THIS DOCUMENT AND ITS CONTENT ARE EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY OF

VALLOUREC & SUMITOMO TUBOS DO BRASIL LTDA

ITS TOTAL OR PARTIAL REPRODUCTION OR ITS CESSION TO THIRD PARTIES WITHOUT THE PREVIOUS AUTHORIZATION IN WRITING IS STRICTLY
PROHIBITED. THE PENALTIES FORESEEN BY HE THE LAW WILL BE APPLIED TO INFRACTORS

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES

AND RULES IN THE IRON ND STEEL PLANT
VS-E-001

REVISION
N

DESCRIPTION

TYPE PROJECT BY APPROVED

NAME

APPROVED
DEP.

SIGNAT.

DATE

EMISSION TYPE
(A) PRELIMINARY
(B) FOR APPROVEMENT
(C) FOR CHECK

(D) FOR FABRICATION

(E) AS BUILT
(F) APPROVED
Supplier:

(G) CANCELED
(H) FOR BUDGET
(I) AS BOUGHT

VS-E-001
VSB NUMBER

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December/2007

SUMMARY
1

PURPOSE, SCOPE AND APPLICATION FIELD ........................................................................................ 3

ADDITIONAL DESIGN CRITERIA ................................................................................................................. 3

STANDARDS ..................................................................................................................................................... 4

OBJECTIVE ....................................................................................................................................................... 4

APPLICATION RANGE .................................................................................................................................... 5

PROCEDURES ................................................................................................................................................. 5

LEGAL PARAMETERS .................................................................................................................................. 15

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PURPOSE, SCOPE AND APPLICATION FIELD

1.1

GENERAL

VS-E-001
December/2007

This Standard establishes the technical requirements for the purchase of uninterrupted power
systems used at the Electrical Systems of Vallourec & Sumitomo Tubos do Brasil (VSB).
This document is general for all types of uninterrupted power systems. The supplier shall
comply all the requirements presents in this standard and hes responsible for filling in all
remaining spaces left blank in data sheet presents in item 7.
In case of conflicts, the supplier shall inform VSB.
1.2

APPLICABILITY
This specification is applicable to the design, construction, installation and testing of
Uninterrupted Power Systems.

ADDITIONAL DESIGN CRITERIA

Additional requirements and information about site facilities can be found in the following
Design Criteria:

GENERAL
o

VS-E-001: Environmental Conditions

VS-E-002: Drawing and Documentation`

VS-E-003: Health & Safety

STEEL STRUCTURE
o

EQUIPMENT SUPPLIES
o

VS-E-004: Steel Structures & Buildings Design Criteria

VS-E-005: Painting Design Criteria

MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
o

VS-E-006: Mechanical Equipment Design Criteria

VS-E-007: Hydraulic Systems Design Criteria

VS-E-008: Pneumatic Systems Design Criteria

VS-E-009: Lubrication Systems Design Criteria

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
o

VS-E-010: Electrical Systems Design Criteria

VS-E-011: Instrumentation
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o

VS-E-001
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VS-E-012: Control & Automation

UTILITIES
o

VS-E-013: Piping Design Criteria

STANDARDS

3.1

GENERAL STANDARDS
As a general rule, all Services, Materials, Equipment, Facilities and Installations shall comply
with the Brazilian Codes and Regulations, as well as Standards:

ABNT Associao Brasileira de Normas Tcnicas (Brazilian Standards Association);

CONAMA Comisso Nacional de Meio Ambiente (Brazilian Environment Commission);

SEMA Secretaria Estadual de Meio Ambiente (Brazilian Environment Institute);

IBAMA Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente (Brazilian Environment Institue);

NBR Norma Brasileira (Brazilian standard);

NR`s Norma Regulamentadora do Ministrio do Trabalho (Regulatory Norms established

by the Brazilian Ministry of Labor).

This is to be considered as a minimum requirement. Since additional regulations may be

necessary, International accepted Standards shall be used under acquaintance and
authorization of VSB.
Complementary Norms
NBR 10151 Acoustic Noise Evaluation in residential areas, intending community comfort
Procedure
NBR 10.004 Solid Residues Classification
4

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this specification is to determine the basic requisites established for ensuring
compliance with (1) the environment legislation (2) with VSBs environment performance
standards and (3) the best practices for controlling the environmental aspects and minimizing
the impacts on the environment caused by the operation of VSBs Iron and Steel Plant at
Jeceaba.

