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ISAAC PITMAN'S
SHORTHAND
INSTRUCTOR
A COMPLETE EXPOSITION OF
ISAAC
SYSTEM
PITMAN'S
OF PHONOGRAPHY
/^.
NEW YORK
ISAAC PITMAN & SONS,
WEST
45th
Toronto. Canada
J9W
STREET
Printed by
J. J. Little Sc
New York
City
Ives Co.
PREFACE.
THE
succeeding years,
PREFACE.
VI
No
teacher.
effort
has
been spared
to explain and
and simplest manner
possible.
Although students, as a
in understanding the
by sound,"
it is
rule,
experience no difficulty
method here
The advantage
in the present
It is obvious,
languages.
The
teachers
of
INTRODUCTION.
INTRODUCTION.
VIU
and
different,
both words.
But the
different
initial
INTRODUCTION.
IX
of Max-Miiller,
vowels.
The pronunciation
of
the
vowels,
as
Max-
is
ample
vowel.
student's attention
is,
therefore, directed to
vowels which
(a)
may
be described as more or
less obscure.
as
door,
tore,
sore,
is
for 6
is
INTRODUCTION.
of
the phonographic
employed
for a particular
word
what those
rationalljr
CONTENTS.
CHAP.
I.
IT.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
THE ALPHABET
LONG VOWELS
JOINED STROKES
12
17
.
21
22
25
29
33
37
the
CIRCLE
PAGE
5
VIII.
...
AND
39
STROKE S AND Z
X. LARGE CIRCLES SW AND SS OR SZ
XI. LOOPS si AND str
XII. INITIAL HOOKS TO STRAIGHT STROKES
XIII. INITIAL HOOKS TO CURVES
XIV. INITIAL HOOKS TO CURVES: ALTERNATIVE
FORMS
XV. CIRCLES AND LOOPS TO INITIAL HOOKS
XVI. n AND / HOOKS
XVII. CIRCLES AND LOOPS TO FINAL HOOKS
IX.
....
.
Shun HOOK
XIX. THE ASPIRATE
XX. UPWARD AND DOWNWARD T
XXI. UPWARD AND DOWNWARD I
XXII. COMPOUND CONSONANTS
XXIII. THE HALVING PRINCIPLE (SECTION
xi
52
57
62
67
73
78
83
94
.99
....
48
89
XVIII.
44
1)
104
108
112
CONTfcNTS.
Xll
CHAP.
XXIV.
PAGE
116
123
130
135
140
XXIX.
PREFIXES
146
153
....
CONTRACTIONS
160
XXXIII.
WRITING MATERIALS,
TRANSCRIPTION
XXXIV.
VOWEL INDICATION
NOTE-TAKING
....
172
AND
197
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY
XXXVII. BUSINESS PHRASES AND CONTRACTIONS
XXXVI.
....
....
....
XXXVIII.
LAW PHRASES
XXXVIII.
LEGAL CORRESPONDENCE
XXXIX. INTERSECTIONS
XXXIX.
XJCXIX.
XL.
XLI.
177
186
218
251
259
283
268
NAMES OF STATES
NAMES OF FIFTY PRINCIPAL
CITIES
272
DISTINGUISHING OUTLINES
273
271
PRACTICE
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF GRAMMALOGUES
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONTRACTIONS
INDEX
296
301
304
309
ISAAC
PITMAN'S
SHORTHAND
(PHONOGRAPHY).
CHAPTER
I.
The system
2.
When
phonographic
write in
letters,
1 (AO
2
3.
^ 3-6
for ordinary
phono-
may
of the
in the system.
6.
the explana-
rules
is
practice,
it is
advisable
'*l
tintil
The
him
in
handwriting.
7.
The system
is
teacher, however,
be made in
be experienced in finding a teacher, the publishers will be pleased to furnish any student with the
names and addresses of the nearest teachers of Pitman's
Shorthand. It should be pointed out that satisfactory
progress in acquiring the art of shorthand will only be
made if a certain portion of time is regularly devoted to
the study every day; or in the case of school or class
instruction, by a thorough and punctual performance of
the allotted portions of work forming the course. Study
at irregular intervals of time is of httle value; but an hour,
or a longer period, devoted daily to the task will give the
student knowledge of the system in a comparatively short
time, and constant and careful practice will bring speed
will
difficulty
and dexterity.
TABLE OF CONSONANTS.
Divisions
H'/
THE CONSONANTS.
^ 8-12
THE ALPHABET.
8. The simple or elemental sounds of which all the
words of our language are composed are naturally divisible,
according to the manner in which they are produced, into
two main groups consonants and vowels.
THE CONSONANTS.
9. "Consonants are the result of audible friction or
stopping of the breath in some part of the mouth or
all
h),
(except w,
y,
forms are used, namely, the straight hne and the shallow
curve, as shown in the following diagrams:
\1^
10.
The
e-
11.
The first
by a straight
pronouncing
them, the outgoing breath is forced in a sudden gust
through barriers previously closed.
12. The next eight, represented by an upright or
sloping curve, are called "continuants," because in uttering
these the outgoing breath, instead of being expelled
stroke, are called "explodents," because, in
THE CONSONANTS.
If
13-18
suddenly,
The
13.
mouth
by a
"nasals," represented
by
are produced
horizontal curve,
it
has to
The
14.
make double
where the
dry,
cZiff,
consonant.
15.
coalesce
vowel.
word
at,
and
and
the word
The
17.
b;
z;
and
and
is
changed into
hat.
first
sh
The
zh.
and heavy
is
consonant
The consonants
same stroke, but for
in the second.
by the
as
fore,
p,
6,
i,
d,
pair of consonants
natural relation
and the
is
V.
the
In
is
/,
v^
light
this,
V,
We
have, there-
written sign.
relates to the
etc.
is
stated.
of
THE CONSONANTS.
H 19-20
equal in length.
later still
letters,
alone, thus
v,
If made heavy
) z.
throughout they look clumsy: they should be thick in
the middle only, and should taper off at each end, except
when standing
joining such as v
^ or ^^^ h ng is made.
Thick strokes are never written upward.
19. As an aid to remembering the strokes for th and
when a
s,
?;
and right
20.
The consonants
is
s is
I
and
form the
Zeft
names
sound that
it
by a name which
invariably represents.
)
EXERCISES ON CONSONANTS.
Exercise
^ 20
1.
on
the line.)
^ ^ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\
P,B
T.D
$1
II
II
II
II
///////////// /
CH, J
(chay)
K,
$1
__
^. ^:^
(gay)
F,
<^\V^ V_^
TH,Tni(t(
^^
V.v^
((
((
V^^
((
((
((
(ith) (thee)
s,
)nj
(zee)
SH,ZH^^
(ish) (zhee)
JJ JJ JJ JJ
(ing)
(ray)
(way)
h''
day)
x^
^ ^ ^ ^
EXERCISES ON CONSONANTS.
^ 21-22
21.
ft
similar.
It is scarcely
possible, moreover,
an angle
at
chay,
ray.
If the pupil cannot,
22.
fair
copy
several
produce a
he should write them
1,
times,
Exercise
First copy
-^
2.
characters,
immediately below.
1.
\..\
]p
....
....
...
^..
/....
ch
2.
:^..\
4.
^..^....^....L....(....:^....).....
5.
6.
8.
\
\
1
_..{
^.....
I...
^..^
z....\ ..^.
....
/...
....
z...^
^.
h
...
^
r
/..
L.J....:^....2....)
^.... /.
\.../....\...
^...^^....^ _...
/....
L.^..c^....^..^
EXERCISES ON CONSONANTS.
10
Exercise
First copy
3.
longhand
line of the
immediately below.
The character
represented by "th";
and
1.
d,
(up),
2. zh, sh, z,
3. ng,
4.
m,
s,
h (down),
s,
th,
th, V,
th, g, d,
th, r (down)j
y,
f,
named
w, r (up),
g, k,
j,
sound heard
after
(down),
ng, n,
ch, d,
t,
1,
b, p, y, r
Write
the
sound heard
in each
8.
Wreath, wreathe,
fife,
f.
4.
9.
12.
w,
of the following:
1,
Came,
5.
m.
(down).
ch, b, g,
7.
4.
is
"th."
6.
3.
line
"thee," by
1.
2.
write
07i the
named "Hh,"
h (up), w, 1, r (up),
m, ch, g, y, j, t, b, s,
aloud,
th, v,
Exercise
and then
letters,
naming them
^ 22
five,
beach, beak.
George, gorge.
rail.
If
EXERCISES ON CONSONANTS.
22
11
Summary.
1.
is
phonetic,
words being
3.
4.
The
7.
Thin strokes are written sometimes upward, sometimes downward; thick strokes are never written
upward.
Strokes must be of a uniform length, about one-sixth
of an inch.
Strokes are written by one impression, and the thick
8.
The
5.
6.
is
is
written
downward;
written upward.
LONG VOWELS.
12
CHAPTER
II
23-25
n.
LONG VOWELS.
23. "If the mouth-passage is left so open as not to
cause audible friction, and voiced breath is sent through
it, we have a vowel."
(Prof. Sweet.)
24. There are six simple long vowel-sounds in the
English language, namely:
ah,
a,
e;
aiv,
as heard in the
hah
ale,
each;
o,
do;
words
all,
oak,
ooze.
aw
as in
as in oak; do as in ooze.
all; o
They may be
Pa may we
all
ah,
aw,
a,
e,
go too.
o, do.
Sound
Sign
as in
pa
1.
ah
2.
moy
3.
we
LONG VOWELS.
f 26-28
13
27. The vowel-signs are put in the places which correspond with their numbers; thus,
Aar
.\...tah^,
h.....lah},
<:r^
7na
.....^
ait^,
..L.Taif,
L....lai/,
.rrr-.
may^,
!^
eai^,
.L.tea^,
L.'.Jee^,
^rr^
me^,
awes^,
...~)
..\...taw^,
C-.law^,
-^ttn
maw
owes^,
...>)
ooze^.
..I'.toe^,
..Ltoo^.
C....low^,
(^..^..loo^.
,:rp^.
LONG VOWELS.
14
arise.
that
dash vowel-sign
distinct,
is
convenient; thus,
./v..
^ 29-31
....L
or
.^
two; ..S- or
...j^
foe;
../?..
or
Joe.
29.
(a)
When
a vowel-sign
is
the stroke, as
(b)
When
...^\
ape,
...'I...
a vowel-sign
eight,
is
.'/...
the stroke, as
30.
stroke
...-J-^..
.../S
pay,
../'...
(a)
When
a vowel-sign
When
horizontal stroke
it is
it is
read after
it is
own
read before
it is
age.
is
a vowel-sign
is
' ache,
eke,
placed below a
_j
Kay,
-..key, ..s.^...no.
31.
The
A
t
sh
(.down)
(up)
(up)
sh
(down)
(up)
(unl
LONG VOWELS
31
Exercise
Write the shorthand word
15
5.
should
stroke
{the
written
be
first,
.\^
pay, bay,
2.
3.
\
I.
4.
.V.
5.
-)
6.
day,
lay,
^.
/....
^:
:i
.....r:'..
i^... j:.
low,
roio,
^
^
r..
-I .......I
X.
r.
;:
_,
k.
k...../^
foe,
jaij,
L.
5.
...
....
-L.
:7^
7I
...
x...
-(
_^
-1
-).
::^
Exercise
mow
show,
/:
...1:
J.
r.
J
?^
_....
.)
__
6.
2.
3.
Neigh,
1.
4.
5.
{Downward
heir,
6.
in these words)
air,
ear, oar,
Ayer, ore,
ere.
{Upward
re, roe,
Wray,
row.
7.
{Downward h in
these ivords)
ha, hay,
hey.
8.
LONG VOWELS.
16
131
Summary.
There are six long vowels, expressed by a heavy dot
and dash, and written to each stroke in three places,
which are called first, second and third-places respectively,
diagrams
1st
as
shown
in
the following
table
and
JOINED STROKES.
1 32-34
17
CHAPTER m.
JOINED STROKES.
32.
lifting
Strokes
when
joined
thus,
.Vs^-^....'^_
JOINED STROKES.
18
1[
35-36
later.
c::.
^...:....^
Im,
Im,
^.
fl,
Ik,
4-
fl,
yl,
c:r:.
Ik,
Ing,
Z...
y..
C-.-,
Ing^
:...
nl.
yl,
\^
tn
bng,
ch,
ptk,
X
rch,
ch
k ch p,
Ip,
rmn,
mlr,
When
mi,
kt,
pts,
wk,
rv,
kr,
is
mr.
nb,
'-
yr,
kng,
kl,
a straight stroke
thl.
^'
rlv,
nr,
'^x-:::-^
::i
/V.
rp,
rd,
^-
t,
.,
yiv,
36.
hf.
ng
gl,
k.
k'W.
\--\
pp,
bb,
/
ch ch,
/
jj,
kk,
gg,
td,
kg,
bp,
dt.
1[
JOINED STROKES.
37-39
37.
curved stroke
mm,
nn,
'
19
is
repeated thus,
U,
ff,
rr.
ss,
As already pointed
38.
stroke,
or r
r
slopes from
When
ch
written,
respectively.
and
distinguished
are
/ ch,
r.
The
when struck down-
by the
is
direction
in
unimportant; thus,
..D.
p
ch,
-pr,
ch
t,
rt,
they
ch n,
rn,
Exercise
m ch,
.^.....kL...A,
mr,
ch
r,
r ch.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Name, manna,
gem.
tiny,
time.
both.)
5.
Cherry,
6.
rich,
JOINED STROKES.
20
^ 39
Summary.
1.
2.
of sh
Sh
is
/, V,
4.
5.
6.
when it precedes
when it follows /, v,
TH, or
(up)
and
{h)
d or I (down).
In a combination of strokes the first descending or
ascending stroke rests on the line.
When a straight stroke is repeated there must be no
break at the junction.
Chay and ray when joined are distinguished by the
direction of the stroke and not by the slope.
