Tourism and hospitality turned out to be one of the very important industry all over the world.

Even the
governments also started to concentrate on this field as it became one of the major revenue source. The
ministries of tourism development made lots of recreational work to attract tourist all over the world.
For this work the research is very important to gather knowledge about what attracts the tourists, what
need to be done for attract more tourists and it is important to get the statistics to keep tab on the
growth rate to identify the impact of the improvement measures made.
There is lots of interaction between the peoples from different countries, communities, religions,
regions, language, races. These interactions greatly boost up the tourism and hospitality around the
world. Various new techniques and research methodologies are needed to identify and fulfill the
requirements of the tourist and find out the customer satisfaction and make innovative steps to attract
more number of them and to get a clear picture about the issues which affects tourism, and get proper
solution for that. The research is more important for this industry and various research theories evolved
all around the world and researches, case studies and surveys on various aspect of tourism and
hospitality.
ADVANTAGES OF TOURISM:Tourism is one of the worlds most rapidly growing industries. It is also one of the driving factor of the
global economy of the 21st century. Much of its growth is due to increased leisure time, increased
income, travelling cost.
Due to technological development like computers and internet tourists can easily find the places and get
information about the places which they want to visit, can find out best accommodation and hotels and
it also able to compare the cost and decide which is best and made effective plans for their tours.
As for as the tours are concerned they must be made in the right time of the year especially the climate
must be considered the internet makes its possible to decide which time of the year is best to visit the
place, they can know about the climate, culture of the native people, the details about the foods and
much more important informations about the place where they are going to visit. It encouraged people
to travel a lot and its made them feels confident because they know each and every step of their travel
and can manage even some unexpected problem arises,
This new trend made the tourism jobs very challenging, the holiday makers want a good return for what
the cost they pay. The increase in tourism made lots of changes in the life of the people globally it
provide more employment opportunity, increases the income of the people, generates foreign exchange
, builds on the existing infra structure, diversifies the economy and it also develops the local products
and resources.
EVALUATION OF TOURISM RESEARCH:Research in the field of tourism and hospitality has been started in early 18th century the knowledge
about the tourism and hospitality during the Middle Ages are mainly come from
The pope/priest who has act as the religious heads those who are the one who is very powerful and has
control over the social life of the people also. TRADITION the tradition of the people once peoples
started to travel from one place to other place the tradition of the peoples are also started to spread
around the world. The tradition of the tourists and native people started to mingle and the traditions

started to modified and the changes automatically attracts the researchers who concentrated in the
patterns on the social changes in the peoples life. The changes based on the number of
tourist visit, their period of stay, their interaction and the relationship between the tourist and natives
plays a vital role in the traditional change. The traditions cannot be changed easily it will take a
considerable period of time associated with other factors. Tourism plays an important role in
intermingling the traditions and cultures of various country peoples around the
world. The tourism not only affects the tradition of local people but also make considerable changes in
the tradition of the tourists country also.
Tourism and hospitality are now one of the fast developing business sector of this century. In olden days
its not easy to travel from one place to other place the mode of travelling, climate, language problem
are major hurdles for the travel it takes long period of time to travel from one place to other place most
of the travels are made either for the purpose of business or as pilgrimage rather than tourism.
Due to the development in the transport the invention of fast travelling vehicles made the travelling
faster as well as easier and less costlier. This change made it possible for the people who is curious
about other parts of the world and cultures of the people around the world.
The language, dressing, lifestyle and culture started to attract not only the common people it also
started to attract the scholars like philosophers and researchers who is interested about the peoples
around the world. This interest triggered them to make close communication with the foreigners and
they started to record the culture and language of the visitors and started to compare the difference
and uniqueness of the visitors culture, language and life style with their own and with other foreign
visitors. These are the foundations of researchs in the field of tourism and hospitality.
The rational thinking by the philosophers and researchers based on the various notes and chronological
record of events and detailed notes about the cultural, traditional practices and life style of the peoples
of various places left by the priest who played an important role in day to day life of the local people and
the personal diaries, notes and communication left behind by the people who travelled around the
world which had lots of information about the travelling pattern, food, natural attractions and travelling
modes helped researchers to widen the scope of research in the field of tourism and hospitality.
The researchers mainly focused on the social science, natural science, religious aspects palmistry and
faith of the people and their traditional sharing and development based on the tourism and
hospitality for coming to various assumptions and formed various theories
The researchers and philosophers formed
various research theories based on the
assumptions:1. Classical theory The assumption in classical theory is people are working because of the
pay.
2. Systems theory This theory slightly varied from the classical theory in this theory it is
assumed that the people are happily working because along with the

pay they get better treatment from the management also.