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APPLICATION RANGE
This specification applies to:
1. all areas of the Plant containing equipment and/or activities effectively causing, or able to
cause, environmental impacts, due to atmospheric emissions, noise, generation of residues
and liquid effluents.
2. to all subcontractors, contracted service or material suppliers that
3. VSBs project coordinators and specialized sectors are responsible for controlling the
Bidders or Contractors compliance of the present specification.

PROCEDURES

6.1

Atmospheric Emissions:

6.1.1

Material Particles:
Material particles (MP) may be generated at various process stages and may contain different
concentrations of mineral oxides, metals (e.g. arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead, nickel, chrome,
zinc, manganese) and metallic oxides. The sources with effective or potential emission of
material particles include the activities of steel fusion and refining (BF, BOF, EAF), the heating
furnaces (depending on the combustible type used), pelletization and sinterization. Furthermore it
is possible that they arise due to mechanical actions (e.g. flame cutting and grinding) and
material handling (e.g. raw materials, additives, recycled and refuse materials, and byproducts).
Pelletization:
Pelleting iron ore (an alternative to sintering) can generate dust and material particles
emission when grinding the raw materials, in the burning zone of the conditioning line, and
when sieving and handling. Recommended steps for avoiding and controlling the material
particles emissions in the pelletization plants include:

Implementation of total or partial residual gas circulation in the pelletization plant

according to the quality and productivity of the pellets;

Pulsing systems in the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) plus tissue filter, or adoption of
preceding dust removal (ESP or cyclones), as well as a high-pressure depuration system
for the dust removal from the residual gas. The presence of fine powder, mainly
consisting of alkalis and lead chlorides, may limit the efficiency of the ESPs.

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Blast Furnace:
Emissions of material particles, generated in the blast furnaces (BF), include emissions in the
casthouse (basically iron oxide and graphite particles) and the cleaning of the BF gas exiting
from the furnace top. The recommended steps for avoiding and controlling the emission of
material particles from the blast furnaces, prior to using the escape gas, include dust removal
systems, basically consisting of washers and electrostatic precipitators (ESP), or other
filtering equipment with similar performance.
Steelworks:
The electric arc furnaces (EAFs) generate material particles during fusion, oxygen injection,
decarburizing (primary combustion gas emissions) and charging / tapping (secondary
combustion gas emissions).
The recommended steps for avoiding and controlling the emissions of material particles from
the EAFs include:

Quick cooling of the gas with subsequent passage through bag filters. These bag filters
may be soaked with adsorbing material (e.g. lime or carbon) for collecting other volatile
impurities;

Direct extraction of the combustion gas and closing by dome for cover and cleaning.

Continuous Casting
Material particles and metals arise in the casting areas when cutting the ingots with oxiacetylene. The exhausts must be quantitatively and quantitatively analyzed and, according to
the results, bag filters must be installed for containing emissions above the established
standards.
Handling of raw materials:
The following prevention and control techniques are recommended for reducing the
emissions of escaping material particles during the handling of materials:

Storage piles in closed or covered areas. When storage piles in open areas are
unavoidable, then water aspersion system, dust suppressors, wind deflectors and other
techniques for manipulating the storage piles;

Design of a simple and linear layout for the material handling operations, in order to
reduce the need of multiple transfer points;

Maximization of enclosed silos for storing bulk powder;

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Confinement of the conveyors transfer points with powder controllers;

Cleaning the return belts of the belt conveyor system in order to remove loose powder;

Routine maintenance in the plant, good conservation for correcting small leakage and
keeping spilling to a minimum;

Correct practices for loading and unloading.

Escaping coal powder emissions must be a matter of constant concern.

Recommendations for avoiding and controlling escaping coal dust emissions during transfer,
storage and preparation of coal include the following:

Minimization of the coal falling height on the storage pile;

Water aspersion systems and polymer linings for reducing the formation of escaping dust
at the coal stock (e.g. at the storage piles);

Bag filters and other equipment for controlling the coal powder particles generated when
grinding and classifying;

Installation of centrifuge collectors (cyclones) with subsequent wet practice high-efficiency

Venturi depurators in heat dryers;

Installation of centrifuge collectors (cyclones) followed by tissue filters in the equipment

and at the pneumatic coal cleaning activities;

Enclosed conveyors combined with extraction and grinding equipment for avoiding dust
emission at the conveyors transfer locals;

Rationalization of the transport systems for minimizing dust generation and transport at
the local.