40-41
CHAPTER
21
IV.
thus,
...'..I
gate,
talk.
first
Third-place vowel-
signs are written before the second stroke at the end, because
the vowel-sign
is
in that posi-
The vowel-
tion; thus,
...lj
sign
is still
diagram
team,
.-.././
reach,
//I
rude.
41.
The succeeding
Exercises
when
when
in
in shorthand are
hand.
Exercise
8.
22
^ 42
GRAMMALOGUES.
Frequently occurring words are expressed in short-
42.
hand by a
single sign, as
.^
These words
through the
In
as
line,
....^......^
.N^...
on
the subject
letter
Exercise
9.
o or an,
the;
of,
...\...
to;
all,
two, too;
...v..
owe,
..a...
he.
italic.
1.
2.
Maim, baRe,
3.
KneeL,
4.
5.
An
6.
He
7.
8.
9.
10.
gall,
Gaul,
tall.
Row
the
boat
to the
shoRe of
the lake.
1142
23
Exercise 10.
awe, ought, aught,
..^....
1.
2.
J......
a A\
3.
^r
U'
4.
.r:^.
^
k:
....
who;
should (up);
^.... /I
.\^^.. v.^
i.
on,
U'.'.v^
.
...4_
....
-/"
...\...
^
-
(up),
but.
.vc_ ...kX
k^ /^
.\_.
and
.^kZZ.
\^
iv
....^....k^
"X^
zi"
^
./-v
Z_
-V
Exercise 11.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
heed
the ruLe.
24
U 42
Summary.
1.
and
First-place
Second-place
vowel-signs
the
first
stroke;
when
after
3.
The sign
The period
grammalogue
for a
is
If
25
SHORT VOWELS.
43-45
CHAPTER
V.
SHORT VOWELS.
43.
There are
six short
language, namely:
I;
e,
&,
66;
u,
6,
pock,
The order
p^ck;
peck,
Iwck,
lock,
may
look.
be remembered by
That pen
&,
44.
The
a light dot
The
first
(
e,
is
i,
not
mwch
good.
6,
u,
66
by
);
same
j.
as for
Sound
Sound
Sign
as in
Sign
as in
1.
that
not
2.
pen
2.
vauch.
3.
is
3.
66
45. The student will find the exact value of the short
vowels by pronouncing them in conjunction with a following consonant. In order to gain familiarity with
them, he should write the signs before different strokes,
and pronounce the combination. As a result of this
SHORT VOWELS.
26
practice,
will
1146-48
be made, of which
..^
^... ash,
at,
ebb,
.../...
it,
../..
..\...add,
etch,
...
-^-^am,
-^- egg,
itch,
edge,
.../....
Ann,
....i^^
L....
odd.
if,
ass.
...)....
ell,
or,
...A
err.
...<\,
wp.
The
same
47.
(a)
catch,
.J\l...
lodge,
immediately preceding
(b)
pronounced as ng; as,
pink, -Q,
.\,^,i
watch,
...c([...
A;
chunk,
or ^
....
is
...\..
dodge.
almost always
^_^__ Congo.
.y
full,
...
..y
look;
fool; C.
..
dull,
look,
L...
(.
pull;
Luke.
1[
SHORT VOWELS.
48
27
Exercise 12.
.X.
happy,
up,
..->-
'")
^^ ^
3.
(.
4.
r\
'.r/.
by,
.\.
be,
^ ^ i^-^--^-^
^z ^^
v^
y
:y/.
^....^:
:^
buy,
>--^
^-
J_ at,
^-^
\.
put;
..\.
..S^ to be;
.^^^.
.'^
.j
^/
Exercise 13.
...!...
had,
...I...
..C. mu.h,
1.
do,
../..
Peck, ledge,
3.
5.
6.
7.
8.
different-ce;
_.i_. eac/i.
2.
4.
.-|.~
which,
thumb, month.
oj
28
SHORT VOWELS.
If
48
Summary.
1.
2.
1st
2nd
3rd
shown
If
49-54
DIPHTHONGS.
CHAPTER
29
VI.
DIPHTHONGS.
49.
di]ihthong
one syllable."
50.
01
OW
"
"
"
"
"
"
The
signs for
ow and
tie,
...1...
cowed;
52.
The
stroke, as
63.
...U-^
duty,
.-
owl,
'/....
cow,
toil;
mule.
,r>L^..
is
tow,
..1. ...
/.....
time;
...1.
ow and
signs for
as
I,
il
sign for I
....IV
The
upward
...
and
OW
01
....aI
thus,
They
51.
is
(Prof. Skeat.)
...?/....
oi
oil.
The diphthong
at-
is
\L....
awl.
The
signs for
downstroke, as
....L
Matthew,
..\\
a
ow and H
bough,
vow,
Sue.
.S^-^
.\c\
pew,
....V>
k, g,
due,
m,
n,
DIPHTHONGS.
30
and upward
^
after
thus,
cue,
I,
.-^
n the
55-58
is
for oiv
nigh.
argue,
signs
now,
.....v~^
If
...^^_-v
....,-->
V!
55. Learners
?;
also
and
pairs
of
..^
t.....
...A...
bite,
tub;
^1
-^
bit;
SOU' (noun),
56. In
X^
.>^ fuste,
/{
right,
...-41
fussy;
....//]
writ;
rout,
57.
compound words
small upward or
.,
a,
....A\
tube,
wrote;
sow (verb).
...i"
the vocalization
the signs,
L....
'^,
downward
tick
is
....\.i_
generally
ear-ache.
attached to
(Z..
loyal,
...V
vowel,
nA.
newer,
nI
.^... annual,
J^
an?iuity,
_,/]
riot,
^^1(_^^
ingenuous
longs; thus,
^C^. hyena.
158
DIPHTHONGS.
31
Exercise 14.
eye;
/,
1.
..a_
large;
J....
.\
beyond,
come;
y.-vx5.
why;
can,
r
how;
go, ago,
-/:.
give-n.
XI
XI
.:H::.....z\..r\...\
yon;
/T
-rv..
L..L^
/....(,
8.
-h
:\
Exercise 15.
1.
Bye,
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
beauty of
the
Wye
vallev.
'
DIPHTHONGS.
32
1[
68
Exercise 16.
.h^. half,
think,
..L..
1.
."x
...L..
youth;
/I
2.
1_ ...L ..^^
3.
\,
4.
^^
5.
...
z:^
::
though,
..>.._
ry
L^-.X^
::t^ --t^
(-A .-i^
k.
::\
....
8.
\.......
L_..:.:..^
...::....(
(^
...x
.\z... /rv..r
them.
\:^...l^
....
\.....n .....n
x_, ....^
z:r^
-S--'^>
P^ .i..:....z^
..:..
c::::^..
Q.LA....^/^...>,....l..:z:::^:..:
7.
they,
A...
....^
....\.
_^
/....^
thank-ed,
S....
k.
L ...1
.S^.. have;
if;
J-..
V'
(..... ./....L.<...^x
.^ ..\
\.
/:....!.
Z..^<\.i..n
L....V:,
Summary.
1.
2.
The
3.
5.
I,
oi,
ow,
and aw
to
ow, u.
upward
I.
I;
4.
to a downstroke;
oi,
I,
ow
to a downstroke
and stroke n;
to
upward
to stroke n.
small
tick
may
1[
PHRASEOGRAPHY.
59-60
CHAPTER
33
VII.
PHRASEOGRAPHY.
59. It
is
common
the paper.
Such a course
is
/ and
For example,
adopted in shorthand
also
writing.
..v
have
may
be joined;
...V
...n...
you and
mencing
it
../v_^..,
com-
...\
gram
071
the
line,
line,
line.
^rs<-position logogram
line)
may
on or through the
logogram
line; as
with),
./.....
...r...
with much,
./....
with which,
,.!..
with each.
V
(d)
When
joined to
be shortened; thus,
k,
m,
/ can,
(up),
the sign
/ am,
will.
may
PHRASEOGRAPHY.
34
^ 60
Exercise 17.
Grammalogues.
with,
._c...
when;
what,
so,
..1...
_.3_.
would;
../...
saw,
Phraseograms.
..\-._
/ have,
I have had,
.\~....
/ may,
/ am,
.I-v^..
\-ry\...
if
you should
..>
1.
be,
be
/
...In..
/.....
you
l:^..._....x...<^L.V
..>
/ will be,
will,
/ thank you,
rC.A you
will,
and
.Js~rw>^..
to go,
<
if
will be,
ynu should
be,
to give.
K.^v^...,-^
x.....\_...N..)
4.
..'zn-
4^-^
....::
'
'
::
5.
L...~
)x
^
l. I
Ci-
:....../]
,
):.....
.2
CZJ
Exercise 18.
[The phraseograms
are indicated
in this
exercises
by the hyphen.]
Rye
1.
/-am by
2.
And now
3.
4.
the sea at
v/ith
envy
so admifie,
and
5.
So I-think-you-will-be hkely
6.
7.
to
Amy
us.
the family.
8.
9.
And-if-you-should-be
so too.
ready
to-come
you-will-have
happy time.
10.
to-go with
you
to
PHRASEOGRAPHY.
36
If
60
Exercise 19.
Phraseograms.
how
...A
why
\^
you,
which,
what do you,
Note:
how can
^^...
have
with
_./..
_li_
can,
so
..i-rj...
they,
you
..^
with
.J...
rZ\
can,
..vr^..
too
-^-
each,
what can
much,
_..L.
he,
L..
why do
with
when
it
you,
much,
they,
would
he.
much
Grammalogues.
.J...
was,
whose;
...V
^... shall,
..J.,
wish;
^.. usual-ly.
1.
2.
^A.
..^....:
j....\r).
:)..1..\
4.
\^..^r......s...[^
6.
1.
c
:
5..^
.^
K
nn
^->-^
....\:
^..,....l..^...N...).
L....1
ij-v-^
^...\^.......^
J.
.1
\....^:...l
8.
^zs....,cr::.
9.
P^....ri,
2.
{^.^..
s\.?
L...(.J
.k...<
.k/T....:
)....^...X...>,...-^
..,^....)
\.^
If
PHRASEOGRAPHY.
61
The word
61.
ing
be expressed by a
light slant-
tick,
either
may
the
37
upward (from
left
downward (from
to right) or
right to left).
Downward:
(a)
with
the,
(b)
..IV..
by
Upward:
how
NoTE.
the,
and
of the,
the, ..^.
beyond
_.L.
at
on
the
the,
.L...
the,
..^...
...v^...
have
what
the,
which
should slope a
should
the.
the,
..X..
little
was
the,
the.
to distinguish
V
it
be used
the
must never
initially.
Exercise 20.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
to-give
you-vf ill-be
What-do-you thinkf
much
the
feeLing,
bat
beauty
on-the
of-each
Do
to-think
allow us
of-the
to
to see-the
PHRASEOGRAPHY.
38
1[
61
Summary.
1.
2.
The
following
must be
carefully noted:
thong
3.
The word
may be shortened.
the may be expressed by
a hght slanting
and written
upward
never used
or
downward.
initially.
The
tick
for
the
H 62-64
39
CHAPTER Vm.
CIRCLE 5 AND
Z.
62.
the stroke
an easy means
circle
it
it
) as z^.. zeal,
\^...
zero,
zenith.
When
63.
tially
is
joined ini-
when
it
occurs
..J^i,
sp,
.1... st,
ps,
....\c)
...L...
psp,
..'....
ts,
s ch,
..L...
ch
...Q
:?,
^J
the loop
of
64.
Between two
ZJ.. kst,
rLrr.
is
Jrrrr.
ch sk,
sr,
.^.. rs,
is
referred to as the
is
formed, being
dsk,
dh^..
l:s,
the circle s
o:^:...
..L. tst,
sk,
ch
\p
ST.
pst,
o(--
thus,
40
When
65.
the circle
s is
and when
would
result; as .^^^sf,
/rrKrrr.
.N^l
msk,
....v_o^
66.
rsn,
,Jj^...
fslt,
or, in
The
s,
some
^...s sh,
may be
it
writ-
....<sr>,sm, .....o-^sn,
s,
Sa^
msv,
....N--<3rv,
nsm.
first
Is,
f......
....A^
always read
last at
sh
slsts,
cases,
but
a better combination
aJ...
X^.. ssr,
circle s is
and
of a stroke,
th
first,
if
....b..!
Ism,
f^......
nsm,
curve
...k..
written
it is
...\..s th,
..Vc fs,
....A sr,
sl,
b.
joined to curves,
it
it is
65-68
If
'
..^o
fsn,
fsk,
..\o fsl,
.../^r&w^
msn,
at the beginning
cannot be vocalized,
as,
"^
pie,
N^
^ ^
pay,
pays,
mow, mows,
67.
The
circle s
as,
come,
the circle
fore,
68.
may
.-./...
is
owes,
may
o
_L_
sage,
oak,
x:
...
ray,
^ ^ ^
aim,
I-
day,
I;
same.
V^
V^
\... put,
.v.. puts;
but
...b_
The vowel-sign
in
<.^s^..
answer,
cL...
shown.
lightly-sounded
which
circle,
soak,
rays,
he
desire.
.\<j_^
syllable
poison,
168
41
Exercise 21.
as, has,
...o...
is,
L.
because;
his;
itself.
is
written
/O
downward, the
as
_/o_ is the;
1.
being
circle
to,
...q^-
L..:f
;^...:>...I
^...>va3.....<u^......v^^....
5.
....i;^.../^
first:
as
the,
is to.]
L..
3.
struck
(tK
\_i
<^
'C... (\.....y^.....J^..
....<=-y>....'KJ'
L.rvfe:-.
..z!....'.
L..cLr...
^..f:..a^....o..../ri:
(....:7....r^
):....
8.
9. .p..../! .J.
^..../a....^-.x
ryr.....
-c
A.
i^
sjr:ri
/o.
....^.
b....:
'....Lo...\y....
.o^
rr:i:...:7....!...>c.::5v<f'
CIRCLE "S" AND "z."
