Analog circuits are usually complex combinations of op amps,

resistors, caps, and other foundational electronic components. This is

an example of a class B analog audio amplifier.
Digital circuits make use of components like logic gates, or more
complicated digital ICs (usually represented by rectangles with
labeled pins extending from them).
Combinational logic is used in computer circuits to perform Boolean
algebra on input signals and on stored data.
A multivibrator is an electronic circuit used to implement a variety of
simple two-state systems such as oscillators, timers and flip-flops. It is
characterized by two amplifying devices (transistors, electron tubes or
other devices) cross-coupled by resistors or capacitors. The name
"multivibrator" was initially applied to the free-running oscillator version
of the circuit because its output waveform was rich
in harmonics.[1] There are three types of multivibrator circuits
depending on the circuit operation:

astable, in which the circuit is not stable in either state it

continually switches from one state to the other. It functions as
a relaxation oscillator.

monostable, in which one of the states is stable, but the other

state is unstable (transient). A trigger pulse causes the circuit to
enter the unstable state. After entering the unstable state, the
circuit will return to the stable state after a set time. Such a circuit is
useful for creating a timing period of fixed duration in response to
some external event. This circuit is also known as a one shot.

A Digital Logic Gate is an electronic device that makes logical

decisions based on the different combinations of digital signals
present on its inputs. Digital logic gates may have more than one
input but generally only have one digital output. Individual logic gates
can be connected together to form combinational or sequential
circuits, or larger logic gate functions.

bistable, in which the circuit is stable in either state. It can be

flipped from one state to the other by an external trigger pulse. This
circuit is also known as a flip flop. It can be used to store one bit of

information.
In electronics, a flip-flop or latch is a circuit that has two stable states
and can be used to store state information. A flip-flop is a bistable
multivibrator. The circuit can be made to change state by signals
applied to one or more control inputs and will have one or two outputs.
It is the basic storage element insequential logic. Flip-flops and
latches are a fundamental building block of digital electronics systems
used in computers, communications, and many other types of
systems.
Register - We've discussed logic gates, the basic building blocks

for manipulating logic levels. In this section we'll introduce

registers, the basic building blocks for storing data.
There are different families of logic gates. Each family has its own
characteristics, limitations and advantages. Some families also have
common characteristics.

Introduction

In Digital Electronics, a logic family refers to digital integrated circuit

devices which are constructed witha combination ofelectronic gates. A
family has its own power supply voltage and distinct logic levels. Some
families were also introduced as individual components which were used to
design integrated circuits and also to interconnect them. Each family has its
own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. Also within each
family, there is a range of voltages which may be high level or low level.
These families are listed below:
Diode Logic (DL)
Resistor-Transistor Logic (RTL)
Diode-Transistor Logic (DTL)
Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL)
Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL)
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Logic (CMOS)
Let's look at each family's design according to their characteristics,
advantages, disadvantages, and use.
A decoder is a circuit which has n inputs and 2n outputs, and outputs 1 on the wire
corresponding to the binary number represented by the inputs. For example, a 2-4
decoder might be drawn like this:
A multiplexer is a device which allows one of a number of inputs to be routed to a
single output. Here is a 4-1 multiplexer.

Semiconductor memory is an electronic data storage device, often

used as computer memory, implemented on a semiconductorbased integrated circuit. It is made in many different types and
technologies.
Semiconductor memory has the property of random access, which
means that it takes the same amount of time to access any memory
location, so data can be efficiently accessed in any random order

Counter is a sequential circuit. A digital circuit which is used for a counting pulses
is known counter. Counter is the widest application of flip-flops. It is a group of
flip-flops with a clock signal applied. Counters are of two types.