6.1.2

Nitrogen oxides:
Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) originate from high temperatures in the furnaces and from
nitrogen oxidation. The NOx emissions are associated to sintering/pelleting operations, air
heaters in the BF process, use of high-temperature process gases or combustion air in the
reheating or conditioning furnaces and to pickling with acid, among other sources.
Specific techniques recommended for avoiding and controlling the NOx emissions in the
steelworks operations include:

Recirculation of the residual gas;

Furnace batteries with multi-stage air supply systems;

Repressed combustion in the BOF.

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6.1.3

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Sulfur dioxides:
Emissions of sulfur dioxides (SO2) are basically associated to the combustion of sulfur
compounds in the sinter-feed (fines for sintering) primarily introduced by the coke fines. The
SO2 emissions may also result from the hardening process during the pelleting and the ignition in
the coke furnace. The SO2 emissions level in the gases burnt in the reheating and conditioning
furnaces depend on the sulfur content in the available combustible.
Recommended general techniques for avoiding and controlling the SO2 generation include the
following:

Selection of low-sulfur content raw material in the charge;

Minimization of sulfur content in the combustible;

Addition of adsorbents such as hydrated lime [Ca(OH)2], calcium oxide (CaO), or ash powder
with high CaO content, injected at the exhaust gases exit before the filtration;

Installation of wet practice gas washing systems in the collecting and dust removal systems;

Injection of mixed mud in a wet depurator containing calcium carbonate (CaCO3), CaO, or
Ca(OH)2;

6.1.4

Use of a dry gas depurator if necessary.

Carbon monoxide:
Carbon monoxide (CO) sources include the gases burnt in sintering/pelleting lines, BOF, BF and
EAF. The CO is generated by the oxidation of the charcoal coke in the fusion and reduction
processes and the oxidation of the graphite and carbon electrodes in the liquid metal during the
fusion and refining stages in the EAFs. Recommended prevention against pollution and control
techniques for reducing the CO emissions include the following:

6.1.5

Total collection of the gases burnt in the BF and the BOF;

Recycling gases containing CO;

Sponge slag practices in the EAF process.

Sulfates, chlorides and fluorides:

Chlorides and fluorides are present in the iron ore and tend to form hydrofluoric acid (HF),
hydrochloric acid (HCl), besides chloralkalis during the sintering and pelleting processes. HCl and
HF may arise in the gas burnt in the EAF process, depending on the charged scrap quality.
Emissions of hydrogen chlorides and Sulfuric Acid arise in the pickling lines (depending on the
strong acid used for the process) and require HCl or H2SO4 recovery systems. Recommended
techniques preventing pollution and control include the following:
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Use of dry practice dust removal or wet practice depuration techniques, which are also
typically installed for controlling, respectively, material particles and sulfuric oxides emissions;

Control of chlorine entering with the raw materials, by selection of the materials;

If it becomes necessary to remove the chlorine from the system, then the chlorine-rich
fraction of the filter powder fines should not be recycled with the sinter feed (fines for
sintering); (normally it is also favorable to recycle all ferrous process residues).

6.1.6

Organic VOCs and PAHs

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) may be
emitted at several stages of the steel production, including in the gas burnt in the sinter plant and
the pelleting processes, due to oil entry in the sinter and pellet fines (mainly because of scale
addition) and in the EAF, chiefly when coal is added as nest in the scrap bucket. PAH can also
be present in the scrap charge of the EAFs, but can also form during the EAF2 operation.
Hydrocarbons and oil mist emissions may also arise during cold rolling (tandem mill).
Recommended prevention techniques against pollution and for controlling the VOC emissions
include the following measures integrated in the process:

Pre-treatment of the scale by practices such as washing under pressure in order to reduce
the oil content;

Optimization of the operational practices, particularly combustion and temperature control;

Minimization of oil exiting through dust and scale, by application of good housekeeping
techniques in the rolling plant

Advanced emissions collection and mist eliminating systems (e.g. pre-lined bag filters);

Recirculation of the burnt gas;

Treatment of the collected residual gas by post-combustion, chemical depuration or

biofiltration.