42
If
68
Exercise 22.
1.
2.
Deceit,
bestows,
opposite,
resource,
oxide,
wasps,
basks, rescues.
3.
s'R,
Exercise 23.
..V...
those, thyself,
.So...
my, me,
1.
Venice,
Paris,
the
victories
and-its
him, may.
lakes
Paris
set
up
Italy
of
have
by
many
when
all
cafes,
3.
4.
The
many a
the
to-the
memory
of-the
wise and-
of-the
enticing
has
of Europe.
suburbs is superb.
May you soon pay a
enjoy these sights!
isles,
..(..'
which-should-be-seen
and coLumn
....^^r^^
and-the
famous sights
making a touR
2.
this,
and-i/ie-many
visit
on
to-this
piles
parks
famous
of-its
city,
and
sides
6.
Thus
visitors
canaLs,
and- view
the
sights
of-this
those
City
sleepy
of-the
Doges.
6.
7.
The singing of-the youths on-the gondolas and-themusic of-the vesper bells are to-me and to-my cousin
happy memories of-our visit.
I-shall take him to Rome in May.
H 68
43
Summary.
1.
and
2.
It
is
finally it represents s or
only; medially
z.
inside the
better joining.
3.
An
initial circle is
always read
4.
The
circle s
always read
first;
a final
circle is
last.
may
44
^ 69-70
CHAPTER IX.
STROKE S AND Z.
As an
69.
and a
final
initial
circle
When
(a)
as,
When
(b)
words,
an
mossy,
The
70.
In
(a)
vowel precedes
asp,
...r...
daisy,
Isaac,
vowel follows
racy,
stroke
word,
.\. Zoo;
../....
final
-^-1.
is
initial
ask,
....1
When
(c)
or s
..')...
s or
or
a.^.
z,
as in the
z,
Ezra;
as in the words
Rosa.
/^.)
also written:
is
compound
words
like
..<^,;^^^^.
saw-bench,
and
in
by
.\^--
sea-mew,
In
words
like
....l_s>
is
/I un-
assail,
In words
like
...J.
i^.. sewer,
science,
r^
thus,
Ji^ unceasing;
cease,
or
where a
z;
X^- saucer,
where
In words
joyous,
like
where the
fv)
sinuous,
syllable -ous
ceded by a diphthong.
-^
is
i^
initial s
s
tortuous,
or
z;
/....
immediately pre-
1170
45
Exercise 24.
^^ are,
..^. our,
1.
2.
)<x
3.
.<:^. ..^.....trif
4.
a..!V^..Z:^
):
):....!)...
7.
X.
.
-c..:.r:.
^..X.
....vr.....>^:::\
.-<:\
k,^....^..r:).....x^...x>
)::::;::,
-^^
S^.-<^
...ra...
-\.^^:.l:>r:.....frK::.
1..%:::
.^
^-^:-^
<>a..i..k^....l'.<x
.r
L..:r
kl
...,^
)-
X.-.X^--^.
5. )^-.<r^-....^.
6.
hour;
L.n
>......^
_^...l..^....>:2:r:...^...x
.:..A
8.i.-:...^5::::4..C:..^.._.^.^^.i..^...
9..Lc..../=-/a
.:..-^
^.....i....Vc
10
Lh..:::::^......\^.
k-<^
1.
..rv...r:
k:..^
<;d....:r?::r.::r:
^......^^^
r:...\-....r..
.../...
/^..,
i...::
^...-.^..^j^?
C
t-^
..>.
-....^
\^..,....::..c
46
!f
70
Exercise 25.
1.
Owes, eyes,
2.
Asleep,
sleep,
ask,
assume,
sack,
sum,
aside,
lessee,
lass,
side,
spy.
3.
Juicy,
4.
mossy,
juice,
dies,
moss,
less,
lasso,
5. (Sea-gull,
CffisaR, scissoRs.
6.
Science,
signs,
Sitka,
sciatica,
pious,
pies,
tenuous,
tennis.
Exercise 26.
1.
Cecil
visit
to-the
sea-side
with
me.
2.
surface
beach, and
of-the-sea,
to
enjoy
to-raake
many an
castles
on-the
sea-
escapade among-the
On Tuesday,
of-the luxuries
which I myself
enjoy daily.
6.
7.
He
8.
gala
47
1170
Summary.
The
z
1.
2.
Where an
3.
Where a
stroke s or
must be
written
or
s
4.
z.
or
final
vowel
occurs
after
2.
or
fol-
z.
combination s-vowel-s.
is immediately
preceded by a diphthong.
5.
In the
6.
Where
initial
48
CHAPTER
X.
71.
initial
large
motion as the
circle
sw, thus,
seat,
.1
circle,
.\z..
sweet,
....
<f\
sum,
medial or final
large
s,
e^iS^
(ses)
D
it
indicated
thus,
circle;
Final
is
When
(zez) causes.
is
s is
(sez)
passes;
s-s,
.^^o....
suasive.
written with
having a light
circle,
represents
swum.
....(T^
SZ.
s,
72.
71-73
1[
thus, ...J.
e;
possessive;
(zes)
intervenes
.TX.
exist,
added thus,
1...
--^
exhaust,
exercises.
sounds of two
^/i
exercised.
The
large circle
s's
in consecutive
policy,
by the
73.
Lucy's;
.^..J. policy,
f...y).
Lucy, L-d
..X.J policies.
(b) Where the root word takes the circle, the plural
or possessive, or the third person singular of a verb is
-^
passes;
L..'..
Alice,
Alice's.
thus,
.^
pass,
73
II
49
circle
....^_D
axis;
possess with
.../'J'
recess
.?.>.o
with ^..
pauses;
races.
Exercise 27.
as
is,
is
...o...
_\. special-ly,
.Sy..
as;
speak;
themselves;
....fo
subject-ed;
..^S
...^..
ourselves;
suggest-ed;
L....
1.
^..^o
2.
rf
?..
CL_
^.
:o^.....^.
U......'2^....'i\)....2V|9.
_x).i...v./c^...r.....^5-~^
a>
s^.
.^^.....^.....VC::^
...^..3p
......
J... ..\.;.
.?6......^....aJ-p...x
6.
A-):...b....l
ri.....^...:^
7. :?:..^...L....:s^....x
_\.:^
o....^......^^yC:^....K
^.. LX....s...cr^
L.A.....>r!....^..._.Z..../
50
L..:..A..i....^^....>..-.3...../.J
9.
,i.2..<.....^^...o_
">..A
-^..r:...uj.
10.
11. .^.,.....L...r::..
^f
^ 73
^..-^.,
Y-^../
.a.h....zyf.
|....x
Exercise 28.
1.
Swop,
pauses,
sweets,
tosses,
swell,
swoRe,
laces,
3. Excellence,
excellences,
tease,
teases,
supposes,
re-
Exercise 29.
<srrr.
1.
2.
3.
4.
yes;
c^.. we,
How-many
way;
<s^...
holy;
../...
high;
<?:_.
house.
As
of us allow
likewise,
teaches
jis
how
to-take
sane
5.
view o/-life.
Such is-ihe duty of
6.
all
who seek
to-live
a holy
life.
swayed hy a
fallacy.
\ 73
51
Summary.
1.
2.
A
A
heavy sound
3.
Where a
root
possessive,
s.
circle
s,
by the use
5.
the plural,
is
formed
52
CHAPTER
1174-77
XI.
and
outline,
the
loop
st
and
strokes,
stake,
..c=i_
The
75.
last
is
st
heavy sound
fused,
!^
A
76.
of
loop
may
.._;!_
stale;
0......
(.'.....
ache,
....q_^_
lace,
CC...
be employed
also
s,
sake,
laced.
of zd, as in the
opposed,
/^^SsS re-
disposed.
JL...
str (ster)
outline.
is
sale,
This
at the end.
loop
Like the
is
attached,
is
it
represents
str,
circle s
and the
st
77.
The
st
and
str
loops
may
masterpiece.
The
st
..J5>
past,
..^ pastor.
..C%...
justify,
I.
.......
elastic,
J^.
install,
because the
If
78-79
78.
The
53
st
occurs between
and
immediately before a
when a vowel
t,
final
The
vowel.
separate con-
^j
bestow,
79.
The
taste,
receipt,
....yQ
circle s is
tastes;
...A'
rusty,
....XL
added to a
beset,
.Svp vista.
..So visit,
loop as follows:
final
L.~>...
Exercise 30.
^
...A.,
^wi^
influence;
fit'st;
most,
..
"-^
must;
in,
.,.
.V...%...i
2.
S.-..^...:^
3.
-^-..>^
5.
know,
^^ no,
next.
own.
-^
e.
.^.....c^
^a...i...a
k....^...:v?.
v-^
::f!,..../^....(...^..:....:P.../
\.j-.A
-1
c^...^
l_^ ..!..}
N....^::
rl./rVo..:
/4>
...Jz^.. Cd'....|-
^-i--^---H^^--^^ n^...^..c^.
L..->r^.....-.i^....^^..,^-...l-.
:X-...v/....>^....^ ..:r:...
B.
>^^
any,
i-....^....^...^.^-...^......lo...k...^..:::s
1.
^-
influenced,
^.::r^..
l..A..J^
^.....^
L...)..x
<>
...^
k...,...::
64
7.
ty^...-^....,^^
8.
L..^
it
.-^....U->....i/r......Op
op....t...,
....x...A..:r;...^...:r::.,....::....:::::^..:...^
79
->
;^
<<2n:......\ .X
k_s>
o ....cz......\....r\....y^....Sj^.
Exercise 31.
1.
Stabs, boasts,
stitches,
staves,
wastes.
2.
3.
Boasters,
Dexter,
Baxter,
vestures,
vistas,
caustic,
IneLastic, mystic, custom, mossy, dazes, daisies, supposes, stoRm, sweeps, possessive.
Exercise 32.
C...
Lord;
A or,
language, owing,
.^
>^
your,
.r:^\.
thing,
year;
young.
2.
3.
MainLy owing
1.
languages.
many
4.
5.
to-the
successes.
f 79
Exercise 33
[Containing
1.
We-are
in
write
all
in-the
Revisionary.
receipt
way you
them
at
6 th
of-the
when
and-we-shall
and-thus
desifie,
2.
55
do
away
your house.
I-think he-is
happy
to be-the
possessoR of so large a
sum
out
of-it.
3.
4.
Yes,
we
ourselves
several
languages,
had no poweR
it
or
Those youths who thanked us on receipt of-our suggested date, ought to-have put up a high scoRe in-
7.
8.
his
since
me
he himself has
the best of
have influenced
9.
several-times
this
year given
me in-my
business.
56
II
79
Summaiy.
1.
2.
The
st
loop
3.
The
st
loop
4.
The
sound of
str
loop
may
be used medially or
finally,
but not
initially.
5.
The
between
and
t,
80-82
If
INITIAL
57
CHAPTER Xn.
INITIAL HOOKS TO STRAIGHT
STROKES.
The liquids r and I frequently blend with other
80.
consonants so as to form a double consonant, as in the
words pray, blow, drink, ^Zare, fry, fly, or are separated
from a preceding consonant by an obscure vowel only,
These consonant comas in paper, vaaker, table, habel.
binations are represented by prefixing a small hook to the
simple shorthand characters to indicate their union
with
r or
I.
81.
small
Motion adds
pr,
82.
\
p,
initial
^ \
p,
adds
br,
tr,
dr,
;
ch
;
jr,
r,
_ _
kr,
gr.
^
pi,
\
bl,
r
it,
ch
will
pi
r
dl,
assist
series.
jl,
I,
^ ^
kl,
gl.
58
INITIAL
^ 83-85
83.
The
characters
84.
The
^.
stroke
c<<:^..
and
<^...
outlines formed
by
be named
per,
hooked
not
is
names;
as heard in the
in
.3-^. pair;
the words
and
U....
.!\.
paper,
.^^^s^.
.X^.
p-r,
named
as
^^.
...:..\
in the
pel, o.s
.7L\ couple, to
y.
words
should be
chapel,
the
word
initially,
w and
heard
distinguish
pale.
.\x pie,
-^
ply,
'^
apply,
--'- eat,
...[...
eater.
.!^
plaque,
/f.\^ replica;
^ 85
INITIAL
Sft
Exercise 34.
_L.
doctor, Dr.,
...I...
call,
dear,
-II...
during;
equal-ly.
...c
1.
^..3<...X....!v...._._=^....:.x....:^
2.
!N. ..\^.J:..J'....
3.
:v^....v^....x^...'5.
4.
^....^
l;;^....^
5.
6.
S2yr.....\:^
,
7.
/>
...<A,
I
..]
L..^...:^..../i
\
^-'
L..L...Cr.
,y\\
Ho X
.L..^.....vi^..^.,...s
'
...L
.-.._
.^A'..-^.....^
t-^^"^
8.
-b
XX,,
W"-'
1
^....>:.!<^....i.^
^.
JO.
.^...\
h_...
....'.....7-^..,
..!ya
.X ......
^1.
alO....Z..^rf^
CO
INITIAL
1[85
Exercise 35.
Prison,
1.
prolong,
breath,
acrimony,
transit,
dreary,
gracious, aggressive.
Plodder,
2.
bluster,
bleats,
classify,
classes,
cluster,
Places,
3.
preach,
bleach,
grapple,
grabber,
grotesque,
gloat,
Prague, plague.
Problem,
4.
triple,
clapper,
cripple,
Exercise 36.
.-\.
.!s^.
1.
apply,
belief-ve-d;
We
should
.%^^.
...'....
people;
at all,
...I....
..A.
tell,
hy
...il...
till;
all
N^
all,
..[.
able,
deliver-ed-y.
o/-life
and-have-
easy
2. It-is
to
when-the
difference
3.
We
stoRms appeaR
to-many people.
they-vaake
but
notable
5.
Apply
to
who desiRo
happy.
and-I believe
this to-your-\Ue
beaR any trouble you have or may
you-wiH-be-able
have.