TOURISM RESEARCH OVERVIEW:The researchers help to find out the origin, age, education, income and spending habits and travel
patterns, life
style and activity preferences of the tourists and get the picture about what the tourist like and dislikes
about the
destination and the travel informations importance, the impression of adverting and the overall
satisfaction of the
visitors.
Not only the private persons. But, the Governments is also started to concentrate on tourism
development. It also
initiated various researches to introduce several development programmes, to follow up the
improvements, to
rectify difficulties and made other necessary developments to attract the tourist for increase its
revenue.
Research methodologies generally differentiate the research approaches in 3 different categories
Positivism and post positivism
Inter pretivism
Critical theory
The positivism is mainly focused and based on the positive data there are chances of falsification
because of the
nature of the datas involved and to overcome the possibility of falsification, the scientific research
method is used
in the scientific or quantitative method the datas used in this method is numerical datas and surveys
easily
comparable and very reliable.
There are various approaches and dimensions for the research in tourism and hospitality industry
- Theoretical research
-Applied research
-Empirical research
-Non Empirical research

-Induction method
-Deduction method
-Descriptive research
-Explanatory research
-Positivist research
-Interpretive research
-Experimental research
-Non Experimental research
-Qualitative research
-Quantitative research
1. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH :This research method is the research on the great deal of information about the small number of
people. Its a
research based on the sociological, Phenomenological, Observational research rather than the research
based on
figures, numbers, percentages if the various aspects of the subject.
The qualitative research method is based on interviews, observations, questionnaires, focus groups,
reports and
case studies. It not relied on the numerical datas or statistics.
Furthermore qualitative research is the assumption
Qualitative research is a research method used to analysis the reasons why the tourists select one place
over
another, why one place attract more tourists than the other. This method used to understand, describe,
and
dissect the problems and find out the reason and the solution for the problem or complexity by way of
using
techniques like assumption, understanding and try to find out the solution.
This method is one of the alternative methodological approach which has been recognised in lots of
fields and it is
against the old positivism approach.

Generally qualitative research is starting from an inductive position, to build up the theoretical concept
related
framework because of the present literatures or theories may mislead.
However, Miles and Huberman (1994) stated that:
Researchers usually have idea about the study, a provisional initial
conceptual frame work and for the new , in experienced or time
constrained researchers it is always better to have some basic idea
about what they are looking for it may change over the time.
Qualitative data are not based on the statistical report but it is
basically a content based data. It balance the impersonal nature of
fact with the statistics or personal information given by individuals for the research.
This methodology in tourism research is a collection of life stories of persons, interviews and participant
observation. It also shows the group of person relevant to the research and why they are related to the
research.
DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES:Qualitative datas are non numerical. Hence, the term empirical material was used by Researchers to
refer the
term data in Qualitative Research.
The Interviews, observation, Focus groups, Non statistical methods.
Interviews:Interview is a technique used in qualitative research to get the in depth knowledge of the participant
about the
research theme. It is also used to describe the theme effectively and it mainly concentrate in the factual
and
meaning level.
It is mainly used in interviews concentrate in the sociological researches. Types of interviews used in
qualitative
research
-- Unstructured interview Unstructured interview are otherwise called life history interviews because
they

mainly concentrate on the facts about once personal and intimate information. This method allows the
researcher
to ask as many question as he needed to sort out the fact.
In this type of interview the researcher must alert because this interviews produce a great deal of
information
which is more difficult to analyse.
-Semi structured interview Semi structured interviews are generally used in the qualitative
sociological
research. This type of interviews must be conducted by schedule and need to prepare list of questions
and topics
because in this type interview the researched want to know the specific information and then compare
it with the
other informations he gathered so, same questions need to be asked in all the interview on the same
topic.
Observations:Observation is a technique that is not directly involves the questing of participants its merely the
observation of
what is happening and gathering the data by way of that observation. It is very useful for gathering
datas about
certain categories like children and infants.
The researchers observes in two ways,
The direct observation and
The participant observation
The direct observation generally uses the one way mirrors and video camera technologies in certain
circumstance
to observe. Researches in field of health and psychology generally on the direct observation method.
The participation observation is viewed as a method as well as a methodology, in this method the
observer
become one of the participant, it is also a time consuming process this type generally used in
anthropological and
sociological researches.
Focus groups:-