6.1.7

Dioxines and furans

Sinter plants are significant potential sources for emitting oil-choric dibenzodioxine and
dibenzofuran (PCDD/F dioxines and furans). The PCDD/F can be produced if chlorine ions,
chorine compounds, organic carbon, catalyzers, oxygen and certain temperature levels coexist
simultaneously in a metallurgical process. Furthermore, high oil content in the scale may increase
the PCDD/F emissions. Another potential source of PCDD/F emissions is the burnt gas from the
EAF. The potential presence of polychloric biphenyls (PCB), PVC and other organic matter in the

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added scrap (disintegrated scrap, mainly obtained from old equipment) may be their source, due
to their high potential for forming PCDD/F 1.
Recommended techniques for avoiding and controlling PCDD/F emissions include the following:

Recirculation of the burnt gases may reduce the emission of pollutants and decrease the
amount of gas requiring treatment post-piping;

Fine charging material (e.g. powder) must be agglomerated;

In the sinter plant, minimization of chlorides entry in the bed, use of additives such as
quicklime and control of the oil content in the scale (< 1 percent);

Exclusion of the chloride-rich fraction of the powder filter in the fines recirculation;

Clean scrap for the fusion;

Post-combustion of the EAF residual gas, in order to obtain temperatures above 1200C and
maximize the time of remaining at this temperature. The process is completed with quick
cooling for minimizing the time in the temperature range where new dioxine formation occurs;

Oxygen injection for ensuring complete combustion;

Injection of post-additives (e.g. activated carbon) into the gas flow for adsorbing the dioxines
before the dust removal by filtration (with subsequent treatment for risk reduction);

6.1.8

Installation of tissue filters with catalytic oxidation systems.

Metals
Heavy metals may be present in the fumes of the gases burnt in the thermal processes. The
amount of metal emissions depends on the particular process type and the composition of the
raw materials (iron ore and scrap). Particles from sinter plant, BF, BOF and EAF may contain
zinc (which constitutes the major emission factor from the EAF, mainly if galvanized steel scrap is
being used), cadmium, lead, nickel, mercury, manganese and chrome.
Metal particles emissions must be controlled by techniques with high efficiency for dust
decanting, applied to the particles emission control cited above. Gaseous metallic missions are
typically controlled by cooling of the gases, followed by bag filters.

6.1.9

Carbon Dioxide
The resources for the manufacture of steel are intensive energy consumers and may emit
significant amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2). The GHG emissions in integrated iron and steel
plants are basically generated by the combustion of fossil combustibles, such as coke for energy
(heat), ore reduction and electrical energy production, and the use of lime as charge material.
The average value of the carbon dioxide intensity in the sector is estimated at 0.4 C/t raw steel.
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Recommended techniques for avoiding and controlling the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
include the following:

Minimization of the energy consumption and increase of the energetic efficiency by basic
measures such as, but not limited to:
Adequate surface insulation in order to limit the heat dispersion;
Control of the ratio air / combustible for reducing the gas flow;
Implementation of heat recovery systems;
Directing the burnt gas through a heat exchanger in order to recover the thermal gas
energy and use as combustion gas for producing hot water and air, and/or steam and
generate energy.

Good combustion practices, such as oxygen enrichment or pre-heating of the blown air and
control of the combustion parameters.

Pre-heating of the clean scrap;

Reduction of the combustible consumption for heating and heat treatment, using recovered
gas and/or adopting a good combustion control;

Selection of a combustible with lesser ratio of carbon content to calorific value, such as
natural gas (CH4). The CO2 emissions at the CH4 combustion present approximately 60% of
the emissions with coal or petroleum coke.

Recovery of the energy where possible, use of all process gases (e.g. gas from coke plant,
blast furnace, oxygen steelworks) and installation of a turbine for recovering the top gas
pressure (TRT) at the blast furnace;

Optimization of the intermediary storage logistics for allowing maximum hot charging rate,
direct charging or direct rolling, thus reducing the reheating needs;

6.2

Casting process near the final dimensions or with fine slabs.

Solid residues and byproducts:

The majority of residues lost in the iron and steel sector is recycled for obtaining aggregate value
on the divers byproduct types, such as with slag, scale and powder. The residues include slag
from blast furnace and steelworks (EAF), fine powder and mud from the BF gas, fine powder
from the BOF gas depuration, some BOF slag, highly alkaline chlorides and heavy metal
chlorides from the final zone of the electrostatic precipitators and the treatment of the burnt gases
in the sinterization.

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6.2.1

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Slag:
The slag residues can be sold as byproducts (e.g. BF and BOF slag for use in civil construction,
road building and in the cement industry). The EAFs produce a significant amount of slag, which
also can be used in the fertilizer industry and in civil construction.

