Geologic Structural Identification from 3D Stratigraphic Modeling of

Geologic Map
Alva Kurniawan1

Abstract

Three dimensions stratigraphic model can be created from geologic stratigraphic

data of geologic map. Geological structure identification is easier to analyze within three
dimensions stratigraphic model. The research took place in Gunung Gendol region within
the scope of easting from 419266 to 423316 mE and northing from 9156136 to 9160772
mN.
There are some steps in creating three dimension of stratigraphic model. The first
step is area of interest delineation, the second is geological map interpretation, and the
third is geologic survey. The data that were extracted from all previous activities then
inputted into geologic modeling software. The inputted data were interpolated to create
3D model by using a surface interpolation algorithm.
The created model showed a waving rock layer structure in Gunung Gendol.
From that characteristic it can be said that Gunung Gendol is an anticline although
available geological map not described about it. The geologic structure recognition is
important or even helpful in describing geologic condition on a region. When there is no
information available but a rock formation anomaly occurred, may be the 3D model
answer questions about the anomaly.
Keywords: geologic, model
within

1. Introduction

within the scope of easting from

a region. Geologic map also can be

identification.

geological
Three

419266 to 423316 mE and northing

structure

from 9156136 to 9160772 mN.

dimensions

Gunung Gendol region is a hill

stratigraphic model can be created

sequences in the middle of semi flat

from geologic stratigraphic data of

plain.

geologic map. Geological structure

DepartmentofEnvironmentalGeography

Gunung

Gendol

region

consist of Gunung Gendol, Gunung

identification is easier to analyze

strati-

place in Gunung Gendol region

for identifying geologic condition of

for

dimensions

graphic model. The research took

Geologic map is a useful tool

used

three

Sari, Gunung Wukir, and Gunung

be shown in big scale geologic map.

Pring.

Unfortunately it was not shown as

an

anticline

structure

in

big

geologic map. The geologic map

just showed that the area of Gunung
Gendol

have

different

rock

formation than surrounding area.

Three dimensions modeling will so
helpful in recognizing area in
geologic map without geologic
Figure1.GunungGendol

structure information like Gunung

Gendol.

2. Methods
Three dimensions modeling of
stratigraphy need some steps. The
first

step

delineation.

is

area

After

of
the

interest
area

of

interest delineated then geologic

Figure2.GunungGendolGeologicMap

map will help in the area of interest

geologic condition. Geologic map

The important benefit of using

interpretation is the second step.

three dimensional model is it can

Geologic map interpretation needed

provide an information of geologic

in order to know the regional

structure condition that not avail-

geologic

able in geologic map. Gunung

formation in the area of interest.

Gendol is the example. The fact

Geologic map interpretation will be

from surveys told that Gunung

better if it correlated with some

Gendol is a large enough anticline

surveys, projects, reports in the area

arc. It is a big object that proper to

of interest. Geologic survey is the

condition

and

rock

third step. Geologic survey was

The

geologic

condition

needed in extracting the depth

interpretation was used a geological

information of each rock for-

map

mations. The survey needed three

1:100000. The geological map was

location points or for better result as

Yogyakarta Sheet Geological Map

many as possible data were needed.

(Sheet No. 1408-2). Map inter-

The data from geologic survey then

pretation result was correlated with

was inputted in geologic modeling

Bemmelens book, The Geology of

software. The data was inputted as

Indonesia. The Geology of In-

borehole or downhole data. Strati-

donesia

graphic model was created from

describe the geologic condition of

interpolation of the borehole data.

Gunung Gendol clearly, from it

within

was

map

used

scale

about

because

it

genesis until the rock formation of

Gunung Gendol. Geological survey
needed some important tools such
as

Geologic

Compass,

GPS,

Geologic Hammer, Roll Meter,

writing tools, and field checklist.
Rockworks 2006 was used for
inputting and modeling the survey
Figure3.GunungGendolOutcrop

data. The modeling was used

Multiple Linear Regression algorithm

for

surface

interpolation.