8.
Thus,
7.
Tell-me
what your
views
are,
to
and-I -wil\-tell-you
succeed.
if-
^ 85
INITIAL
61
Sixmmary.
1.
2.
A smaU
adds
3.
The hooked
names.
by
their syllabic
62
HOOKS TO CURVES.
INITIAL
CHAPTER
INITIAL
86.
writing
made
it
If
86-90
Xni.
HOOKS TO CURVES.
R HOOK.
87.
...L.
author,
calmer,
^... usher,
either,
..\..
..^..
measure,
__cni
4_^ dinner.
CS^..
finisher,
89.
?^
masher,
...^..
lavisher,
..U..
crusher.
hooked
for
(a) A'^^
<^.^
is
-pressure,
S-^^...
used to represent
-^!>:_^
(b)
hanker,
...<J_^
drinker,
S^.^
linger,
finger.
'^-^ is
'^
thus,
.j singer,
suffix -er
being
/2Z.2\ wringer.
L HOOK.
90.
flaj),
A
.>>.
LARGE
initial
hevel,
.'\...
panel.
hook adds
Ethel,
>.Ljrj
^-ir>..
camel,
H 91-93
Shi
91.
HOOKS TO CURVES.
INITIAIi
is
63
peevishly,
modishly, .?.Vr^o
potential,
Shi
primatial.
_x (written downward)
if
it
may
be
..>s_7. official,
<~^^... martial,
cJ
r)_
(written upward) or
more convenient,
used for
is
...V.
sea-shell.
92.
to represent
many,
sity.
...V-,^_p
^ r
hopeful,
(a)
r/-..
\^.^
JA.... sensitively,
for
may be
used as follows:
."TT.
..I
^...
exhaustively,
.\j.
...'....H..
positively,
negatively,
attractively.
Ger-
adver-
primeval, c5^^X^_
^.A... relatively,
(6)
symbol,
J.....
joyiul.
Forms hooked
VI
..-i-^~^.
(develop, ....^
A'-.
93.
oSerings,
1^
awkward
joining;
HOOKS TO CURVES.
INITIAL
64
93
Exercise 37.
.V- jor;
.St..
over,
...S-
valuation.
1.
kj_:G.._^.
2.
i^_^.....^
-^
.^
4.
r^^.
5.
y_ ....^...!:^....:^
l.<0.,
...<n^
...;i^...
VV.
L..\^
lA.....
:^..^lx'_.....o....^
^:\j:.
_....^
^..
^....^.....:L...x
%. ....^\C_
'-^.^V-^-v-::^.
j^.^T^.
<J:.
czr....X
f^x^'.
c...:r....s....^...^;_..../
ir^..^
10.
^...i..:E....N.r-::-r:..>
..:^....(.....^...^..:.^
....ic.....^^.....A^.
9.
i!^....\j
'^..\...r3.:..^..
other;
.^....^.
^....^
\..^^...:s^. .\^
^.fX.....^
...v..
evil.
.....^_.^.._^
l^.^...^i..^....^
6.
..D..
however;
.-^^/^....^..^Ac,.^
3.
z:^
J^
ever-y,
.vc^...L
xi
!.....ir:T:
S-
^....'::i..x
v..._^
h-^
::
L....^,....!..:^...^^
T[
INITIAL
93
HOOKS TO CURVES.
65
Exercise 38.
1.
2.
Flabby,
nerve, nervousness.
flattest,
flood,
fledge,
flounced,
flotilla,
flat-
4.
rumor.
Conquer,
linger,
shelves,
prudential,
sea-shell,
Mar-
shall, slavishly.
5. Athletic,
Exercise 39.
1.
The owner
.
of-the
grocer's
shop feLL on
evil
times
and was
able to
double
the receipts in
year.
2.
3.
Flattery
others,
4.
6.
6.
rests on-the
poweR we-have
<y>er
ourselves..
However much you read, read-</ie oldest books: theyhave-the approval of-time which conquers all, andwhich ive must obey.
This evil increased month by month, and hotvever
much they sought to stop it, the valuation of-theproperty showed a decrease which led every investoi'
<o-regret he ever bought any shaRes.
A.ngles, Saxons and Jutes, each took a shaRe of-the
isle,
and-the worshipers of-the
mistletoe
sought
refuge in-the West, or fled to Brittany.
66
INITIAL
HOOKS TO CURVES.
^ 93
Summary.
3.
4.
1.
2.
ng-ger.
syllables.
as
representing
^ 94-95
HOOKS TO CURVES.
INITIAL
CHAPTER
67
XIV.
The
94.
strokes
r,
as
additional
forms for
strokes,
thr,
forms for
thl,
first
signs
and
fr, fl,
are
used
as additional
^^^-r,
e5^A
it is
The
^'^/r.
The
and
s,
I.
^^^^,
sign of each pair
is
thr,
C) thr
Hthi,
nthi
pair
..>^ affray,
flow,
...
...Ji
fray,
....C.
ether,
...]...
three;
.)<- aflow,
...J
When
Forms:
Jsj froth,
.Ss^.
.S^
...:.\
overweigh;
Fred,
Etheridge,
T\...
.S~
.)s.s_p
verb,
.S^
average,
France,
..~\
fragile,
>>^^^ Frank,
frock,
..^\_ frog.
INITIAL
68
frame,
..Jw-v
J\ coffer,
&c3
weaver,
and
..V.
efert/
...
..k._
Jeffrey;
^:._.
Danvers,
l^^r-^.
for
ofer,
.S:>^
ewr
overpaid,
L Forms:
.Sc.
The logograms
tether.
thermal,
i-^ZT.
loafer,
/^...J^
fnary,
.T\:^.
frill,
Dover,
a~..
camphor,
^ 96
thrive,
thrill;
-J
.'.
..X....
thirty,
...)...
therein,
...2_^
fresh,
....^
throb,
1...
HOOKS TO CURVES.
fluffy,
SL^
flap,
.S^...
flinch,
.^,-^_>
Sl^-
flush,
-.-.
fledge,
..S-^
?..!_ /oj;,
5!\__ flock,
..%^ flail;
..
flighty,
...Av
floor,
flame;
J
arrival,
...X...
.'Tl'^
.^'^s^.....
c^3
gruffly,
96.
sh
fcZ,
Upward
^r,
^..Ji shiver;
ib)
s/i
is
.y^.. sugar,
....qJ-.
When
initially
spacious,
muffler;
inflexible,
_-^.....
vl;
fr,
vr;
thus,
downward
shaker,.
following
circled
opposite
..'.>L
....A_jd
(a)
j<^^ZT shackle,
_^
weevil,
is
the
..IS- muffle,
/^.Jv{.. rivalry.
rr^.-S- inflame,
A;r,
hafller,
straight
or hooked,
side
to
..^S blush,
such
sh
is
downstroke which
generally
initial
-^vZ
brush,
is
written on
attachment;
thus,
"t^ nutritious.
HOOKS TO CURVES.
INITIAL
1196
69
Exercise 40.
J from;
..J...
...7S
very;
.-.^._
through, threw;
more, remark-ed,
there, their;
nor, in our
1.
2.
3.
:^^
.../...
they are,
c_^ near.
.^^.,
^'...^....r^'...:^..
l-.\-^^
^.-^
^-:^
;^.....p;...|...^
.:.v^ .~:^.-^...^
6.
^.C::>..^...!^
7.
....^
1,
9.
.:
^...::
k^.
C.
.^....^ ....^
,.x
b^-^
l..:>..../cl,....r..^
^.
x....\.....(....r:
>...:::^-..^::::0...)
!r:
-ty..x:..:....:^^:..
::?^-
.^ ..!:i:i2:...^:..
^....^
:^...:.^^^.-^^....^.!^.
^....^
^...
^...^.
^^....
o...a-...
X^.....
..-^_^.. J..r^..::...f ::
70
HOOKS TO CURVES.
INITIAL
^ 96
Exercise 41.
1.
Fro,
2.
Everybody,
offer,
flew,
Floyd,
Froude,
fragile,
three,
flaRe.
fledgehng,
over-
reach, florid.
3.
4.
Frame,
5.
Blusher,
mover,
muffleR,
flung,
scornful,
frill.
flamingo,
brimful.
enshroud,
thrasher,
shaker,
species,
plush,
brushing.
Exercise 42.
.Sis;^.
principle-al;
^Si-
..^..
number-ed;
liberty,
...1..
try,
Christian-ity,
1.
He
truth,
.A., true;
care.
ways.
2.
3.
4.
"Flamingo" on-Friday.
5.
7. It-is-necessary
cities.
write-the large
and small
circles,
HOOKS TO CUKVES.
INITIAL
^ 96
Exercise 43.
[Containing
71
Revisionary.
all
to 42 inclusive.]
2.
C:
...%
^5-
4.
^......
...\.
!r......\.
>^
.....1
...^....1....^ X
.^....^....^....^... \..^......x..j
...:t...c^....^.x...'^
6.
7.
Sr-._!
..rN...x^
O....X
4_X_o.^._..l..;...ll..j,...X_..>..:!2k........=^
:::0
!e4
/^..x
8. /-will
9.
rr
^.._..A^....!r\'...
5.
^^^L-P\ 11
^\
Cx
L....i..^N?:^s.^....::'
^-- =^ ^-.''.
L_...L
>..A...^
We
should
tell-the
truth
at-all
to-try
and secuRe
times,
however,
the
and-
10.
11.
If-this
feaR
and
to
principle
be
13.
remembered
by-all,
we-shall-have
lives m-ottr-times.
72
INITIAL
HOOKS TO CURVES.
If
96
Summary.
1.
The forms
follows
for /r,
vr,
thr,
THr,
fl,
vl,
thl
are used as
the left curve is used when a vowel prebut the right curve when a vowel does not
(a) If alone,
cedes,
precede.
(b)
If
3.
Upward
sh
is
curves
fr, vr;
curves
fl, vl.
that form
is
used
joining.
downward
sh
kl, gr,
is
left
initial
attachment.
1[
97
CHAPTER
73.
XV.
The
(a)
and
circles s
same
that
r,
...--I*
stray,
.cj crew,
"I
utter,
....J
(6)
in
The
words
screw,
where there
when a
an angle, both
.S^
.^%
(c)
....a
-,
The method
is shown
and d
.....\
tacker,
brf. digress,
Ixttt.
t-r?.
tray,.
sweeter,'
....T|
stoker.
-^
'
cork-
circle
d
lisper,
extra,
ancestry,
..'.
.../^l reciter,
of writing skr
and
!....L
t-s
o^.
gastric,
nostrum,
wiseacres.
cater,
....cJ-
circle or
spry,
...\
screw;
besieger;
/C'A
mystery,
is
pry,
ochre,
....<A-
circle
offspring,
1.
may be
circle
pastry,
stutter,
as
strokes; but
at
is,
tasker,
disgrac
ice.
Irrrr
degree,
fer.
disagree,
74
(d)
1[
When
may
omitted; thus,
98.
written as in
.....V>
4__>
^^^
dulcimer,
^^
dinner,
soother,
designer;
summer,
....J-^
prisoner.
siv
99.
(o)
.!Si.
The
ply,
saddle,
_\
by writing
..^
supply,
seclude,
...._\
steamer.
pedestal,
....k
.Ss sable,
able,
and hook
circle
which
addle,
..V- civil.
circle
swimmer,
..Ov
....J
When
(b)
stiver,
rT....
-...I
r.
thus,
savor,
kZ.....
St and
(6)
for
sinner;
fi_>
deceiver,
be
svhscriber.
..^
suffer,
the hook r
b,
.-^Sit:^
circle s is prefixed to
for r
inner,
.....<!->
.rs^
The
by
(a)
hooked
p or
prescribe,
.J^^::>^
98-99
shown; thus,
.^>^...
-e-^-^
disclose,
possible,
exclaim,
explicit.
(c)
clearly shown,
forcible,
^<L
(d) St
^-^^tri!.....
musical.
for
I.
are
written
...y
^JkC unsaddle,
such
as
swaddle,
cases,
in
y,
<J^....
these
therefore,
stable,
swivel.
...J
combinations
stickle,
rt...
stifle,
Tf99
75
Exercise 44.
.!_
1.
2.
3.
6.
%
?\
K.
^....:^
err:
.?.
.!'.S^.....>L.,__p
1:
^
<s_>
<S^
c.:^
Jj-lP-^Aj,. .,-
/-
surprised.
_^
:f
:i
%>
surprise;
^...u^...-r....^....:
::^...
8.
strength;
t....^
^...
1^.J.
:t.
-3
!V^
.Ss,
5^.......!:\,.:r:
:i
....r;...:Xx...
<5-^ ...S...\^,.-^
qL-..
^,
4...z!u.r^.
(jttt:...\Z^
v
^
10.
-^^- -\
iCry.^...x\..:
::..^...
r
^:...K^
.\....T::,...x"
11
i/.'..
tf'Cx.. .\....T/.
3<j_P
er-^
/...^v^..x
76
^ 99
Exercise 45.
1.
2.
Supreme, sublime,
steeple, straggleRs.
3.
Traceable,
disclosure,
plausible,
distressed,
classical,
6.
risible, rasper.
crossways.
Exercise 46.
chair,
...L.
_/?..
...7...
children;
cheer,
largely;
../...
_-/..
1.
There-was
chair
loud
at-the
../..
..//.
../...
sure;
journal;
pleasure;
JJ...
initial-ly-cd.
cheer
first
larger,
ivhen
annuaL
our member
took-the
on-Saturday
gathering
last.
2.
He-is
lover
and-takes
children
of
much-pleasure
3.
to
of-Ihe-society
4.
In-his
speech
our
member
remarked,
you-will exterminate
5.
Our
many
" If-you-can
and-T-am-
passed
off
agree-urith
most happily.
me
the initial
proceedings
^ 99
77
Summary.
1.