6.2.2

Metallic residues:
The metallic residues and the byproducts of rolling and finishing operations (e.g. scale / chips
from flame cutting, dust from flame cutting, scale from rolling, mud from water and scale
treatment, mud from grinding and oils / greases) should preferably be reused in the process and,
should this not be possible, be commercialized as scrap.
Some byproducts (e.g. oily scale from rolling and mud with high oil content from grinding,
generated in the water treatment stations) must be processed prior to the internal recycling, in
order to reduce the oil content and due to the process requirements. Metals originating from filter
powder, slag and residues must be recovered and recycled as sintering/pelleting fines.

6.2.3

Acids
Mud from the regeneration of pickling acids may be recycled in the iron and steel plants (EAF
and blast furnace) or processed for production of ferrous oxides. The ferrous oxide from the
regeneration of acid used in the pickling process can be used in several industries as high-quality
additive (e.g. for production of ferromagnetic materials, iron powder or construction material,
pigments, glass and ceramics). Another alternative is to neutralize the generated residual acids
with some alkaline reagent and destine the mud to the cement industry for adding as input in the
production process.

6.2.4

Mud treatment
Mud coming from the treatment of residual waters may contain heavy metals (e.g. chrome, lead,
zinc and nickel) besides oil and grease. Part of the mud generated in the treatment of residual
waters can be internally recycled or disposed in a special local. Reusing the mud may require a
pre-treatment stage, typically consisting of pressing, drying and granulation. Another alternative
is to evaluate the composition of the mud for subsidizing its use as fertilizer and soil corrective to
be applied in agriculture.

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6.3

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Residual water
Flows of effluents normally present in the sector include cooling water, rainwater, rinsing water
and effluents from several different processes. The cooling water is normally recycled in the
process.

The rinsing water may contain suspended solids, dust, lubricating oil and other

pollutants, depending on the process.

Recommended steps for avoiding the generation of effluents at the activities with cooling and
rinsing waters include the following:

Preparation of a plant with large water recycling within a plan to maximize the water use
efficiency. Normally it is possible to recycle more than 95 percent of the water;

Dry practice techniques and premises for powder removal from the plant equipment must be
used where possible, and the rinsing water must be collected and treated before discharging
or reusing.

6.3.1

Collection of splatter and leakage (e.g. using safety pits and drainage systems).

Residual water from the industrial process

The sources of process effluents include wet practice oxidizing desulfurization, rolling and
pickling besides the washing system of the plant gases (BF and EAF).
Effluent from the wet practice oxidizing desulfurization may contain suspended solids (including
heavy metals), PAHs, sulfur compounds and fluorides / chlorides, depending on the adopted
dust removal system. This effluents flow may have a deteriorating effect on the biological
treatment of the residual water. Indirect gas cooling water is recycled and will not impact on the
amount of residual waters. In the case of direct gas cooling, the water should be considered as
washing liquor and eventually drained through a distiller.
Rolling process: Effluents coming from scale removal contain suspended solids, free oil and
emulsified oil added to the raw scale. The treatment of the effluents includes a sedimentation
tank where solids, mainly ferrous oxides, are decanted to the tanks bottom and the oily pollutant
floating on the surface are removed by skimmers and discharged in collecting tanks. The cooling
water from rolling processes must be collected and treated prior to reusing.
Pickling plants: The pickling plants generate three flows of process effluents, including rinsing
water, neutralized pickling baths and other residue waters (e.g. water from the fumes absorbers
of the pickling gas exhaust system and rinsing water from the washing plant). The major residual
water volume comes from the rinsing, where the most significant contamination load occurs in the
continuous baths or the bulk charge when changing the pickling baths1.

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Recommended techniques for avoiding effluents from the pickling plants include the following:

Installation of acid recovery and recycling unit;

Reduction of the effluents volume and minimization the contaminants load of the residual
flows by optimization of the pickling process;

Application of countercurrent with movement in series, and in some cases recycling of the
acid pickling rinsing water discharges to the acid regeneration plant.