Multiple Linear Regression algorithm preferred to be used because

Multiple Linear Regression provides a smooth model result also it
eliminates the other algorithms
fake effect.

Figure4.GeologicSurveyonGendol

4. Geologic Condition Information

of Gunung Gendol from Bemmelens Reports in The Geology
of Indonesia Book.
Bemmelen stated that Gunung
Gendol is an anticline. Gunung
Figure5.Soilthicknessmeasurement
onGendol

Gendol formed from Merapis great

eruption that made the southwestern
slope of Merapi Volcano dis-

3. Geologic Condition Information

of Gunung Gendol from Geological Map Interpretation

integrated. The disintegrated materials than slide down to the

southwestern direction and folded

Yogyakarta

when they were hitting the base-

Sheet Geological Map gave result

ment rock of Menoreh Mountain.

that

geologic

Generally Gunung Gendol rock

formations, young volcanic deposits

formation consists of old deposits of

of Merapi Volcano (Qmi) and old

Merapi Volcano with olivine, ba-

volcanic

salt, augite-hypersthene, and horn-

Interpretation

there

of

are

deposits

two

of

Merapi

Volcano (Qmo). Qmi consist of

undifferentiated tuff, breccias, lava
flows,

ash,

agglomerate,

and

lava

5. Result and Discussion

and

breccias. Qmo consist of breccias,

agglomerate

blende-andesite.

flows,

Model was created from 19

survey points. The survey points

including with basalt and olivine.

were

determined

from

the

The areas within the formation of

morphological

Qmo were laid separately and

Yogyakarta Sheet Geologic Map.

surrounded by Qmi. It also form an

There are three main startigraphic

arc shape advanced to the north east

layers such as soil layer at the top,

direction.

Qmi, and Qmo. The depth of each

information

of

Figure6.FullDimensionModelof
GunungGendolfromwesttoeast
direction

Figure7.FullDimensionModelof
GunungGendolfromeasttowest
direction

Figure8.FullDimension
ModelofGunungGendol
fromsouthdirection

Figure9.Cutsectionon
GunungGendolFull
DimensionModel

Figure10.Thesecondmodel
fromcuttingthefull
dimensionmodel,anticline
layercharacteristicwas
appearedinredcircled
section

Figure11.Thesecondmodel
fromcuttingthefull
dimensionmodel,anticline
layercharacteristicwas
appearedinredcircled
section

stratum measured from borehole

the stratigraphic layer of Gunung

data, outcrop, and logical estimation.

Gendol

There many outcrops in Gunung

stratigraphic layer described that

Gendol

the

Gunung Gendol is an anticline

Gunung

because the exposed section was

Gendol. Each layer in the outcrop

shown waving layer with peaks and

can be measured then the measured

valleys.

that

underground

were
layer

shown
of

layer data can be equaled to borehole

data. Logical estimation was used to
estimate the soil layer thickness. The

was

exposed.

The

6. Conclusion
Recognizing

the

geologic

estimation was done with measuring

structure of the area without geologic

soil thickness in the top, upper slope,

structure information in geologic

middle slope, and the lower slope of

map will be very important. If there

Gunung Gendol. The information

is just little geologic information

from soil thickness measurement

available

then correlated to the borehole data

structure can be analyzed to get more

for considerate soil thickness in

geologic information. When the

some area without any outcrop or

geologic structure information not

borehole data.

available in geologic map, it can be

The model was created in two

times. The first model created in full
dimension.

The

full

dimension

model used full size of area of

interest. The second model created to
clearer the geologic structure of
Gunung Gendol. The second model
was created by cutting the first
model dimension. The first model
dimension didnt show the clear
geologic structure in Gunung Gendol

obtained

in

an

from

area,

three

geologic

dimension

borehole data modeling. From the

stratigraphic

model

of

Gunung

Gendol, it was clear and can be said

that the rock layers of Gunung
Gendol showed the anticline rock
layer bedding characteristic.
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8

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