The
circles s
3.
are prefixed to
by writing the
The
the
4.
si
r,
circle
r is
Circle s
includes
omitted.
is
prefixed to curves
hooked
by writing
for r
Circle s
is
hooked
for
by writing
7.
When
an
initial
circle
st
hook.
I
78
CHAPTER
N AND
100.
*^
^^ Ben,
101.
...J"
all
tone,
100-105
XVI.
F HOOKS.
adds n to
1[
chain,
^-^ coin,
/^.. rain,
<i1y..
hone.
..^ brain,
102.
adds n to
..d...
tough,
104.
crane.
shine, ....-^
cJ....
to
t;
..I:...
A small final
adds / or
\r
....c-r^
assign,
103.
train,
...J'
all
chafe,
moon,
L..'...
..\io
fain,
...L
thin,
lean.
strokes;
^ cave,
^... rave,
represents
thus,
^..
5^
buff,
hive.
at the beginning
.^Si bluff,
105.
c-^
cliff,
t;
a curved stroke.
this: ..^^fine,
glove.
There
stroke f or v
^;A^
.&-=
The
}>^.....
five;
(,-
line,
3sS^ move.
...
v..Si-
live;
...;^ nine,
11106-109
106.
last;
...^
as,
an outline
of
..^ puff,
pen,
79
fun;
-->-=
is
always read
when
therefore,
....Jn
penny,
X......
.k.^.^
puffy,
funny.
107.
another stroke
thus,
.^^Sv_^
may
__C... gallon,
-^>...
Z...
aniline;
108.
The n and / hooks may be employed medially
when they join easily and clearly with the following
stroke; thus,
'
.-^ punish,
^...
refer,
plenty,
..!^
painful,
...L
-t^
...j:..
graphic.
agent,
...L^
If
....t4Lp
defense,
suddenness,
..L..
divide,
compared
-\_^ brandy,
X^
nounce,
The
109.
when
.....'0\
agency,
painless,
/\V^.
..'JCy
suddenly,
reviewer,
[....v,
!\_^
pro-
gravity.
following
strokes,
in
J_^ joiner,
^_> keener,
\.^^ yawner
80
109
II
Exercise 47.
._j^.
...J...
._^
happerif
_L
done,
upon;
down;
.../....
2.
3.
been;
...^
..J...
had
..J...
general-ly,
been,
religion;
/..
religious.
!\.^.!^.^...L.r..^
..^..^...^..^^....z::!:..
...._.....
rx
...
^....e_,
<^^.
l;^../r:i:..<:a^..^
4....->.;^....l^..:=:^....r^...^:^.^
G.
^^.j.j ..s...}s^....z]
.J.....N..
i^ .^
x...r.
4_>-^
..^.
"^--f
1.
S^....\
\.../^
N ..)...^....:rN......
..'.
[L ...\...y.... /...^......\
vC-.-^
9.
.>s^.....^
A^-^---j;-
)r... .[...:....
J.
<r--s
...
/.r
:;^-
...
C-....^..x
n ....N.....^^....y....k^...^.!v^..i.:..k^
(^....r..
.:v..s...L.^.
->,
.-^.....Tx
\..
..':rv,.
k..
10.
.XS^:
H 109
81
Exercise 48.
Pine,
1.
bone,
puff,
beef,
Prone, reproof,
patron, retrieve,
plain,
brief,
crone,
4.
5.
Planets,
phantom,
devote,
divest,
bailiff.
mandoline,
ben-
Exercise 49.
..^.
../...
-./!*?.
1.
-Vo
often,
xvilhin;
.^
behalf,
Every
Phonography;
southern;
...v..
above;
difficult
provoke us
advantage,
.y....
We
have
heaven,
northern;
..
...^.
to
strive
to-gain
upon
heaven,
been;
approve,
difficult.
...
.>so
to
us and-
and even
to
earth.
manner
of-our defence
of-It.
3.
caus3
of-the
rush,
may
have-
Southern
South
and-this with-its
their shoRes.
5.
6.
On
rainy season.
Mr.-Brown, we approve ofLodge, and we-shall-bethem done within-the next few days.
the
pleased to-have
82
^ 109
Summary.
1.
n
2.
to straight strokes.
/ or
t;
to straight strokes.
3.
4.
There
is
5.
When
no / or
t>
hook
to curves.
final stroke
must
be used.
6.
When
written either
7.
8.
Hooks
and
The
n,
f or
may
legible joining
final
may
be
upward or downward.
be used medially where an easy
is
syllable -ner
secured.
is
represented by
'=-^
when
1 10-1 1 1
11
CHAPTER
83
XVII.
110.
circles s
and
ses
by WTiting the
circle or loop
hook,
with
that
dance,
...J
.d
danced,
.A...
ZZj:>
glances,
-9-0 glanced;
and
str
...Oz
J;^..
as
...J
..^-
--<=, glen,
dispense,
Dan,
..^ pen,
Dunster;
expenses;
spins,
....c_
dances,
st
to a straight stroke
Right Motion,
the
~ZS^ expense,
pens,
..Jb
is,
n attached
..^
spin,
-.siTD
glens,
dispenses,
<i<^.
dispensed.
The small
111.
is
added
to the
circle
hook n attached
balloons,
--
.^a
vines,
....}>
lawns.
frowns,
earns,
The
vans
shrines (nz),
(nz),
zones,
effect of the
(nz),
thus,
&'."...
circle
moans
(nz),
fine,
..Sss
thrones,
a/...
shines,
mines,
....,>_9
preceding rule
is
fines;
^Sc^.i
nines,
that the
sound
Athens
z)
by writing
to curves
of nz, as in the
(nz),
nouns
zones
(nz),
words fens
shines
(nz),
84
Where
112.
as in the
word
fence,
it is
The
nonce.
expressed by ^^
regular in
is
thus,
~j>
minced,
^-^s^r^..
The
113.
mincer,
.!^hr^.
o^--
observes,
When
114.
chancel,
cleanser,
/^^ZTT..
som,
mince,
of the
.V-.,^
fences,
....'-^i)
minces,
mincing; )s~^
waves,
<<^'-
..J_3 archives,
thus, .J^
heaves,
Al
puff,
.^.\/ls-
by writing
-^
puffs,
operatives,
sheriffs.
Johnson,
-..-c_ji_x
V,^_jv/.
fencer,
~l
</?[S..
fence,
....^^.JO'
la
the con-
circle s is
caves,
thence,
...v_p
related words of
all
-^=.^_p
....^-^J:
thus, S^-^p
and transcription
...^
struction of outlines
^>,~._^
...-i_-^j
112-11
1[
ivinsome,
i\-...
pensive,
r-^j>c~
immensity,
/5.
hansom.
...io density,
cancer,
/.S\
c^^jp^/.
rancid,
^114
85
Exercise 50.
.1...
out of;
.1...
</2-
ivhich have;
one;
.^.^^^..v.
2.
/C:7f....
4.
....^ ...
W.
"-b'...\
....
i;
....
/V
8. .i
y<s^.
...:>.
^...
\....:...
l.^.c^...,
vv
^:^...\^.
:r;...
^..
.JVrsi
.)
.J^b....,.?v
_>!....t. .: Jr::....i..\
...^....).....c/::r'..
^.
i.....!^^.....^^.....'^^^
-*^^-%^
-J.
.../;
\.^.
S^.
^N/^
J..
_^
J^
j^...i.k.':.....ir.
7.
have;
.:r^w^....":r^.^.
V^,....:..3..^...,,-^<^....C;..'."^
who
opinion.
>v_i>
1.
..I...
\^...:^....^ ...^....^,
c-o.-a^.:r::...^.-.^
^^....^...^..<>^..x
^.-.ZJ^....::\^^...^..:^1^-....^.-J-..<^....^.^^^
^..:r....i....c.,....^.\^..:^.\...,^^.\;.A
xi....l..i,....i.c......_^.:)
a.
[^
L....<N^..,
^.
^....s...N....^.
_^....^...S
86
H 114
Exercise 51.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Exercise 52.
"
''
signify-ie.d,
significant;
signifixiance;
<r..
..y. balances,
...^.
at once;
d...
..?....
balanced;
deliverance;
.A...
suggestion;
L....
suggestive.
balance
of-the
shall at-once
The
preserves on
despatch
silence of-the
The
to-them;
and-we-
we feaR, but
nearer than we imagine.
suggestive,
offer
the cases.
their
deliverance
came
to-the
may-be
young
barrister
his
and-if-you
When
the
1[
114
87
Exercise 53.Revisionary.
[Containing
all
to 52 inclusive.]
I.
There-is
If-the
deal in Northern
and Southern
Aewoio-the
balance
at-once
to
turns
Pacifies
and pleased
cleaR
oS-the
to
deficit
/ happen
gious
to
know Mr.
principles,
Luff's views
and-it-wiW-be a
upon
general reli-
pleasure to-me to
Chosen
on behalf
circumstances
in-which-you
have-been
difficult
placed,
trouble
and
and
annoyance.
6.
7.
We
which-is
of-the
sample of coffee
we usually supply to-our
of-the enclosed
strength
customeRs.
8.
88
H 114
Summary.
1.
2.
circle or loop is
strokes
Circle s
is
strokes,
The
light
sound
the sign
4.
is
expressed by
is
expressed by
of nn after a curve
na.
5.
^_p
of nz after a curve
to.
hook.
115-117
If
"shun" hook.
CHAPTER
89
XVin.
116.
.-tipn,
is
116.
is
SS
session,
...l)'
-^T^ motion,
When
117.
having an
is
attachment
initial
loop or hook),
(circle,
it is
In
is
On
(a)
when added
'.
io
to
oppression,
(b)'
On
(c)
On
is
written:
Ss-.
vacation,
V_
Vs_
after
t,\
d,
j,
curves;
initial
option,
but
....>.y\j
..
(up)
thus,
when
-x
when added
attachment, except
citation,
legation;
in the case of
attachment
..u'..
aggregation;
an
is
initial
thus,
...,^-
following these
hook
an
a straight stroke;
-\/P dissuasion,
added to k or
affection,
hook
opposite to
the side
thus,
...^5
passion,
partition,
......h
SHUN
90
HOOK.
11117
Exercise 54.
1-
-^^::^
.^^
/^....():...
^..:Sy:i...n^-....-r^...i-^
3.':^.....^....*;^^...^_....wnj.
-t^
8.
..4<'...::s^....v^
Exercise 55.
J^
svhjecHon;
^-r>
v^
signification;
The exultation
having
.!So subjective;
...
won
the
of
...L
generation;
information.
Thomas Goschen
Opation Prize
at-the
is
due
to-his
entrance exam-
ination.
Exception
is
to subjective studies.
4.
to
physical
exercises,
which-are
"shun" hook.
H 118-120
When
118.
expressed
is
91
circle
or circle ns,
it
side to
ds-shun,
dns-shun.
(a)
shun hook
and the
expressed by the vowel-sign being written
is
hook;
the
outside
thus,
.Xg
position,
.....^
physician,
transition.
....ii
When
(b)
vowel
is
the hook
possession,
.^^
...
is left
unvocalized a second-place
between the
to be read
:q
accession,
First-place vowels
dispensation.
circle
and shun;
...H-ue.
sensation,
thus,
119.
thus,
actionable,
devotional,
C^....
and the
circle
additional,
...L
optional,
may
positional,
&(......
When
supposition,
/CT.
transitional;
fashions;
120.
-^
....!SZ....
.^
thus,
..-O
fashion,
S^
suppositions.
be written; thus,
..r)
intuition,
to such
tion,
large
but
words as
.TX^
'..b
.^^C^^
punctuation,
\/\
perpetua-
"shun" hook.
92
^ 120
Exercise 56.
1.
..^
2.
.X..-.-i^.-./<^
^^a
4'
J,-
yC...
<^
^^_
Exercise 57.
..4-
1.
satisfaction;
Africa
is
still
</ie
.4-
justification;
../...
least
known
generalization.
In some portions
3. Its
partition
to-the
foreigneRs.
4.
5.
We may make
of religion like
of
commerce
like
With some
generations
of-its
to-come
in-which
we
see-the
exaltation
"shun" hook.
^ 120
93
Summary.
large
and
is
(a)
Inside curves;
(b)
Opposite
to
the
attachment
initial
of
straight stroke;
(c)
when added
(d)
/,
and upward
when added
to
2.
3.
4.
5.
On
an
initial
94
THE ASPIRATE
CHAPTER
121-123
If
XIX.
THE ASPIRATE.
121.
is
by a downward
expressed
downstroke /, thus,
122.
and
The downward
(a)
it is
always read
to the strokes
ham,
.../...
r;
dot.
tick h
only used
is
in the outline.
\
Z^ hear,
hail,
first
).v
tick,
and by a
thus,
It is prefixed
-^.../
hooper,
-.^).
initially,
...'/
heater,
hazy,
.1...
..../-^
hatcher,
hedger.
Tick h
(b)
Though
(c)
of a word,
.>s,,,:^.
for
123.
prefixed
is
by a
are followed
it
the tick
may
whom,
is
is
and
as
only
..../
when they
hussy,
...7/
huzza,
initial
be employed in phraseograms, as in
.J!^
vowel which
to
final vowel,
represents h
to be aspirated,
is
and
used to obtain
an easy outline:
(a)
!\^...
(6)
Medially,
:!^XiD
apprehensive,
vehicle;
also,
ham, --Zip
hogshead,
manhood;
[k
downhill,
L.^l...
Birmingloophole,
THE ASPIRATE.
^ 124-125
Initially in
(c)
happy, happen,
word
atives of the
When
(b)
hawk,
...
as in
Z_
hay;
in
and
or
as in
mahogany,
cohere, -...Z_,_^
The upstroke h
125.
...TZ_L
is
When
(a)
written in
all
in
<s^...
hose,
6^. hewn,
<s:\..
When
(b)
<^....
(SCIZ hackle,
When
by the curves n or
\......
hawker,
followed
is
loop or hook, as
in
aCl....
<C.-...!
122
(a);
(d)
hid,
<i;^\.