Techniques for the treatment of residual waters from the washing system of metallurgical gases
include the segregation of sources and the pre-treatment of residual water flows for (i) reduction
of ammonia, using an extractor via air, (ii) reduction of organic toxins, such as phenols, using
biological treatment and (iii) reduction of the heavy metals, using chemical precipitation,
coagulation and flocculation, etc. The typical stages of the residual waters treatment include oil /
water separators or flotation, with air dissolved for the separation of the oil from the floating
solids, filtration for separation of the filterable solids, equalization of flow and charge;
sedimentation of the suspended solids, by using dehydration and disposal of the residues at a
local designated for risky materials. Additional engineering controls may be required for (i)
advanced removal of metals by using filtration through membranes or another physical-chemical
treatment technology, (ii) removal of recalcitrant organic matter, by using activated carbon or
advanced chemical oxidation, and (iii) reduction of the effluents toxicity by using appropriate
technology (such as reverse osmosis, ion exchange, activated carbon, etc.). Methods for residual
water treatment typically include coagulation / flocculation / precipitation by using lime or sodium
hydroxide, pH correction / neutralization, sedimentation / filtration / floatation, separation of oils
and activated carbons.
Other residual water flows and water consumption
Contaminated flows must be directed to the treatment system for residual water from the
industrial process. Contaminated rainwater may result from coal, coke or other materials
from the storage area. External areas for coal storage near the soil may be impacted by
highly acid leachate containing polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy
metals. Specific recommendations for the industry include:

Storage fragments and other materials (e. g. coke and coal) and covered and/or closed
area for limiting the rainwater contamination and drainage collection;

Paving of process areas, segregation of contaminated or not contaminated rainwater,

and implementing plans for controlling leakage, directing the rainwater from the process
areas to the residual waters treatment units.

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System for collecting leachate and location of the deposits for coal storage, in order to
avoid impacts to the soil and to the hydric resources. The areas for coal storage must
be paved in order to segregate potentially contaminated rainwater to the pre-treatment
unit and the residual waters treatment unit.

6.4

Noise:
Integrated installations for steel and seamless pipes production generate noise from several
sources, such as: handling scrap and products, fans for residual gas and gas as byproduct;
rotating equipment in general; dust removal systems; furnace charging; EAF fusion processes;
combustible burners for cutting; transport and ventilation systems; divers locals of the pipe rolling
and in the entire process of finishing and dispatching the pipes.
Recommended techniques for reducing, avoiding and controlling noise include the following:

Closure of the production buildings and/or insulation of the structures;

Cover and enclosure of the scrap and slabs / ingots storage and manipulation areas;

Enclosure of fans, fan piping insulation and use of silencers;

Sponge slag practice in the EAFs;

Limitation of scrap handling and transport activities at night, when required;

Implementation of pipe-to-pipe transport systems, e. g. with chains. for avoiding shocks

between pipes on benches and transport systems;

Shock absorbers on the pipe transport benches and in the fastening cradles for dispatching,
e.g. neoprene or another polymer with similar characteristics;

Application of acoustic lining at critical locals, when acting directly on the noise sources
becomes technically and economically unviable.

Legal parameters

7.1

Industrial Effluent
The disposal of any effluent in their receiving bodies must respect the limits established in the
legislation. The river Camapu is a river Class I, according to the Regulation COPAM nr. 14
dated 28/12/95, article 1, item 8. Therefore the standard to be complied with is defined according
to the Resolution CONAMA 357/05 (specially its article 34) and the DN COPAM 10/86 (specially
its article 15).

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Remark: The MOST RESTRICTIVE standard of the legislation must be complied with. A
summarizing table of the main pollutants defined in the two norms would be:
STANDARDS FOR DISPOSAL OF EFFLUENTS
INORGANIC PARAMETERS
MAXIMUM VALUE
Ammonia
5,0 mg/L N
Arsenic total
0,2 mg/L As
Barium total
5,0 mg/L Ba
Bore total
5,0 mg/L B
Cadmium
0,1 mg/L Cd
Lead
0,1 mg/L Pb
Cyanide total
0,2 mg/L CN
Copper
0,5 mg/L Cu
Chrome hexavalent
0,5 mg/L Cr
Chrome trivalent
1,0 mg/L Cr
Chrome total
0,5 mg/L Cr
Tin total
4,0 mg/L Sn
Iron soluble
10,0 mg/L Fe
Fluoride total
10,0 mg/L F
Phenol index
0,2 mg/L C6H5OH
Manganese soluble
1,0 mg/L Mn
Mercury total
0,01 mg/L Hg
Metals, toxic, totals
3,0 mg/L
Nickel
1,0 mg/L Ni
Nitrogen, ammoniacal, total
20,0 mg/L N
Silver total
0,1 mg/L Ag
Selenium
0,02 mg/L Se
Sulfides
0,5 mg/L S
Carbon sulfide
1,0 mg/L
Sulfites
1,0 mg/L SO3
Zinc total
5,0 mg/L Zn
Chloroform
1,0 mg/L
Dichlorethylene
1,0 mg/L
Carbon Tetrachloride
1,0 mg/L
Trichlorethylene
1,0mg/L
Detergents
2,0 mg/L
pH
Between 6,5 and 8,5 (+/- 0,5)
Temperature
Less than 40C; the temperature rise of the receiving
body may not exceed 3C in the mixing zone.
Sedimentable materials
1mL/L
Disposal practice
Maximum flow up to 1.5 times the pollutant agents
average flow during the daily activity period.
Oils and greases
Mineral oils: up to 20 mg/L
Vegetal oils and animal fats: up to 50mg/L
Floating materials
Absent
DBO
60mg/L (days at 20 C)
DQO
90 mg/L
Suspended solids
Daily maximum: 100 mg/L
Monthly arithmetic mean: 60 mg/L
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ORGANIC PARAMETERS
Chloroform
Dichlorethylene
Phenols total (substances
reacting with
4-aminoantipirine)
Carbon Tetrachloride
Trichlorethylene

