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INTRODUCTION
A. Background of The Study
Literature is the kind of writing that used language in special way. In
technical term, it is called estranging or defamiliarizing as opposed today or
ordinary use of language. First of all not all literary work, a novel or drama
use the language with this estranging effect. They are still characterized as
literature. Other definition of literature namely literature as fictional writing
and literature as belles letter are easier to refute. Literature is as 'imaginative'
writing in the sense of fiction - writing which is not literally true. (Eagleton,
2005:1)
Literary genre is a category of literature composition. Genre may be
determined by literary technique, tone, content or even (as in the case of
fiction) length. Genre should not be confused with age category. By which
literature may be classified as adult, young adult or children. They must not
be confused with the format. The most general genres in the literature are
epic, tragedy, comedy, novel, short story and creative nonfiction. They can all
be in genre prose or poetry which shows the best how lousily genres are
defined.
A novel is a fictional piece of prose usually written in a narrative
style. Novels tell stories, which are typically defined as a series of events
described in a sequence. The novel has been a part of human culture for over
different shades and there is also additional (expansion), in the film there is
also an ellipsis (removal time and the time of the telling of the story) the story
in the novel. Eneste (1991: 78).
Various reasons underlie the process of transformation from novel to
film. For these reasons, among others because of a well-known novel, so that
the general public is familiar with the story of the novel. In the end,
commonly supports commercial aspects. Reason last is because the idea of
the novel is considered good by the community and screenplay writer. The
emergence of the phenomenon of the film adaptation of the novel into shape a
change in the substance of the discourse that gave rise to the term
Ecranization. The term was raised by Bluestone, which means the process of
moving or changes in the shape of a novel into film. Bluestone (1957: 5).
Regarding the transformation from novel to film, one of the novel is
interesting to analyze the work of Emily Bronte's novel Wuthering Heights
entitled. Wuthering Heights is one of the classic works in English literature
that elevates the name of Emily Bronte (1818-148) into one of the great
figures in British literature. This novel is the story of a family saga about two
love stories never get. But this is not the usual sentimental love story as
Emily Bronte packaged in a compelling story with characters turn dark
characters vividly and candid. Wuthering Heights itself is the name of a large
house in Yorkshire UK. The story of this novel begins with the arrival of Mr.
Who met Mr Lockwood. Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights for rent
Thrushcross Grange, Heathcliff owned a house that is located not too far
away with Wuthering Heights. His meeting with Mr. Heathcliff that seem
strange and rude to make Mr. Lockwood tried to find out about the history of
Wuthering Heights Heathcliff and Miss. Ellen Dean, a housekeeper who had
long worked in Wuthering Heights. From the speech of Miss Dean is the
story of Wuthering Heights revealed in detail until the last pages of this
novel. Therefore, the authors chose the novel and the film Wuthering Heights
to be analyzed.
Based on the statement above, the researcher would like to conduct an
analysis of transformation with the title WUTHERING HEIGHTS: A
TRANSFORMATION FROM NOVEL INTO FILM.
B. Statements of Problem
Based on the background above, the fundamental problems in this the
study is a film depiction reveal differences and novel Wuthering Heights.
This problem can be follow as:
1.
2.
2.
2. Novel
Naturally, novels could not receive wide distribution until the use of
printing presses became common throughout the world. Even so, a few
fictional works from the medieval and early modern periods stand out as
landmarks of literary style. Chaucer's Canterbury Tales is still taught to
lecture-halls full of English literature majors today as one of the earliest
celebrated novels.
Throughout the centuries, the novel stumbled along with great waxing
and waning in popularity. Many modern examples held up as great novels
were written throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, when novels finally
gained a permanent position as an acceptable form of literature. Since that
time, novels have become the most common form of published literature, far
outpacing the published plays, poetry, and works of non-fiction that once
held sway over the literate world.
Novels are often beloved for their creation of spectacular worlds,
empathetic characters, and carefully thought-out arguments. They are often
seen as a boundless realm of exploration and creativity, with subgenres
springing up to include nearly every type of subject that can be written about.
The literary style remains cost-effective despite the range of imaginary things
that can be put into novels; unlike the soaring costs of special effects and
computer graphics needed to make a fantastical movie, a novel requires only
imagination and talent to create massive worlds and detailed characters.
3. Film
Film meaning, Einstein suggested in 1925, occurs by a collision of
filmic ideas. This collision occurs in the form of Shots (which are, he
suggested, the basic units or elements of film form) in opposition. Each shot
must correspond to a concept or feeling, so pictured as to present to the
audience an idea. The following shot in the sequence presents to the audience
another idea, but one in opposition, one designed expressly to create a
conflict or collision of ideas. From this collision of ideas comes a synthesis
a new idea, depending upon the previous shots, but not being merely
additive. (Worth:1981: 159,160)
The film medium makes use of visual images, as compared to the
novel which has a vast vocabulary in its disposal. If in a novel the writer has
described, for instance, a certain kind of an armchair, then in a film the
spectator sees an armchair and for some spectator it can be just an armchair,
but for others it could be a unique piece of antique furniture, or as Monaco
(2000: 155-159) describes it different people perceive visual images with
different level of sophistication. In such a way spectator can read more into
film that actually depicted and readers of a novel have usually the limited
information provided by the author. Thus both media can be equally
demanding for the readers and spectator.
4. Ecranization
Visual interpretation of creativity, different from the concept of
intellectual, creative process in the form of the creation of literary art upon
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literary elements and different materials to meet the needs of the filmmaking
process.
Changes inevitable in a transformation of the text into a movie is a
dramatization that can give a more explicit interpretation of a film than with
the interpretation of literary texts are full of signs and symbols (Isaacs in
Maddux et al., 1970: 155).
G. Research Method
1.
Design
Research Design is to describe and to analyze the transformation that
Approach
An approach means the basic principle that is used by the researcher
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3.
film and read the Novel, determining part to the whole of the film,
understanding and interpreting the film.
4.
Instrument
The researcher use instrument novel and film of Wuthering Heights to
6.