....(sL
heath,
Generally
straight
..x^^-
thus,
harrow,
as
in
ng, or
an
hammer;
by a
....<iy
when h
upstroke,
hoist,
straight
.....6.\
<^...
Henry;
followed
is
circle,
<s7^'..
hooked horizontal, as
initially
(c)
husk,
hove,
by a
followed
is
ti^\Z7..
Hence,
written:
is
..I'X-.
unhook.
....11.
(c)
com-
in deriv-
.4.- higher;
jL!. highly,
by
followed
is
/!...
haystack;
J:....
high, as in
> hawking,
Z-
happily,
used:
is
h stands alone,
of such words, as in
pounds
L\^
thus,
handy.
I.
The downstroke /
When
(a)
heaven, hand;
half,
.^\^ happening,
124.
95
sC^..\.
upstroke,
in
hearth,
or
paragraph
d^2\
hop,
hush;
follows
^y^.'.
downstroke
upheave,
^S^\
or
behead,
THE ASPIRATE.
96
126.
(a)
of the h
the
When
circle
thus,
s;
with
by
or
circle
it
cannot be read as
exchequer,
behave.
-^ the downward
When
Sheehy.
.Tifern
.^ScCtl
After initial
its
11126
as in
h,
is
written
J" Soho,
thus,
s is
shown
\.-^ Fitzhugh,
racehorse.
Exercise 58.
1.
c.
5.
^
A....
.-v:.....
kn:.
.!^..s<I
A..,^..
8.
r:..
Z_
.\.
X .....CXI
zt
-i
.A
cp
.1
V^
i:....0" ....^
"cs...
<iix...x
^i...^^r:,
..^....N\....
:?\
<r'....v:?....:^
THE ASPIRATE.
^ 126
97
Exercise 59.
hall, hallow, hiRe, hurry, hopper, Hebrews, Hebrides, hotter, hydrogen, hatcher.
1.
Hussy, home,
2.
Head,
axehead,
uphill, girlhood,
hole.
aiRhole,
Bingham,
freehold,
handscrew, half-time.
3.
4.
Habitation,
haughty,
hide,
heavy,
hatch,
hyphen,
Hustle,
hassock,
host,
hone,
heave,
hovel,
haggle,
Exercise 60.
Dear Henry,
My
brother Horace
BaR HarboR, New Haven and Halifax, and-we-have onLy come home to Hanley <o-day.
At Halifax we paid a hurried visit to Crown Hill Park
and Aston Hall, and stayed over Sunday in Hastings
From Hastings we sailed
with Mr. and Mrs. Holmes.
vrith cousin Harry to Hoboken to-get a glance at the big
Halifax, the name of-which-is said to-mean
docks there.
with our relations ai
''Holy Face,"
is
on-the Hebble,
it.
Yours affectionately,
Hugh
Heskins.
98
THE ASPIRATE.
If
126
Summary.
(o)
Before
s,
m,
2,
1.
Tick h
is
usedi
(The word
r.
I,
SMALLER forms
useful
mne-
monic.)
(6)
r.
(a)
(6)
2.
Dot h
is
used J
stroke.
(a)
3.
Downward
is
a few
grammalogues.
When
standing
pounds
the
used
alone,
words
of
downstrokef
in
written
and
in
comwith
the
derivatives of high.
(b)
Before k and
g,
a horizontal.
(a)
When
by a
followed
circle,
loop,
or hook.
(6)
is
used
When
(c)
When
by n or ng, or an
hooked horizontal.
followed
initially
Upward h
other than
when
by a straight
by a downstroke
followed
upstroke,
or
s,
z,
r,
and generally
following a downstroke or
a straight upstroke.
1[
127-129
CHAPTER
XX.
127.
there
are
99
R.
stroke
alternative
forms for
(a)
Easiness of outline;
in studying this
(6)
these
If
in
Vowel
mind
rules will
be
readily understood.
When R
128.
(a)
When
form
form
is
if
ray;
...^
^... rays;
airs,
r generally indicates a
upward
..\ airy,
downward
ward form
if
initially
written
is
air,
When
(b)
form
....^
hence, an initial
if
Z^
...."^
sore,
o^
sorrow;
a^. siren.
When R is the first stroke in an outline.
129.
(a) The downward form is written if a vowel precedes,
the upward form if a A^owel does not precede; thus,
.3\
4-^
.'A^-- orb,
(b)
Either form
indication
outUne
before
^ob;
is
of
ignored,
should
t,
be
d, ch, j,
stern,
th,
initial
rather
employed:
th, w,
is
and vowel
an awkward
Always upward r
written,
than that
(1)
kl, gl;
thus, ._v
.b irritation,
100
Xb
rotation;
earth,
...../A
..-/. I
.../
arid,
Always downward
(2)
ram;
.^!V--N
...>|-=
...
sermon,
.1
wC3
aridity;
H 130-131
before
...\r~~^-
to;
ridge;
Irwin;
y^..'.
oracle,
thus,
arm,
...>-^
ceremony.
130.
(a)
the
perry;
.1
(fe)
not / or
.J\
V,
the
upward
cation
is
ignored,
is
prepare,
and vowel
indi-
awkward
Always upward r
after
r is written,
(1)
.,
should be employed:
line
...>;-^...
.,
(c)
r is written; thus,
.<rrl. roar,
out-
c,^.. weir,
by /.^;
upward
after
thus,
thus,
y^..
and a
r after a curve
straight
!^....
horizontals
circle like
upstrokes
or
professor,
cL
follows
another
Vo
(2)
Always
or >p
dispenser,
and
for
circled
.^...
s;
racer,
c^f.. closer;
(d)
When
finally, it is generally
cti^..
stroke
and
is
hooked
When R
131.
line
it
is
is
generally
If
131
form
is
101
R.
.\./rr\
mark;
.ZZ^.
dark,
Exercise 61.
1.
-y.-A
2.
.^....^^...^
5.
->,_..A.
r:^..../?.^
^;..^....^;....=:v^...::vr^ ....:^
/7-..^-...e^.\
_:r:../aP....;u^\.|
>A,....L....i
:^.l
.:n...r'...'::^...:c^'
'J'^-^...:
..L:^..^..k.^.<s...v::r
,.;'.
102
T[
131
Exercise 62.
1.
Ear,
2.
3. Pairs,
accuser, answers.
4. Glazer,
grazer,
rare,
careers,
mirror, worn,
tariff,
Exercise 63.
1.
birth, though
but,
in-the
hope
on a tour
Rome and
to-the
Paris.
4.
6.
to all
7.
To-day
his
literary
ever,
him-
and-his
11131
103
R.
'
Summary.
(a)
If
it
1.
When
only
in
r is the
stroke-
an outUne
(6)
If
circled
initially
or
if
looped,
When
r is the
first
stroke
in
an outhne
Downward
upward
(a)
Upward
kl,
before
gl;
Downward
upward
(6)
When
r is the
an outline
Upward
the
last strokein
a vowel precedes,
vowel does not
precede.
(jb)
w,
3.
if
if
(c)
if
rather
d, ch, j, ih,
if
TH,
before m.
no vowel
follows,
a vowel follows.
after
second
/or V.
Upward
t,
downward
two downstrokes,
which is not
of
irrespective
of
vowels,
hne.
(d)
Generally upward
when hooked
When
stroke.
104
^ 132-134
"l."
CHAPTER XXI.
UPWARD AND DOWNWARD
132.
u......
steals,
133.
It
(a)
When L
swollen,
6.....
When L
is
aloud;
(b)
When
legal, l.iTS
loud,
is
foUowed
hooked
initially,
thus,
...._
elk,
Lccky;
l..
lamb.
C......
When
(c)
thus,
lisp.
written downward;
....^ alum,
sales,
b......
solution.
b...>...
is
ale,
L....
is
L^..
by a horizontal
is
thus,
..../aI
it
is
is
it
L.
it
is
writ-
ten with the same motion as the circle and curve; thus,
C-
Lucific,
br....
134.
(a)
It
L...
(b)
I
if
is
is
(c)
ward;
(d)
downward
J)^..
if
thus,
thus,
thus,
puzde, lZ.
list-
r^i jolly,
trial.
v_ o
or a straight upstroke,
no vowel follows, and upward
...S>
full,
rally.
'Nell,
...^..T
circle;
Kingsley;
thus,
is
Nelly; /(.J
written downwrongly.
follows the
same
nasal,
motion as the
\Zl
upward
written
generally
a vowel follows;
k_^
is
written
losing,
lissom.
/^.....
When L
C^ lesson,
elusive,
circle,
^ 135
When L
135.
105
"L.''
is
is
secure
iC^
^^
a good joining;
thus,
golf,
.<L-^^\
unload,
column,
....C^
calamity.
yely,
<<^..
..../C-^
realm,
is
it
used to
S-Ji
..N-
filch,
volume,
Exercise 64.
1.
C^...:C.....C..:(^../':^-....cy..
2.
(L....
3.
(^...(^.
k^...^:..
C\
6%
\/^....^.....y:.
-^...^....V.....Z-f .....t^.,.!Z:l..^
_y^.....v/\...
4.
.^ ..^... A,....2^....h-
6.
:^....ci....^.,.w^....x^..XuX.---^.^
6.
.:r:r.....n
... I- ...-:...
/^
....\4\
>p^
...
.y........-:....
L...^..>..-.a
..\...^...j-....\.rv......'^....^.....^..K
^... ^^....l
X....
8-
'^^.s^
i..t^...\
(\-^9.
^ --^
^.'1 .^v:
_.
i-A..:
-^-^>^.
/^
1-..^.'-
^> -
>-^"^;"-
^x
-^.-A-^-b-V-'
i^....
^.L^...'^...}^^..
>^->-
106
f 135"
Exercise 65.
1.
lapse,
lisps,
4.
Bale,
lozenge,
sing,
gaol, sickly,
5.
allonge,
biUow, towel,
file,
lessor.
delay,
dial,
chill,
chiUy,
goal,
6. Tulip,
unlucky,
envelope,
lucky,
milling,
puUing,
spelling, sculling.
Exercise 66.
1.
National
life
was in
full
reign of Elizabeth.
2.
The
which-was
relief
Armada was
brought
by-the
defeat
of-the
full o/-life.
3.
4.
In-the daily
the songs
and essays
life
bethan show
in relation
5.
Then
the
to
6.
to
of Spenser
of-the nation,
many
educational policy.
occupation
all
alike,
predecessors,
of-their
a higher sphere
or
to
aspire
o/-life.
and Sidney.
making
it
to-give
educational
facilities
If
135
107
Summary.
1.
When
is
the
only stroke
in an outhne
2.
When
It is written
upward,
[
(o)
Generally upward.
(6)
the
stroke
first
in
is
f
-j
zontal
an outline
hooked
(c)
In
the
circle
stroke
not
is
(a)
Generally upward.
(b)
Downward
follows,
the
after
V_ \^
upward
if
o
and
no vowel
a vowel folif
lows.
an outhne
or
a straight upstroke
When
circled
initially.
(c)
Downward
after
the
strokes
n,
ng.
(d)
and
4.
When
circle it follows.
is
COMPOUND CONSONANTS.
108
H 136-137
CHAPTER XXII
COMPOUND CONSONANTS.
The
136.
thus,
...c
if
(a)
kw
and
if
Circle
quilly.
<z-L...
quill,
upward
follows,
to
kw downward
After
no vowel
Zr.
C_ gw
(kwa), and
hook adds
large initial
compound
may be
prefixed,
as
in 'ZT. squall.
Enlarging the
(6)
hook
initial
c/^
words
whip,
c^.. where;
(c)
wl
6.....
Therefore,
first.
written, as in
(d)
(ler),
lor,
..S>^
si;
This
L....
initial
sill,
Willie,
(Ci.
adds
r,
thus,
ler,
It
lar,
is
the
use
of
full,
..V^
fuller;
S^
This sign
but
thus,
downward
may
for
valor;
indicates
awhile.
Thickening a
lour.
rules
w; thus,
'
if
'<l....
which form
hook to
as 6
ware,
c^<^..
indicates
'
large initial
whl (hwel).
same way
the
whistle.
hook to
initial
and a
(wel);
wh, thus
in the
cA".....
small
cj?.....
indicates
(hwa), as in the
Compare
0<^.. whirl.
weasel,
c^
of
C^ wh
downward
..C.
boil,
I;
scholar,
\/Z^
as in the
.....X.
boiler;
words
councillor,
^-/^^
miller.
COMPOUND CONSONANTS.
^ 13S
The
in
sign
\j\......
may
form
a vowel follows, as
if
foolery.
Thickening
(e)
not be used
109
is
.>iU.,^^
or
if
as .N.
orrery.
hirer,
..^ hearer.
Thickening
(/)
may
Tick h
^^
barer;
*^.
LV^.
^i^.
bare,
If
fairer.
r's,
r,
be attached to
adds p or
thus,
b,
career,
as in
mp
,^v
r,
..L^
(emp)
boss;
When
if
.J\
r,
q_-=^ scamper,
a vowel occurs
mop, .\.^ mob.
or finally
hooked
U^ dampen,
..../^
ambition.
-C?^ empress,
^.....
impel.
hemp,
..-f^
138.
sonants
thus,
....>.
but
Tick h
emperor;
/r-^-yC...
may be
^i^
employ,
attached to r-^, as in
hv&
..../^
humbug.
Any
may
....7T
where,
r or
vjjT..!.
of
these
signs
be used medially,
9-<_^-
exquisite,
unwieldy,
shampooed.
-^
(--
for
if
the
compound con-
cogwheel,
^-^^^^..
J/^
no-
scholarly,
COMPOUND CONSONANTS.
110
^ 138
Exercise 67.
Exercise 68.
whether,
i^..
g^
whither;
./v
important-ance,
impossible,
C...
....
will;
Q...,
while;
improve-d-ment;
/-t improves-ments.
1.
2.