Focus groups may be group discussion or the group interview. A particular issue
discussed by number of people who gathered in one place. It helps to get
qualitative feedback. The focus groups in the tourism and hospitality industries
influences on the investment of the companies in this industry.
In this method it is possible to get more number of ideas in the same place and it is also possible to get a
majority
aspect of a particular theme easily rather than collecting the informations individually and then come to
a
conclusion. In this type of group discussion its possible to analyse one view over others and question the
others
why they come to this conclusion. The technological advancements helps a lot in the group discussions
by way of
video conferencing, skype, webcams and all.
Customer feedback cards:
The customer feedback cards generally used to collect the
comments about a particular product, a particular service or a
particular place. It is very useful to get the majority view of the
advantage and disadvantage about that service or product.
This method generally used in marketing, tourism and hospitality
industries to gather the idea or to decide what improvements should
be made to attract more number of people and know which is greatly preferred by the people and what
should be
done for the customer satisfaction.
In tourism and hospitality industry this technique is used by restaurants, hotels, travel agencies on other
service
providers in that industry
Non statistical datas :published and unpublished documents like company reports, memos, letters, email messages, reports,
faxes and
news paper articles are considered as written data sources also plays an important role in the qualitative
research

data collection.
DATA ANALYSIS IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH:Analysing qualitative data is not a simple procedure, Its a time consuming procedure and the researcher
have to
go through thousands of informations he collected and sort out them before got a clear picture about
what sort of
result he got.
The draw back in analysing the qualitative data is it is associated with the social life the researcher
carried out his
research using various techniques to collect the data and the long period of time it consume makes a
significant
impact in the final conclusion because of the social change in the passing time. When the researcher
analysing
the collected data he has to consider the social circumstance at the time of its collection to come to a
correct
conclusion otherwise it leads the researcher in a wrong direction and make him come to a wrong
conclusion.
The Subjective analysis and The Objective analysis are the data analysis method used in the qualitative
and
quantitative research methods.
The subjective analysis used is usually applied to analysis of qualitative datas. For example analyse the
impact of
culture on tourism, analyse the aspects which affects the tourism, analyse the facts plays a role in
perception of
tourism place select.
LIMITATIONS
When it comes to qualitative research it varies from time to time along with the cultural changes, the
hurdles by
language difference and difference in the approaches that would affect the tourism participants.
2. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH:The quantitative research method is a research based on the datas. It is the scientific approach of the
problem

and it is one of the traditional method of approach. This research generally held when we need the
result in
numerical form, it is useful to divide people into different category based on their interest. It is very
useful to
quantify the opinions. For example, the increase in middle clause peoples spending in tourism, find out
the
increase in international tourism. This method is very useful if any issue involve mass peoples opinion it
is easy to
use the quantitative research method rather than a qualitative method to find out the majority opinion.
This method analysis the theory deductively by comparing the relationship between the existing datas
and the
proposed research results. According to Duffy (1985) the Quantitative research is based on the
random selection
of sample from various study groups and collect datas over a particular population.
As per the study of Backmon and riemans (1987) the experimental
and quasi experiments gives the essential datas to the research to
control and manipulate the independent variable to study the effects
on the dependent variable. But this is not possible in the quantitative
research because this research method dismisses the individual
variable as unimportant.
The quantitative research is a research based on the numerical and
figurative datas of various aspect collected by the researcher. The
researcher can come to a conclusion or get solutions to various problems by comparing and analysing
statistics.
The quantitative research method is used in tourism related researches also the year wise datas of the
tourist visit
to a particular spot, finding out the reason for the increase or decrease of tourist visit to that area by
taking
interviews and surveys from the tourist as well as local peoples.
Further that this method is used to find out the success of various development measures taken by the
government as well as the innovative improvement activities made out by the private entrepreneurs for
the

