APPARATUS

1.

R-134-A Compressor.

2.

Power supply.

3.

Water inlet and water outlet.

4.

Filter dryer.

5.

Evaporator.

6.

Water.

7.

Control valve.

PROCEDURES
General start-up procedures :
1. Make sure the unit and all instruments are in proper condition.
2. Make sure that the both water source and drain are connected then the water supply is
open and the cooling water flowrate is set at 1.0 LPM.
3. Make sure that connect the drain hose at the condensate collector.
4. The power supply is connected and the main power is switch on follows by main
switch at the control panel.
5. The refrigerant compressor is switch on and then when the temperature and pressure
is constant, the unit is now ready for experiment.
General shut-down procedures :
1. The compressor is switch off then follows by main switch and power supply.
2. Make sure that water is not left running when the water supply is close.
Experiment 1: Determination of power input, heat output and coefficient of
performance.
1. Follow the procedures from the general start-up.
2. The cooling water flow rate is set to 40%.
3. Run the system for 15 minutes.
4. All the readings is recorded into the experimental data sheet.
Experiment 2: Production of heat pump performance curves over a range of source and
delivery temperatures.
1. Follow the procedures from the general start-up.
2. Set the cooling water flow rate to 80%.
3. Run the system for 15 minutes.
4. All the readings is recorded into the experimental data sheet.
5. The experiment is repeated with reducing the water flow rate to make the cooling
water outlet temperature rises by 3C.
6. Similar steps is repeated until the compressor delivery pressure reaches around 14.0
bars.
7. The experiment is repeated with different ambient temperature.

Experiment 3: Production of vapour compression cycle on p-h diagram and energy

balance study.
1. Follow the procedures from the general start-up.
2. The cooling water flow rate is set to 40% and let the system run for 15 minutes.
3. All the readings is recorded into the experimental data sheet.
Experiment 4: Production of heat pump performance curves over a range of
evaporating and condensation temperatures.
1. Follow the procedures from the general start-up.
2. Set the cooling water flow rate to 80%.
3. Run the system for 15 minutes.
4. All the readings is recorded into the experimental data sheet.
5. The experiment is repeated with reducing water flow rate to make the compressor
delivery pressure rises by 0.6 bars. The evaporating temperature (TT4) is maintain by
covering part of the evaporator to lowering the evaporating load.
6. Similar steps is repeated with water flow rate not less than 20% and make sure the
compressor delivery pressure not more than 14.0 bars.
7. The experiment is repeated with another constant evaporating temperature (TT4).
Experiment 5: Estimation of the effect of compressor pressure ratio on volumetric
efficiency.
1. Follow the procedures from the general start-up.
2. The cooling water flow rate is set to 40%.
3. Run the system for 15 minutes.
4. All the readings is recorded into the experimental data sheet.
5. The experiment is repeated with different compressor delivery pressure.

DISCUSSION
The refrigeration laboratory was conducted to gain a better understanding of the vapourcompression refrigeration cycle and to compare the ideal cycle with the real cycle. In this
laboratory, tap water was used as the refrigerant and the mass flow rate of water coming into
the evaporator and the condenser was varied.
The refrigeration cycle which was observed in the laboratory had a number of variables
which give a deviation when calculating COP using experimental data. This deviation is a
result of measuring equipment, the setup of the equipment and human errors in reading the
different gauges. When do the calculations, the values used were ones that were obtained
from the experiment but when do the calculations in group, its assumed that to have an ideal
refrigeration cycle. Although the data that was taken and the calculations were performed
very carefully, the values obtained from the actual refrigerator will not be equal to those of
the ideal refrigerator.
In experiment 1, the purpose is to determine the power input, heat output and coefficient of
performance of a vapour compression heat pump system. The coefficient of performance or
COP of a heat pump is a ratio of heat output to the power input. The COP may more than 1.
In experiment 2, the purpose is to produce the performance of heat pump over a range of
source and delivery tempratures. In this experiment, the water flow rate has been taken by
20% followed by 40% and 60%.
For experiment 3, this experiment is to perform energy balances for the condenser and
compressor. In this experiment, vapor compression refrigeration cycle process occur. The
components of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle is compressor, condenser, expansion
valve, and evaporator. A low pressure, low temperature liquid is converted to vapor in the
evaporator. Thus absorbing heat from the refrigerated space and keeping that space cool. The
fluid is bring around by the compressor which compresses the low temperature, low pressure
vapor leaving the evaporator to high pressure, high temperature vapor. That vapor is
condensed to liquid in the condenser. Thus giving off heat at a high temperature to the
surrounding environment. Finally the high pressure, high temperature liquid leaving the
condenser is cooled and reduced in pressure by passing it through an expansion valve. This
provides the input to the evaporator. This vapor compression cycle is widely used in
refrigeration system, including refrigerators and refrigeration air conditioning.

For experiment 4, based on the COPh graph that we plot, COPh is increase slightly and
directly proportional to evaporation temperature while the power input is constant at 160W.
From the graph of heat deliver against evaporating temperature, the heat is increase with
directly proportional to evaporating temperature.Then, from the graph of COPh and power
input against condensing temperature, the graph of the power input is constant at 160W while
the graph of the COPh is decrease very slightly. Next, from the graph of heat deliver against
condensing temperature is decrease slightly. However, all the graph that we plot are not so
accurate due to some error while the experiment was conducted.
Finally for experiment 5, this experiment is to determine the compression ratio and
volumetric efficiency. At first, the cooling water flow rate is set to 40%. From the reading
that taken from the experiment, pressure from P1 that we get is low than P2. The
compression ration P2 to P1 that we get after the calculation is 4.40 while the volumetric
effieciency that we get after calculation is 204.9% but the result not so accurate due to
some error that occur while the experiment was conducted.

CONCLUSION
The cooling water and refrigerant flow rate display is in percentage (%).The formula to
convert cooling water and refrigerant flow rate to LPM is :

Cooling water flow rate, Cfr (LPM) =

Refrigerant flow rate, Rfr (LPM) =

The Coefficient of Performance is calculated by using the formula :

COPh =
while for heat output is calculated by using the formula:
Heat output = Cfr x specific heat capacity x T
From all the experiment, we can conclude that, the higher flow rate of water, the lower the
coefficient of performance. For the temperature, the lower the flow rate, the higher the
temperature of refrigerator. The power input for all water flow rates approximately around
159W to 162W.