ME213MechanicsofMaterialsFormulaSheet

Materials
E

, Shear modulus G
where is Poissons ratio
2(1 )

Thermalexpansion: L = L o 1 + T

Youngs modulus E

Composite Materials
E composite E f a f E m (1 a f )

Ecomposite

(when loaded parallel to fibres)

1
a f / E f 1 a f / Em

(when loaded perpendicular to fibres)

Viscoelastic Materials
Stress at time t (t) in a viscoelastic material under constant strain

t = ce- Et/ ,

where c is stress at time t = 0, and is a constant (known as the time constant).

BendingandTorsion
FLo
F

Axialloading: , , E ,
A
Lo

EA
Lateralstrain: lateral axial
M

Beambending: I R y
I

Secondmomentofarea:

y 2 dA

RectangleaboutN.A.:
Circleaboutdiameter:
ParallelAxisTheorem:
Shearandtorsion:

bd 3
12
r4
I
4

I x ' I x Aa 2

G T

whereistheshearstressproducedbyatorqueT
r
L
J

=Gwhereistheshearstrain

R4
2
4
Hollowcircularshaft: J Ro Ri4
2

Polarsecondmomentofarea:

Solidcircularshaft: J

Powerinshaft=torqueangularvelocity(rad/sec)=2nTwherenistherevolutionspersecond
Eulersformulaforthebucklingofslenderaxiallyloadedpinendedcolumns: Fc

/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/251005117.doc

2 EI
L2

Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels

Cylindrical :

hoop stress 1

Spherical :

1 2

pr
2t

pr
,
t

longitudinal stress 2

Biaxial Stress (Plane Stress)

x

x y x y cos 2

x y x y cos 2

x y sin 2

x y

xy sin 2
xy sin 2

xy cos 2

Principal Stresses
1,2 =

x + y
2

tan2 p =

2
x y

+ xy 2
2

2 xy
x y

2
x y
1 2
max,min =
xy 2 =
2
2

( x y )
tan2s =
,
s p 45
2 xy

Mohrs Circle For Stress

Centre x y ,0
2

Radius

2
2
= 1 x y xy

Biaxial Strain
x' =
y' =

( x + y )
2
( x + y )

( x y )

2
( x y )

cos2 +

cos2

xy
2

xy

2
2
2
x' y'
( x y )
xy
=
sin2 +
cos2
2
2
2

1,2 =

x + y
2

sin2
sin2

2
2
x y
xy

+

2

/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/251005117.doc

pr
2t

Tan 2p =

xy
x y

max,min = ( x y ) 2 + xy 2 = (1 2 )
45 Strain Gauge Rosette
xy 2 b a c

( b at 45)

Stress/Strain Transformation
y

,
x = x
E
E
E
x =
( x + y ) ,
(1 2 )
E
= G =
2(1 + )

1 = 1 2 ,
E
E
E
1 =
(1 + 2 ) ,
(1 2 )

y =
y =

y
E

x
E

(1 2 )

( y + x )

2 = 2 1
E
E
E
2 =
( 2 + 1 )
(1 2 )

Von Mises Equivalent Stress

e 12 22 1 2

/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/251005117.doc