development of the area, how the improvements attracts more number of tourist around the world.
As per UNWTOs World Tourism Barometer (volume 10 , July,2012) :Based on the reports of 85 countries, UNWTO estimated that destinations worldwide recorded 285
million
International tourist between January and April 2012, some 15 million more than the 270 million
recorded in the
same period in 2011.
Limitations:
But this method is not useful if we want in-depth research about a certain issue, it only give the broader
and
swallow detail and the details regarding facts alone and the simple issues.
DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES:The data collection techniques of the quantitative research method are surveys, questionnaires,
structured
interviews, customer feed back
Surveys
Questioners
Structured interviews
Surveys:
Surveys are the best method of collecting the statistical data. It is one of the primary data collection
techniques of
quantitative data collection and it is also a non experimental method. This method especially very useful
for the
researches in the tourism and hospitality industries because this technique is very useful to get the
direct and
comparable datas.
Cross sectional survey: survey taken in the same point of time basically the questionnaires is used. In
tourism and
hospitality industry it is used for the surveys like no of tourist visited u.k in 2011.
Longitudinal survey: This technique is the survey taken over a long period of time on the same aspect to
compare

whether the rate of tourist inflow increased, the increase in the per capita income of the native people.
Comparing
the no of visitors of Olympics 2007 and 2012.
There are many of surveys methods such as customer in person surveys like Electronic surveys like
survey
through telephone, online surveys. The technological development made the survey really easier,
speedy and
economic the electronic surveys like the survey through the telephone, mobile or the survey through
online are
very effective and made the surveys covering wider area and millions of people around the world.
Questionnaires:
A questionnaire is one of the important tool in collecting the quantitative datas. It is useful only to
gather the
factual and straight forward information.
Generally questionnaires are paper pencil methods or web based
questioner, the paper pencil methods made people more truthful
because many people feel comfortable in this indirect method rather
than respond in face to face direct methods. So often the paper
pencil method is more useful.
There are 3 types of questionnaires:
Closed ended questionnaires
Open ended questionnaires
Combination of both
Closed ended questionnaires are generally yes or no type or optional type and in this type of
questionnaire the
answers already given and the participants only have to select the answers. This type used in survey
methods.
Open ended questionnaires:
In the open ended questionnaires the answers are in descriptive type. In this method
the blank space provided below the question for the answer. It is used to know what the people think
about the

place or about the service.

Combination of both:
Now a days the Combination of both the open and closed end questionnaires are effective way used for
research.
In this method both the objective as well as descriptive type questions. The optional type questions are
used to
get the direct question and the descriptive type questions in the same questionnaires to get more
details about the
same issue for detailed and in depth knowledge.
Structured interviews:In Quantitative research structured interviews are often used to collect datas. In this method it is very
easy to get
direct datas rather than getting an indirect one but its a one of time consuming and expensive method.
In structured interview can be conducted Face to face, with help of computers and webcams and over
the
telephones. Face to face interview is the one of the best form of interview rather than the telephone
interview or
computer assisted personal interviews. In the face to face interview it is more possible to get the
detailed and
direct answers.
DATA ANALYSIS IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH:Analysing the quantitative datas the researchers can able to get a clear picture of customer satisfaction
and need
of improvement, growth of the hospitality business, economic impact of tourism among the local
community.
In analysing the datas in quantitative research techniques the researchers uses various types of
analysing
methods such as Descriptive statistics, regression analysis, time series regression and input output
method.
The objective method usually applied the analyse the quantitative datas. It examines the data in
scientific method
in the prospect of other branches indicated by the methodology. For example analysing the impact of
economy

and ecology on tourism.

3. CRITICAL THEORY:Critical theory is the research developed by the Frankfurt school (horkheimer, Adorno, Marcuse and
Habermas).
This critical theory meaning referred by its difference from other research types and its roots traced to
marx and
Hegel. To some extent critical theory have some aspects of constructionism such as the cultural and
historical
knowledge and hat knowledge is specific it interlinks the social action and culture.
THE CONCEPT OF CRITICAL TOURISM:
There are many meanings for the word critical and we have to single out a particular meaning to use in
tourism
research. Critical is a special category of importance where the failure to understand and act may result
in
irretrievable loss.
The tourism research has the issues like critical incident analysis
and critical success factors hence it is considered as critical
research. There is another meaning for critical it is based on the
notion that close scrutiny of the fact, identifying the weaknesses and
wrongs and offering correct judgement for the considered issue.
There are many examples of such research in tourism
Analysing consumer satisfaction and destination, quality to
evaluation of sustainable
practices. Both of these usages of the term are familiar to those in the tourism and hospitality industry.
But neither
reflects the precise use of the term for the tourism research where discussion will engage in the more
specialised
and technical meaning of the term as deployed in the concept of critical theory. Critical theory shares
the concepts
of constructionism it clearly distinguishes itself from constructionism in lot of important ways.

