignment 1
Basic Concept
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Explain different types of systems with suitable examples.

Explain concept of Quasi-static process with necessary figure
Define following terms:
Reversible and irreversible processes
One Pascal pressure and one bar pressure
Dithermal boundary of a thermodynamic system

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Point function and Path function

Discuss macroscopic and microscopic point of view in thermodynamics
Discuss Heat engine, Heat pump, Heat source, Heat sink.
Discuss the concept of thermodynamic equilibrium.
Distinguish between Intensive and extensive properties
Explain critical & triple point of pure substance.

Assignment 2
HCET
Mechanical engineering

Department of

Engineering Thermodynamics (141903)

BE Sem. IV

1St Law of Thermodynamics

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Write continuity equation. Derive the general steady flow energy equation. Making

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suitable assumptions reduce the same for turbine, nozzle and steam condenser.
Prove that Energy is a point function of a system undergoing change of state.
State and write the 1st Law of thermodynamics for a thermodynamic process and
explain the conventional meanings for positive ness and negative ness for heat and
work interactions between thermodynamic system and its surroundings across the

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system boundary.
Explain the concept of Flow process and control volume.
Derive the steady flow equation for Diffuser , Boiler , Gas turbine , Heat exchanger and

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Evaporator.
Explain the concept of filling and emptying process.
Explain the concept of PMM1.

Tutorial 2

HCET
Mechanical engineering

Department of

Engineering Thermodynamics (141903)

BE Sem. IV
Ex-1
A turbine operating under steady flow conditions receives steam at a velocity of 50 m/s
and elevation of 5 m and a specific enthalpy of 2700 KJ/kg. The steam leaves the
turbine at a velocity of 83.3 m/s, an elevation of 1.5 m and a specific enthalpy of 2250
kJ/kg. Heat losses from the turbine to the surroundings amount to1.41 kJ/hr. Determine
Ex-2

the mass flow rate of steam required in kg/hr for output power of 360 kW.
An air compressor compresses atmospheric air at 0.1 MPa and 270 C by 10 times of
inlet pressure. During compression the heat loss to surrounding is estimated to be 5%
of compression work. Air enters in compressor with velocity of 40 m/s and leaves with
100 m/s. Inlet and exit cross-section areas are 100 cm2 and 20 cm2 respectively.

Ex-3

Estimate the temperature of air at exit from compressor and power input to compressor.
The air compressor takes in air steadily at the rate of 0.6 kg/sec from the surroundings
with pressure of 100.0kPa and density of 1.0526 kg/m3. The air entry velocity is 7.0
m/sec.The pressure ratio of air compressor is 7.0. The leaving air has density of
5.26315kg/m3 and leaves with velocity of 5.0 m/sec.The internal energy of the leaving
air is 100.0kJ/kg more than that at entering. Cooling water in the compressor jackets
absorbs heat from air at the rate of 65.0 KW.
i) Compute the rate of shaft work to air

Ex-4

ii) Find the ratio of inlet pipe diameter to outlet pipe diameter.
Write a steady flow energy equation for steam flowing through an inclined constant
diameter pipe, where steam looses heat at a rate Q kJ/kg . For driving a steam turbine,
steam flows from boiler to steam turbine, through a horizontal steam pipe of constant
diameter of 0.25m. The steam conditions at boiler and turbine entrance are as under:
At boiler

At turbine entrance

Pressure= 3.5 MPa

Pressure= 3.25 MPa

Temperature=500C

Temperature=490C

Total enthalpy=3450.9kJ/kg-K

Total enthalpy=3440.0kJ/kg-K

Sp.volume= 0.11324m3/kg.

Sp.volume= 0.1204m3/kg.

There occurs a heat loss of 9.0 kJ/kg from pipe line.

Calculate the steam flow rate
Assignment 3
HCET
Mechanical engineering

Department of

Engineering Thermodynamics (141903)

BE Sem. IV
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Que 1 Prove equivalence of Kelvin & Clausius statement
Que 2 Explain Carnot cycle and derive the equation for efficiency? Also state the
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reason of impractibility of it.

Explain thr following corollary (i) Max. reversible engine efficiency (ii)

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Absolute temperature scale (iii) Clausius inequality

Define entropy and explain the principle of increase entropy.
Derive the equation of entropy principle for following cases: (i) Mixing of

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two fluids (ii) Heat transfer through finite temp. difference

Derive the all possible equation for entropy changes during thermodynamic

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process.
Explain the concept of PMM2.Aso define Kelvin and Clausius statement
Discuss third law of thermodynamics.
Show that through one point there can pass only one reversible adiabatic.