VS-E-001
December/2007

MAXIMUM VALUE
1,0 mg/L
1,0 mg/L
0,5 mg/L C6H5OH

1,0 mg/L
1,0mg/L

In order to ensure an efficient treatment system, it is necessary to guarantee:

7.2

Oily effluents (coming from shops, etc.) must be provided with water-oil separating boxes.

There must be a containing system.

In no way industrial or sanitary effluents may be directed towards the rainwater channels.

In no way industrial effluents may be disposed without previous treatment.

Solid residues
The solid residues must be classified according to the potential risk to the environment,
complying with the norm NBR 10.004/2004. The residues must be correctly disposed according
to their classification.
Residues Class I are dangerous residues, because they represent one or more of the following
characteristics: inflammable, corrosive, reactive, toxic and pathogenic. Residues Class I must be
separated from the other residues and be stored in appropriate locals, with containment in order
to avoid contamination of soil/water.
Residues Class II are non-dangerous residues, which may be non-inert (Class II A) or inert
(Class II B).
Information concerning generation, characteristics, storage, transport, treatment and destination
of solid residues must, according to annexes I to III of Legislation DN COPAM 90/05, be
presented every year to the environment authority.
The following procedures must be complied with in order to guarantee correct management of
the Plants residues:

Selective collection of the residues;

Availability of appropriate locals and devices for collection, transport, storage and final
destination for each residue type;

The contractors must be responsible for the adequate destination of the residues generated
during the jobs, and present documents proving it;

There must be environmental control relative to the residues which will be generated, such
as: adequate floors, signaling of the storage locals, segregation bays, cover of the storage
locals, appropriate containers, care during transport, transport licenses, identification of the
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residues, sampling and classification, possible destinations, compatibility between residues,

emergency systems, containment system, drainage systems and treatment of the leachates,
etc.

The partners responsible for the final destination of the residues must be periodically audited
(at least once per year) in order to guarantee the correct destination of all residues generated
in the Plant;

The recommendations of the technical norms NBR 11.174:1990 for storage of residues class
II and NBR 12.235:1992 the storage of residues class I must be complied with;

All residues must be directed to appropriate locals and be duly licensed by the competent
environment authorities.

7.3

Environment Noise
For the survey of the environment noise levels it is necessary to measure outside the limits of the
property containing their source.
(Attention: To verify the state law 10.100 dated 1990 and include it together with the CONAMA
01/90, as has been done for the liquid effluents. I suggest to ask Vecci which are the restrictions
of both, if this hasnt already been done.) The Resolution CONAMA 01/90 (Federal) disposes that
the legal limits for environment noise are those defined by the norms ABNT NBR 10.151 and
10.152. This means:
Table 1: Evaluation criteria level for outside environments in dB (A)
Area type
Areas of ranches and farms
Strictly urban residential or hospitals or schools areas
Mixed area, predominantly residential
Mixed area, with commercial and administrative vocation
Mixed area with leisure vocation
Predominantly industrial area

During the day

40
50
55
60
65
70

During the night

35
45
50
55
55
60

Rem. 1: Night time is between 10 PM and 7 AM.