The
rivers of
Japan are
too
impetuous
to
of-the
any
ample
be of
the
their
4.
with very impressive scenery, andwhich encircle them are well-known for
bamboo grass and wealth of gay lilies.
There-are
lakes
hills
Moths and
butterflies
of
exquisite
colors
may-be-
Whether we
visit-the
numerous temples
cities,
arrest the
Many
1[138
COMPOUND CONSONANTS.
Summary.
1.
Character.
Ill
THE HALVING PRINCIPLE.
112
CHAPTER
^ 139-140
XXni.
{Section 1.)
139.
The halving principle explained below provides
a simple means of indicating the very frequently occurring
letters t and d, in accordance with the following rules:
140.
.^^ pay,
pate;
-..^
^p.
(b)
Heavy
....]*
...^
..r\
strait,
...J'
made
ape,
moat;
..^ prates;
stray,
strokes are
thus
mow,
made
t;
....^
....%'
bee, ...\'
err-
(c)
grey,
bead;
....t-
./....
ease, )
..
Vowel-signs
to
halved
..V-.
of a halved stroke is
.after
the
..
_r>
coats;
I.
street,
...a~
read
by
secret;
halving; thus
to
.S^ feet;
and
always read
swag-
next
end
or d indicated
are
sobbed;
..r.Ss
swagger,
forms
ebbed,
...N
s at the
is,
fright;
straits.
spy, ..^
.^
fry,
.3w
aped;
..h.
.^
circle
last,
that
coat,
..l* streets.
*\\
111-142
as in
paint or pained;
....^
..
113
tents or tends;
.d'
p^ cautioned;
141.
(a)
stroke; thus
..CT
greed,
When
(b)
final
...\-
.....I.
pit,
greedy;
pity;
Nat
I.
The
<
not employed;
is
thus,
i^...
(a)
final
-..rfv
or d
also written
is
....o^
secret,
...!..v,.
circle
or hook,
or
d,
fiat,
sacred,
to
inevitable, to distinguish
is
The
half-length r
words as
-...4\
written.
The reason
between
rt
right,
hunt,
<i?....
riffs,
<i>....
hunts;
<f....
added
...j(b rights,
for
..V-.
haft,
hafts.
(b)
^-
thus,
rts
full
guilty;
unavoidable.
rrr::^
142.
Cl
distinguish from
out a
guilt,
natty.
from
i^...
diadem.
quiet,
(c)
.^
...-y
supplied.
this
for
for and-is.
is
must be
prevent
clashing
the stroke
to
alone,
therefore, in such
Such words as
^...
rents,
114
^ 142
Exercise 69.
1.
iv.A..r.'^...?:....!<^
^-...v....?^....."^s....5^^...^v^...c<:...-K:...r
-C
2.
/..../:...
3.
^..?^-....V.....V.....%-.....%'.....--ro- -
4.
4.....Tf-J?...
5.
o^...!:n
6.
V..^^
7.
iv...,
8.
(s:!:.
... I".....-!
>^^....-..<Z'...
...;N'....\
<j**!
<<'.....
...'^....rS'...:'^..,^...
^-^.-.4-.
c/1.
<<?.... ^.....
<?
^..
P....:F
k. w....C-_.<:-. O
^1.^
,.
/;....:/:....
i-....t..^o.,..c:rk::..^<ir.
.^...-.^
p...|
....\^ ....VvA...^...
c_
."\ ...!So....
...->)
y^
....
(1-
....
/^ ... x<:l....y
Exercise 70.
_
could;
e
quite,
...c-
called,
1.
...G-
Our new
to,
cart,
c_
equalled, cold;
cold
according
accord-ing,
guard,
cared;
....=-
....s-
greai;
greatest;
gold.
business
storage
...c^
has-been-the
greatest
According-to
all
accounts
there-is
where-the attraction
3.
means.
We-are of-one accord
in-the
but
is for-the
it-is
great
demand
difficult
to
see
investor of moderate
"Scientific American,"
1[
142
115
Summary.
1.
2.
3.
of d.
mary
6.
4.
stroke.
stroke
116
CHAPTER
XXIV.
The
(a)
four
strokes
and thickened
nd,
made;
..y" old,
(b)
aimed,
"> rd,
-Us.
as in the words
timid;
The form r
neat,
initial
need,
end;
...>^
may
but
sold,
...yS
....<^
styled,
~>
sign
...'^
The forms r
(c)
comes between
V.\ tarried,
144.
(a)
herds.
">
Id,
rd,
but
The
....L
the
signs
forms
.^
.1
pallid,
a vowel
if
but
-X
paled;
tarred.
~>
ler,
'
-lerd,
rer,
-rerd
are used
for
be-
representing
Id,
The
-<_
longed; but
rf:^....
impugned,
..U)
be halved
ng, cannot
...-^
....x
md,
the
hold;
(b)
...^^
mate, ...^
...^^
rd, as
which
aired.
cause
t,
(down),
Id
(Section 2.)
^-^
^ 143-144
hampered,
dampened.
imbued,
<<C. rampart,
L..
hooked
^^.Z\
be-
lingered,
^ 145-146
145.
(o)
Vart,
...\./
Rl
P-
generally
is
dart,
but
(b)
Id
r Lt
and rd
^ and
^.
and
rt
I;
may
respectively,
upward;
and
is
written upward,
^^..
..^S/^ belt,
if
It;,
written
fort;
...^s_/
It
117
is
It
downward
written
thus,
|^
thus,
after
when
.5-^.-
mildly,
<^--C:?^..
mildness;
.ni::^
cord,
but
.....
but
.J
cordage.
(c)
The
sign
c-^
.!^*^_k:'
(d)
may be
v^.. forward,
wart, wort, as in
may
brickyard,
CI.....
stalwart,
j/..
mug-
sailyard.
ward or upward;
^iCZ...
thus,
-'^'^^
st
may be
protectionist,
written down.j!<-P
progres-
146.
of
fuller
....L
tacked,
named.
If neither of these
outline
must be
written,
....v.;^
shows the
is
present, a
-Ar-.
propped.
conditions
as
in-
intent, ...S-^/ord,
in
118
-rr. judged,
-n
L^..\ looked,
fact,
...-L_^^ thickened,
Jagged,
Half-sized
(b)
or d
treated,
l.|.
ness,
is
is
...l.^,
The
credited.
l-i.
cases, as
half-sized
....^Lp
apt-
(c)
thus,
few other
also disjoined in a
....s_P
or d;
dreaded,
1 1.
minute, \:
\^:^^. dwarfed.
stroke
147
If
by haK-length
always indicated
is
or d respectively;
\y^
thus,
parted,
--"S
When
(d)
preceded by n or
a decidedly
/,
the hook
outhne
is
better
....'1
is
is
....l^.
/C^.
thus,
-^
front,
drafted;
rented;
when
secured;
-Co acquaint,
printed;
-\~m^.
immediately
written only
thereby
draft,
....%
print,
..l^
or
....</'
waft, ...c/\^
wafted.
The
147.
phy
(a)
:as
halving principle
in
am
not,
employed
is
in phraseogra-
as follows:
and
(d)
in
;a
it,
as in
.../v^
...V_
if
you may
^.
not
/ will not;
(c)
not,
c^ as in ..i^ this
phrase like
it,
word,
cii^l^
at all times.
we would
11147
119
Exercise 71.
gentleman,
cannot;
particular,
..^..
1.
^...^
2.
[^....{jrCrirl.
Q>....>
5.
-a
Uv
3. 'Sr-....t.....^^.
4. .j^....^-o^.....
gentlemen;
:...._.
9.
10.
.^m
.CX
:.
11.
\....^
6^,
L.:....T-.
.^
...
_e
\<^..
..-
.r.....1[.
3;^....
<^.........^...:i^.
^-...'rr:...:^
--:^v.....
<--
vi...o:..x
:rr:..j.
\...^.....s^[....\^
sr^.
L^...:.^....\v
.^r:i
.c*
:fZ]. ...O^..J;....
..::....:
JL .r:...:....V!....r\
^....^ .:...^--^
L...1
VA
:2N1
.a
C...1
/-^....<^....s,^
^..-.:.V^..:.N^
7. !....:
not.
wr....:^
l:^....Kl.....VI
rr::::^' ..X^....
cz^
happened;
child;
.'.....
(f\....<i^...oi^.
t^
^:^..;.k^.
..J.,
opportunity;
..^,
_ l:ri....!y^ .
..<^:r! zz::-::....i.n...K
'....'^
;.. ...:..^...c^..:....^...i
12.
13.
0'....(....^.....F.......^...i):...\....^, ....|...Z...V
.>^....T^...c:.....':....~::Xv.c:....J^..v.-._;..o:..C"x
^.^...Vi_^.....^...X^.
^._.v
.:::^:^
120
^ 147
Exercise 72.
1.
2.
3.
4. Quilt,
sailed, heard.
5.
6.
7.
Salvationist.
Exercise 73.
1.
C.
..^..
.......
..!..
cheered;
......
had
...C.
without;
.r/^..
We-shall-be-able-to
Trade
..!..
towards;
not, do not;
erect
Exhibition
the
..fv...
.......
...J
..
you were
building
towards-the
chaired,
did not;
end
that,
not.
in-time for-the
of
next
year,
You-are-not
take proceedings against them without delay <o-prevent any encroachment on-our rights.
3.
You-weve-not
told-the
syndicate
will
build
the
hall
He
tried
to-find
out
if-it-weve
possible
to-have-the
We-think we-have a legal right to-the sole use of-thisword as our <rode-mark, and shall defend our right
till-it is decided otherwise by-the law of-the land.
6.
/ heard them
the
crowd
tell-it
to-the
cheered,
and-the
band played,
"See-the
^ 147
Exercise 74
[Containing
121
Revisionary.
all
may
give satis-
in fact.
2.
You-should
opportunity
take-the
of
attending
this
Its
signification
to-this
of-the people.
4.
us, for
they have-
Issues
greatest
of-the
Mr. Watson
importance
whither I go
The
guard
coidd-not
called-upon him,
of-the last
8.
We
few
detectives,
ivho
known.
autumn
very brisk
to be
elected.
pened
him
to see
enlighten-i/ie
depend on whether
of-the
average
years.
required
it,
but,
while
quite impossible.
9.
Those-who-have
admit
the
10.
made a
that present
views
We-cannot
subjective
methods
study of child
life
hope
to-mix
with
gentlemen
without-the-uianneTS of a gentleman.
if-we-are
122
^ 147
Summary.
1.
The
^^
'-^
four strokes
'
"> are
d.
not used
if
3.
4.
Rt
is
5.
no vowel follows
Lt and
a vowel
l-d, r-d.
It is
is
It
may
be
written upward,
written
downward
I.
rt,
finally for Id
6.
The terminations
by
7.
8.
c^
and yard by
st may be
The haK-length
upward after shun.
)
Two
may
be expressed
<^
written
downward
or
unless there
is
or d
is
or d.
In past tenses
-ted or -ded is
half-length
or d respectively.
11.
When
12.
The halving
always indicated by
represent
principle
it,
is
used in phraseography to
^ 148-149
123
CHAPTER XXV.
THE DOUBLING PRINCIPLE.
The halving
148.
the
^\'Titing of
principle
a stroke twice
an added
Curves, as in
\ matter
.o
ardor,
.L.
...
tartaric,
.\^
THr:
-X^
or madder;
.J...
^ flow, ...^.
The
^.
central.
shutter or shudder;
may
rule
^^
be extended
L^
enUric.
federal;
another stroke, as in
..X^...
sceptre,
sector,
..\^..
pointer,
pewter,
...q
.\,^^^...
scatter;
powder;
)(^/^S' foreboder;
^Sr\
used
is
fighter;
father.
such words as
(b)
usual length,
syllable or word.
dr or
ir,
.>>,- fie,
floater; ...^
^,
its
principle, that
149.
(a)
employed
is
The doubUng
or d.
patters, iSn
but
.....^
......J
platters.
gather,
when
..^\^.-
following
n
spider,
.\^. ponder;
nectar,
...jy^)
.\^...
debater,
THE DOUBLING PRINCIPLE.
124
Words with
(c)
The
150.
(a)
final
circle
L.
stroke
L.
later,
With
.yfZ) Luther.
doubled for
is
but
letters;
!\n
I,
attached,
anther,
'
''"
panther.
% 150
this exception
only;
'ir
thus,
...r) leather,
older,
..../I
doubled to indi-
is
y^
slider,
^..
bolder,
(b)
The
addition of
/"^
/""^
holder,
v..
milder,
sign
r;
/-^
lender,
(..
(^/f......
is
slender,
6.
wash-leather.
...U
finally
.^rrr^s.
hooked
it
impounder,
pamper,
may be
doubled
.jv^
:Sv^. impon-
.\
derable.
(c)
The
sign
"^
is
...^
shrinker,
(..
thus,
'>-^
longer.
It
is,
ng-kr,
ng-gr,
as
in
however, generally
more convenient
for
verbs,
scampered; -
(d)
-p-t^.^
conquer,
....o^r^
scamper,
....q_cn
,^ conquered.
^f^ and
's-^
_,jA
may be
doubled
lumber,
(S..
lumberer;
(...
linger,
C.
lingerer.
'
H 151-153
of
(e)
tr,
dr,
125
in
added
stroke which
being read as
syllable
<i-s-,__^ signature,
thus,
-tor;
debenture, -^
L.
picture.
151.
When the present tense of a verb
with the doubling principle, the past tense
slaughter,
6^
\....
pampered;
/?:..
slaughtered;
tender,
written
is
written
pamper,
...v^'^v.
rendered.
152.
(a)
final
c^...
flattery;
sunder, but
I.
read
last;
tenders;
In
153.
doubUng
thus,
s...
(Jo)
sundry; .L
c<<^..
....feather,
.V
feather,
flatter,
wintry;
but
...%J
feathers;
.^r:^.. rafter,
^<r_
rafters.
accordance
with
the
employed
the words their,
principle
the indication of
(o)
but
winter,
.'^^^T^v..