Kincheloe and McLaren (2003) enumerate the major concerns of critical theory and these are illustrated
in table
one which organises them around eleven domains. These domains and their associated objectives are
now
discussed. A key distinguishing feature of critical theory.
Habermass (1978) contribution is very important in the critical theory, particularly his theory of
knowledgeconstitutive
interests, where he concludes that there is no interest-free knowledge. For example in Knowledge and
Human Interests he argues that knowledge derived from positivist methodology generally serves
technical
interests in particular those of management and control and the finding of technical solutions to
problems.
Considering the importance of this technical
solutions takes the current ordering of things as given whereas for critical theory the deliberately fore
grounded
things by current ordering is considered as a possible problem.
The critical theory approach to tourism research is to conclude what interest the people, which interest
is served
and how the power operated in the particular formation of tourism research as well as int he process of
tourism
and hospitality.
Kincheloe and McLaren (2003:437) explains that:- the critical theory rejects the crude forms of economic
determinism (domain two) and rather posits that there are multiple forms of power. The most
relevant discourse
and ideology for tourism over structuralist explanation based on simple economic determinism is the
post
structuralist concept of ideology and discourse.
The next goal of critical theory is its interest in emancipation. Grundy (1987:99) describes the critical
theory - as
leading to a transformation in the way in which one perceives and acts in the world. The result of the
emancipation is must be the production and consumption of tourism. In other words critical theory
entertains ideas

about ideal place and the good life for tourism with a particular emphasis in unleashing human agency
and
autonomy.
A critique of technical rationality is formed it focused on means rather than ends and it demonstrates
how in this
respect critical theory differs from positivism. Positivism generally values the freedom, excluding the
question of
ethical and moral aspect which cannot be defined and concluded by the appeal to facts. It thereby rules
out the
consideration of what might or ought to be in favour of what is so that only means, facts and theory
remain.
Young (1989:2) observes - society which exists is only an imperfect
representation of what it could be as a key concern for the critical
theorists.
Gibson (1986:37) explains that for critical theory: knowledge and
interest in emancipation coincide and thus make for those unities
which positivism severs - theory and practice, means and ends,
thought and action, fact and value, reason and emotion.
A further aspect of critical theory is an understanding of the manifestation of the researcher and
research theme
and indeed an admission of first person reporting in research where positivism insists on third person
distancing of
the researcher in their reportage. In this way identity, sex and emotions are considered as part of a
complex set of
factors that can influence research and therefore deserve reflexive recognition in along with issues of
rationality
and power.
For one important reason the Critical theory sets itself apart from interpretivism. It does not necessary
to believe
the research result of the researcher to get a true reading of the world. It is wary of the possibility of
their false or at
the very least, not fully engaged consciousness and their inability to escape the knowledge - conventions
of their

period or culture. For example when witchcraft was an accepted explanation of human activity
interpretivist
research would have resulted in rich accounts of the phenomenon without necessarily challenging the
concept.
Barnett (2003:56) describes false consciousness as the situation where that which is contingent is seen
as
inevitable. That which is iniquitous is seen as just. That which is imposed is seen as natural.
Ideology is considered as key to critical theory. Ideology has two unique meanings. The overarching
network
guidelines which has the ideas that frame, direct and inform the thinking.
Marx and Engels (1845:53) played an significant role in developing the concept of ideology and they
identified the
ruling ideology, that is the ideology of the dominant class.
The ideas of the ruling classes are in every epoch the ruling ideas, i.e. the class which act as a ruling
material
force of society, at the same time it acts as a counterpart of ruling intellectual force. The class which has
the
material production at its disposal at the same time have the control over the mental production, so
generally
speaking the idea of them whose dont have control over the mental or intellectual production are
subject to it.
Ideology also have a discrete and coherent belief systems. That systems have a long and ranging
ideology such
as political system for, e.g. Communism, Idea system e.g. Pantheism, Utilitarianism, liberalism and
Confucianism
to religious faiths such as Judaeo - Christianity, Mohammedism and Hinduism.
The work of critical theory is to identify the influence of ideology at research work and Habermas
deployed
ideology critique as a method of identification of ideology and a possible means of escape from
ideology. Critiques
encourages the self-understanding and the placing of representation of the world in the competition
with other
possible views of the world.

