Job # 2

To determine the Horizontal angles of the Survey Scheme using Theodolite

1. Objective:

The main object is to measure the horizontal angles of the scheme using the theodolite, so that these values can
be used for the traverse computations of the scheme.
2.

Apparatus:
Theodolite
Tripod Stand
Ranging Rod

3. Scheme :
The scheme of which we are going to measure the horizontal angles is following:

4. Methods of Measuring Horizontal Angles:

There are two methods:
Repetition
Reiteration

4.1 Repetition Method:

A single angle
Procedure:

is measured usually four times and then its average value is taken.

1) To measure the angle

, the theodolite is set at point
O and then repetition mode of the theodolite is turned on
and the Face of the theodolite is taken as left.
2) Bisect the ranging rod placed at the station point A and set
the Theodolite angle as
(zero).
3) Now turn the theodolite and bisect the ranging rod at
station point B. Press the Hold button.(a reading will be
shown on the display screen)
4) Now again bisect the station Point A and Press R\L button.
5) Bisect Point B again, and Press Hold button.
6) Repeat this process 4 times and take the average value of
angle by dividing the Accumulated angle by number of
readings taken.

Now repeat this process by taking the Theodolite as Face Right.

Face Left readings and Face Right Readings are taken to ensure the Correctness of the Angle, thus
measured.
4.2 Re-iteration Method:
This method is used when two or more angles are to be measured at one Station point.
Procedure:
1) Set the theodolite at station Point O.
2) Bisect the point A measure the
by turning the theodolite and bisecting the point B.
3) Now Measure the
by bisecting the point C
4) The Horizon is closed by measuring the external angle
5) The sum of all angles must be equal to 36

Comparison:
Repetition Method

Re-iteration Method

When only one angle is to be measured at one

station point.
It is more accurate method.
Horizon is not closed at the instrument station.
When the precision of measurement of a
horizontal angle is desired to be more than the
least count of the instrument, repetition method is
used.
In this method, an angle is measured four times
and its average is taken.

When two or more angles are to be measured at

one station point.

Horizon is closed at the instrument station and

sum of all angles must be equal to
.

In this method, sub-angles at one station point

are measured. The sum of angles after closing
the horizon should be equal to
.

Scheme:
The horizontal angles of above mentioned scheme are measured by using Re-Iteration method.
5. Observation and Calculations:
The angle measurements for different angles at different stations by reiteration method are following:

I.S

Angle
Observed
<ABC

<CBD
<DBA
<CAD

<DAB
<BAC
<DGE

<FGE
<EGF

Face

Observed
Value

340350

R
L
R
L
R

340350
560925
560905
2694700
2694700

603035

Mean Value

340350
560915

603037.5
603040
393130
393135
393140
2595730
2595732.5
2595735

182600

182555
182550
470450
470450
470455
2942910
2942912.5
2942915

Corrected
Mean Value

Remarks

340345
+05

2694700

R
L
R
L
R

R
L
R
L
R

Error

560915

----

2694700
603042.5
-15

393140

----

2595737.5
182556.5
-2.5

470450
2942914

----

<ACB
C

<BCD
<DCA
<GFE

F
<EFG
I.S

Angle
Observed
<BDA
<ADC

D
<CDE
<EDB

455240

R
L
R
L
R

455240
370530
370520
2770130
2770130

141935

455240
370525

-25

2770130

141932.5
141930
3454050
3454052.5
3454055

R
L
R

455250
370530

----

2770140
141922.5
+25

---3454037.5
Corrected
Mean
Value

Face

Observed
Value

Mean
Value

L
R

501220
501340

501250

501250

363120

363115

363117.5

363117.5

924225

924210

1803430

1803440

Error

00

Remarks

----

924117.5

924117.5

1803435

1803435

6. Viva Voce
1.

Q.

What is a transit theodolite?

Ans A transit theodolite is type of theodolite that features a

2

What are fundamental lines of theodolite?

Ans Vertical axis, Horizontal axis, axis of the bubble tube, Line of collimation.
3

What are temporary adjustments of a theodolite?

Ans Fixing ,Centering, Leveling and focusing.

4

What are

Ans 1- Repetition
2- Reiteration
5

Define repetition method?

Ans When only one angle is measured from a point four times then this method is called repetition
method.

In which condition is reiteration method used?

Ans This method is used if there is more than one an

7

What is meant by face left and face right observations?

Ans When the vertical circle is on the left side of the observer then it is called face left obsevation and
when the vertical circle is at right side of the observer then this position is called face right position
8

What is another name for circular bubble?

Ans Bull's eye bubble , pill box bubble

10 Q

Which arithmetic check is applied for reiteration method?

Ans The sum of all angles measured at a point should be equal to