Rem. 2: The Jeceaba Plant is located in a mixed area, with commercial and administrative
vocation (REM. who checked this information ?).
7.4

ATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS
Processes for outside combustion of fixed sources (boilers, steam generators, centrals for
generation of electrical energy, furnaces, fire boxes, hothouses and dryers for generation and
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use of heat power, incinerators and gasifiers) must comply with the resolution CONAMA 382/06,
which defines limits (concentration unit mg/Nm3 on dry basis and 3% oxygen excess) for
emissions of atmospheric pollutants originating from:

Heat generation processes from outside combustion of combustible oil:

Rated thermal power (MW)
Less than 10
Between 10 and 70
More than 70

NOx (*) (as NO2)

1600
1000
1000

SOx (*) (as SO2)

2700
2700
1800

Heat generation processes from outside combustion of natural gas:

Rated thermal power (MW)
Less than 70
Above or equal to 70

MP(*)
300
250
100

NOx (1) (as NO2)

320
200

Gas turbines for generation of electrical energy:

Turbine per type of combustible
Natural gas
Liquid combustibles

NOx (1) (as NO2)

50
135

CO (1)
65
N.A.

SOx (1) (as SO2)

N.A.
200

MP (1)
N.A.
50

Integrated and semi-integrated iron and steel industries and iron ore pelleting plants:
Unit
Emission Source
Production
Punctual
Coke plant
Sinter Plant
Coke Blast Furnace
Charcoal Blast
Furnace
LD Steelworks

Electrical Steelworks

MP
Dust Removal System from the Furnace
Discharge
Combustion Chamber of the Coke Furnaces
Primary Dust Removal System
Secondary Dust Removal System
Dust Removal System from the Storage
Building
Dust Removal System from the Casthouse
Dust Removal System from the Storage
Building
Dust Removal System from the Casthouse
Primary Dust Removal System
Secondary Dust Removal System
Dust Removal System from the pig iron
desulfurization
Dust Removal System from the Lime Furnaces

(1)

(1)

SO2

(1)

Nox
(as NO2)

%
(O2)

40

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

50
70
70

800
600
600

700
700
700

7%
NA*
NA*

40

N.A.

N.A.

50

N.A.

N.A.

50

N.A.

N.A.

40

N.A.

N.A.

80
40

N.A.
N.A.

N.A.
N.A.

40

N.A.

N.A.

100
= 50 t/c 50

N.A.

470

8%

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

Primary and Secondary Dust Removal Systems (2)

NA*

> 50 t/c 40
Rolling Mill

Slab Reheating Furnaces burning Plant Gases

Pelleting Plant

Exhaust System from the Pelleting Furnace

Thermoelectric Central

Boiler burning Plant gases

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Rem.: t/c = tons steel/cast

Non-listed sources:
o

Material Particles: 150mg/Nm3

SO2: 2.500 mg/Nm3

The disposal of gaseous effluents must be carried out through ducts or stacks, whose design
must take into account the buildings around the pollutant source and the established air quality
standards.
Below the specification to be complied with for the correct definition of the stack height:
Stack height = H + 1.5 L
Where:
H = height measured from the base to the top of the nearest building
L = Smallest dimension among height and width of the building
Distance > = 5 L
Where:
L = Smallest dimension among height and width of the building

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7.5

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RAINWATER
Measures for neutralizing the effects of impermeability, on the basis of the following principles,
must be foreseen for the rainwater drainage system:

Maintenance of the peak flows at the disposal;

Change minimization of the sub-surface flow-off conditions;

Change minimization of the aquifers recharge conditions;

Impact reduction of the generated sediments transport.

Recommended techniques for controlling at the source the production of resulting water
excesses, by means of infiltration, and avoiding its rapid transfer downstream, by means of
temporary storage structures, include the following:

Implementation of detention basins;

Implementation of areas for temporary storage and promoting infiltration and percolation by
infiltration dams;

Implementation of linear structures -

trenches for temporary storage and promoting

infiltration and percolation

Implementation of temporary storage structures at free areas in the industrial zone itself;

Collecting systems, conduction and disposal of rainwater at safe locals must be foreseen, in
order to avoid erosion processes and/or charging sediments to the water bodies;

The drainage system must consist of contour channels, trenches, channels with steps,
collection boxes, protecting ditches, crossing water descents, culverts, energy dissipators and
containment basins;

A system for collection of the first 15 minutes rain must be foreseen, in decanters, in order to
avoid charging a large part of the material particles directly into the water bodies.

Rainwater may not be directed to the Industrial Effluents network, in order to avoid that the
effluent be subject to any type of dilution when disposed into the receiving body.

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