Tutorial 3

HCET
Mechanical engineering

Department of

Engineering Thermodynamics (141903)

BE Sem. IV
Ex-1

A Carnot H.E. works between two thermal reservoirs A & B. A is at const. temp. 6000C
& B at 2500C. Half of power developed by Carnot engine is used to drive a generator to
produce electricity & other half to drive H.P. which receives heat from thermal
reservoir B & rejects heat to thermal reservoir C which is at temp. 4000C. Calculate
heat rejected to thermal reservoir C by H.P. as a % of heat from thermal reservoir A to
Carnot engine . Also calculate heat rejected per hour to thermal reservoir C if 480KW

Ex-2

are generated by generator. Assume nGen =100%

A Reversible H.E. operate betn two Reservoir at t1=6000C & t2=400C. The engine
drives reversible refrigerator which operates betn reservoir at temp. 400C & -200C. The
heat transfer to the H.E. is 2000 KJ. & the net work output of the combined engine
refrigerator plant is 360 KJ.
(A) Evaluate heat transfer to the ref. & net heat transfer to the reservoir at 400C.
(B) Reconsider, (A) Given that efficiency of H.E. & COP of refrigerator are each 40%

Ex-3

of their max. possible values.

A Volume of 0.14m3 of air at 1 bar & 900C is compressed to 0.014 m3 according to
PV 1.3 = Const. Heat is then add at const. volume the pressure is 66 bar, Determine
(a) Heat exchange with cylinder wall during compression
(b) Change of entropy during each portion of process.

Ex-4

Take = 1.4, R=286 J/kg.K, Cp=1.001

Air at 200C & 1.05 bar occupies 0.025m3. The air is heated at const. volume until the
pressure is 4.5 bar & then cooled at const. pressure back to original temp. calculate
(i) net heat flow from air
(ii) net entropy change. Draw T-S Diagram.

Assignment 4
Vapour & Gas Power cycles
HCET
Mechanical engineering

Department of

Engineering Thermodynamics (141903)

BE Sem. IV
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Plot Otto & semi diesel cycle on P-V & T-S Diagram. State difference between this
cycle.
Why Carnot cycle is not practical for steam power plant. Explain in brief.
State comparison of Carnot and Rankine cycle for vapour
Derive equation for Air standard efficiency of diesel cycle.
Derive equation of Otto cycle efficiency with usual notations.
Explain Rankine & modified Rankine cycle.

Tutorial 4
HCET
Mechanical engineering

Department of

Engineering Thermodynamics (141903)

BE Sem. IV
Ex-1

Ex-2

Ex-3

In an ideal brayton cycle the ambient air at 1 bar and 300 K is compressed to the 6 bar
and maximum cycle temp. is limited to 1200 K. If the heat supply is 120MW. Find
thermal efficiency of the cycle, Work ratio, Power output, Mass flow rate. Also draw
the cycle on p-v & T-S diagram.
A carnot cycle has lowest pressure and temperature equal to 1 bar and 20 0C.Pressure
after isothermal compression is 4 bar .Pressure after isentropic compression is 12 bar
and after isothermal heat addition process is 6 bar. Calculate the higher temp.in the
cycle , the change in entropy during isothermal expansion , heat added to the cycle ,
heat reflected by the cycle.
Steam at 20 bar and 3600C is expanded in a steam turbine to 0.08 bar. It then enter a
condenser , where it is condensed to a saturated liquid water. Assuming ideal process
find , Per kg of steam , Net work and the cycle efficiency.

HCET
Mechanical engineering

Department of

Engineering Thermodynamics (141903)

BE Sem. IV

Assignment 6
Properties of Gases and Mixtures
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Write down the van der walls real gas state equation.Explain the reduce properties of
gas an v d obtain the van der walls equation in reduced form .
i.e. (Pr +3/Vr2 )(3Vr-1)=8Tr.
Where Pc , Vc , Tc are critical property values and
Pr=P/Pc , Vr= V/Vc , Tr= T/Tc
Explain briefly daltons law and Gibbs Dalton law applied to mixture of perfect gases.
State the Avagadros law .
Verify cyclic relation for the ideal gas.
State Daltons law of partial pressure . how is partial pressure of in a gas mixture related
to the mole fraction ? how are the characteristic gas constant , molecular weight and
specific heats of a gas mixture computed?
Derive Van der walls equation. Also determine constant a and b and its limitation.
Explain law of corresponding states and generalized compressibility chart.

HCET
Mechanical engineering

Department of