The Materialism is the ideology which concerns with the literature, research and the activities in the
tourism as it
suggests the underlying dominant common sense view. The basic idea of tourism is it should bring
profit or it
should be organised for profit, it should not only concentrate on the profit it must also take the
satisfaction of the
paying tourist this is the common-sense back ground in which the tourism research operates
This common sense background ideology promotes the specific kind
of knowledge which concentrates on the marketing, measurement,
management and planning while there are the natural questioning
components that acts as the main thrust inthe tourism and
hospitality business.
Gramscis (1971) concept of hegemony offers a more subtle reworking
of the Marxist reading of ideology. Gramsci does not hold
with the view that there is an explicit, conscious imposition of one
ideology by one group on a range of unwilling groups but rather that ideologies are negotiated.
The constructive power of language, the notion of discourse is revealed in more subtle and distributed
exercised
way is illustrated in the Foulcauldian (Foucault 1971; 1974; 1980).
Hall (1997:44) describes the discourse as "a group of statements which provide a language for talking
about ...a
particular topic at a particular historical moment."
Foucault was interested in the rules and practices that gave statements meaning and in turn regulated
what could
be said. He illustrated this by a study of how madness came to be constructed out of such discourses. In
particular
discursive formations perform a selector function by legitimising what counts as knowledge and what
does not.
Discourses thereby regulate the bounds of the swayable and discourses of sustainability, amongst
others, may be
discerned in tourism research.

The critical theory also plays the important role in the controlling aspects of the culture. Here Kincheloe
and
McLaren (2003:436) are considers the ways in which the mass contemporary culture can be contribute
to the
situation where individuals have been acculturated to feel comfortable in relations of domination
and
subordination rather than equality and independence.
In tourism guide books, brochures, adverts, postcards and travel sections in the media are often
complicit in
portraying an uncritical, idealised, untroubled world of tourism. (Jaworski and Pritchard 2005). Examples
include
the plane as a symbol of escape and empowerment rather than of pollution: the five star hotel as the
ultimate in
luxury rather than a symbol of social class and division and the developing world as the playground of
the exotic
other rather than a site of development and self determination. Kincheloe and McClaren (2003) also
point to
pedagogical practices (domain ten) as being implicated in and contributing to the production of
hegemonic ways
of seeing. Summing up the key features of critical theory (domain eleven) Best (1997:ix) explains its role
as
follows:
THE EXTENT OF CRITICAL TOURISM:The findings here are based on data from the CAB International abstracts database CABABS. This is used
to
provide tentative indications of the overall dimensions of tourism research and relative size of critical
tourism
research. The CABI (www.leisuretourism.com) database (CABABS) contains abstracts from around 400
publications in leisure, sport, tourism and hospitality research from 1974 to the present. The data
collection
method was as follows. First a filter was applied to the database using the search code UU700 to narrow
the
search to just tourism entries. CABABS was then searched to provide data from tourism entries using a
variety of

different terms that might indicate use of the concept of critical tourism as discussed earlier. These are
based on
potential proxy terms that might indicate the presence of critical theory. The third column in table one
illustratesthe list of these terms. The list was compiled from keywords or authors names relating to
aspects of critical theory that were evident in columns one and two of table one or in the description
given in the text.
CONCLUSION:
The success of the tourism and hospitality industry comes from provision of quality service. For the
quality and efficient service lots of informations are needed the researches over last centuries gave a
vast and greatknowledge about the statergies for the well structured tourism management.. So it is
important to focus on theresearch to identify the changing trends and make innovative mode to attract
the tourist and maintain theattraction for a long term. Various types of researches are essential to
gather informations to solve the issues arises in tourism and hospitality.The private sectors also
contributed a significant role in the evaluation of the tourism research. The qualitative
research method, quantitative research method and critical theory are most important research
methods in tourism
research.