(b)
is
is
--
...-r
feature,
.L.
preceding
in
is
their,
^v...
can be
...>^=r~
to
the
make
in their;
in,
there,
-\^ has
rules,
phraseography for
there; thus:
In stroke logograms, as in
upon
tender,
their.
to be there;
in ....^}sii__>
126
11153
Exercise 75.
...V
met,
sent;
therefore;
../-.
meeting;
!)
third;
..
short;
...?s
spirit;
..jt^
somewhat.
2.
3.
..^::rt:r...
S^W'\\-^--^
Yi
4.
r^)...
5.
6.
la
7.
p,
<r^...2..J
8.
'I
...
<:....'t...^....^..,
^..6(
^..kx
L--^-^
v:.....
>
....
^T
^>
<^....i....
IT,
^..ZL^...^. r/
1[
153
o^...s:^ ...N....
^..r^....'p1,
13.
14.
..:
.:r:....:....!:>
\L.^
127
|^. ^..<....n...(
/...2....1..^x
.^ -y..-'^ ^J.^^:.:...^...^...^y\
- .4...X
..!::....)...Js....:v
J:..
.^^
'^....1..^....^^
Exercise 76.
1.
2.
3.
Anthers,
sorters.
lands.
Arthur's,
centrahzation,
dysenteric,
feder-
alist.
4.
chambermaid,
6. Picture-frame,
7.
distemper,
adventure, adventuresome.
Mutter, muttered, wanderer, wandered, temper, tempered, alter, altered, shatter, shattered.
8.
9.
/-take, /-take-i/teir,
I-ivill-be,
I-will-be-there,
have-seen, you-will-have-seen-their.
you-will'
128
If
153
Exercise 77.
.....
hand,
under;
...^
yard,
word;
..'^..
1.
We-have
2.
new centering
and
criticism,
form of a
and sold.
3.
also
guillotine,
and a model
is
also
made
to-give
speeds in
of-these
value for-the
5.
Another
siren which-can-be
is an exhaust
any machine, and-ivhich-has a note like-the
feature
fitted to
ordinary
6.
money
mouth
much
louder.
made
and no words
7.
There-is a tool
8.
reflector.
is carried m-i/ie-center.
9. Finally,
we
miist
solar generator,
filter,
11153
129
Summary.
(o)
To
curves,
circled initially,
Doublingof
strokes
iss (6)
apphed
2.
When
To
tr,
dr,
THr.
attached, for
tr
only.
(c)
To mp
(d)
for r;
to ng for kr,
is
gr;
to
-lure.
written
final
last.
there.
130
CHAPTER
1[
154-5
XXVI.
syllables
155.
thus
by writing a small
.^^ darkness,
neer.
(b)
An
(a)
indicated
-*
An
expressed
- .,,.-,,
-,.
j....
gnarl,
,.,_
..lUTi;
or a diphthong is
through the hooked
by
form in the
striking
first,
the
sign
(c)
.^- portray,
When
an
...
initial or final
hook or
circle
would
may be
is
hooked form;
inter-
the latter
first-
vowel
regulation;
or
also,
diphthong;
when the
thus,
-U
dormant, .-^^^^^
T[
156
131
^
awkward
circle is
-..^
nurse,
....c-h'
of a
r or
is
\l... pale,
The consonants
nl,
shl,
written
narrative.
....I
(a)
may be
-^-
thus,
yair,
..^Sw
shell.
jr,
clir,
separated from
vr,
mr, nr,
as in germ, mercantile,
il,
dl,
<eZephone,
chl,
jl,
delicsite,
Chelsea,,
without loss of
thus,
legibility;
./-s
cantile,
germ, cr~^Y^
.../..
Chelsea,
'w^'"-
When,
tolerable,
(c)
It
.^
divulge,
chilblain, ...LrV.
.5i3-'-s
martyrdom.
(d)
thus,
pyramid,
..5^s/\
....^-{r-c_:
hemisphere,
The methods
..<y
perturb,
categorical,
forgery,
iZZ^v^
-U-
}\Z^
experiment,
allegorical,
corporation.
-tor
capture.
from words in
-ture,
thus,
_^.. captor,
132
11156
Exercise 79.
1.
2.
Culvert,
burglar,
discourse,
curtains,
before,
culmi-
4. Calculation, shorten,
5. Per,
6.
Vale,
Norman, enormous.
7. Cultivate,
colonization,
carpenter,
rifle.
department,
en-
H 156
133;
Exercise 80.
...e
1.
school,
-.e_
schooled.
2.
mind.
3.
4.
Bonaparte's challenge
to-the
liberty
of-the
nations of
the.
numerous names
tional pride.
fills
The battles
ayid events,
of-the Nile
and Trafalgar;
6.
chinery
of riots followed
due
to-the
the
experimenting
VOCALIZATION OF DOUBLE CONSONANTS.
134
% 156
Summary.
1.
An
r or
(a)
is shown as follows:
Dot vowels, by a small
circle
placed after
for monosyllables.
3.
more consonants.
4. Pairs of
157-158
135
CHAPTER XXVn.
DIPHONIC OR TWO-VOWEL SIGNS.
157. In many words two vowels occur consecutively,
each being separately pronounced. To represent these,
special signs have been provided called diphones (from
the diphones
is
The diphone
158.
is
written as follows:
vSs
%ahi}o, -/-..-
(6)
o^Al,^^^..
/..
re-enter,
A-v geography, /
(".
^'-t
..._.^
o-: seriows.
thus,
amiable,
geographical,
and
surveyor;
If.
e,
'{[....
-^rrr:>
...
/-^
<t glorious,
or
real,
and
A...t..
meander,
champion,
).
creator,
136
The diphone
159.
(a)
In the
first
is
(b)
...^
omcide,
3!^
poet,
-">.
thus,
poetical,
comcident, d^.
Qawy,
l^.~
drawer,
-<<^..
coercion,
/?.
heroic,
shotvy,
(^1
heroism;
...?^
bestowal,
3-?
aw and any
(c)
159
written as follows:
vowel-place to represent
.....i_p
If
.../
Louisa,
L^...
thus,
Lewis,
....3-?
...^
hruin,
trwont,
.Jl'
lS/.i
Dritid,
hallooing.
Exercise 81.
2.
5.
6.
(M ,_y^.
...
xr:...
t. ....^:j-r....^... r^
r^
b L
^ 159
/^ /
8..^^</v:.....^...:^<^...\j^.
11. ^.....::v.....,^-^....::a:^....n....I>:
;/^
>^
.,
13?
-s.^..../^.
V^r.....<^....rv, rrv.
^....^.,...^....\^.:..JI^..<....^...Ay:...u
12.
^..
....
-^
\^^:^..,
zt-.
:f.....L...
1::^
..y:r.....6...:....:rj^..x...
_^-.
/...
..:^....
i:.,
rf::..^-.
..::..^-...i..jn3.....7^.1<ic...j.....
.:?^..../:....vr-...^
14.
N<r
(^.1
".
A.
x..:ri....i..i.<^
V..:x--
l...:\yLi....:v^..j.
(r....:
i;^..
..::^
138
^ 159
Exercise 82.
1.
veyor, gaiety.
2.
Agreeable,
theater,
deity,
Crimea,
theoretical,
theory,
Judea,
reinvest,
re-enter,
hurrying,
varying,
wearying, journeying.
3. Experience,
odium,
obUvion,
illustrious,
acquiesce,
appreciation, lenient.
4.
knowable,
Coalesce,
lowest,
sower,
poetry,
stoic,
egoism, billowy.
5.
theist,
atheist,
un-
doing.
Exercise 83.
1.
Meteorites
or
aerolites,
masses
of
matter
mineral
There-are
many
4.
At Mecca, in Arabia,
there-is
a stone said
to
be
of
^ 159
Summary.
Position.
139
140
diphthongs.
160-162
If
CHAPTER XXVIII.
W AND Y DIPHTHONGS.
When
160.
the sound of
or y (or
i)
by a small
j-epresented
wah
wa
we
161.
"vowel
jj,
assuage,
^-^-^
it
if
"")"'
""
ye
J,^
Avignon,
.S^^o?
question,
162.
yaw
yah
ya
yo
yoo
..^^....
/^-^^rr-
boudoir,
misquote,
yearling,
...TlT..
by
it is
"would take
~.j.^
wo
woo
"^j'
followed
formed,
semicircle; thus,
waw
is
is
(a)
...
The
^-^C...
million,
....^-ir^
i>/LZ..
misyoked,
accuse.
semicircle
is
employed to represent a
i and e are com-
t 163-164
The
(b)
semicircles
membered
circle
and
141
if
represent the
"^j'
diphthongs.
The
163.
initial
not recommended
is
Yarmouth, -%,
line as in ..>T>
usury;
jJ^:.
and
in
and
-:.'-iV
withdrawal,
in
their derivatives,
...^^
and
out-
and
work
..^V--,
compounds
in the
worm
of with, as
..qt
hold.
awkward
or
y,
or the joined
Hence we write
used.
<^
Wednesday,
164.
(a)
joined to
Euston,
The
....^. yule,
>
y-(.....
Walmsley,
^_^
wig,
,^1^
.'>-;v^^
The
^^
water,
(^. yield,
-'-^
.../...
as in
unit,
cc^X'
<i^....
yearn.
w6 may be
..j
walk,
wampum.
right semicircle
is
also prefixed
as an abbreviation for w;
....>-r=
<^.
!T^v-^
(b)
weep,
c^^^C^
thus,
...
to
142
(c)
downward
I,
as
The
...(2^
wi;
for
is
always read
.../^
....3__
first,
cannot be employed
prefixed to
thus,
Wilson.
11165
left semicircle is
an abbreviation
165.
diphthongs.
woke and
compare
(/>.....
...
a-i_
awoke.
Exercise 84.
2.
4.
7.
L^.....\^....\/C...4
\5....^....s^
^ ^
r:^
.<3-..:)^
<:C^.
.^ ....b....i^..^......ij?.^
^.... Ao.....
r^:..
...r...:.../c:l.J
::>
9.
c/.
^
...'..(
^
^~^.
i^^-rf
X....
1..
1[165
/c:
\...^
11.
..^....^
X
r\
AND
DIPHTHONGS.
L..n..>:
r^
.:....^c:...
:^.i3^...v-^---3^
:::
L_^
^-^
sc^..^o..:r:^....:^ J....rv...,z.
....:
:^....^
.1
Y\...S
x^... <^
....f::...z^....;u x
......cL-^.j. ^.....\^
^..L..r:i..,
12. \,^..,
L^..^.
c....z:^^
..rv.
143
^^:^--^^^^^-<y^----^
v"
Exercise 85.
4.
5.
Emu,
1.
2.
3.
6. Water-lily,
Philadelphia, Wigan.
7.
yam, Una.
::
144
diphthongs.
If
165
Exercise 86.
Messrs. Cromwell
&
Warbeck,
Williamsburg.
Dear-Sirs
We-thank-you
or-your-letter
week and
o/-last
We
hope
that-
the
may
to-do
cease
of-itself.
all-lhat-we-can
siop-ihe
nuisance
in-question..
Exercise 87.
Messrs.
Wakeman &
Bridgewater.
Dear-Sirs
TFe-are-pleased
to
know
that-you
do-not-think
Walmsley, our
New York
Fortunately
the piece.
FoMrs-tnily,
If
165
diphthongs.
145
Summary.
1.
2.
The
semicircle
it is
3.
The
^.^;
4.
right semicircle
^
to
is
and the
downward
When
may be
/ --^ ^-^
,^^
awkward
outline.
left semicircle in
for
to
wo
to
^_^
I.
a vowel precedes
H 166-167
PREFIXES.
146
CHAPTER
XXIX.
PREFIXES.
Most
166.
of the prefixes
and
Enghsh
suffixes in the
167.
(a)
The
prefix
initially is
commencement
bine,
"r^...
congratulate,
of
or
two
-^S/T..
compel,
by the dot
conform.
.\^^.
common
;
com-
thus, ..^
thus,
spelling,
.'
com-
...
writing
the
prefixes
fully:
(b)
Medial cmn-,
or in a phrase,
may
recognise,
am
content.
Jj-
...J...
p^O
commotion,
consul,
connote.
word
i-^o
uncontrolled,
coin-,
etc.;
thus,
...
..^
a^:\yo, circumference,
in-
/j?..
t 168-171
PREFIXES.
logogram, but
when
.../^.^
may
it
this is written
but
confirmation;
the
-N/T..
_D
(c)
Accom-
upward;
should commence,
and
.\
i.
is
represented by
joined, or joined
inter/ere,
...tn
disjoined ^^
tize,
thus, i
viagne-,
is
k,
company
joined or disjoined;
accompany/.
expressed by \^ nt dis-
or magni-
thus,
may
transfer,
L_$!^
171.
.-...\^^.
introspect,
.^T^s^
m;
sometimes the
scend,
the
on
is
secured;
thus,
....J"
entertoin, .3--^
is
expressed by a
I.
magnammiY?/,
...L.
magne-
magni/y.
Trans-
170.
of
V,,,^.
introdwce.
Magna-,
169.
state
interZoc/c,
y.C
is confident,
a case of compulsion.
168.
and confirmed,
thus, .V^...
...S-.
b accommodation,
thus,
147
(a)
...ck
full
outhne
is
but
transept.
Self-
is
represented
by a
disjoined circle s
written close to the following stroke in the second vowelplace; thus, ..L^ seli-defence,
(b)
circle
Self-con- or self-corns
is
...-^
self-mode.
indicated
by a
disjoined
lT. self-con<roZ,
..."tS*?^^
self-comj^Zacenc?/.
thus,
148
PREFIXES.
If
172-173
cT^
\ 1 o
(o) In- before the circled strokes
expressed by a small hook wTitten in the same direc-
172.
is
...U'
mscriber,
.y....N
as in
inspira-
!?:si
inhabit.
/sC!^'..
used in negative
not.
In
such cases in- must be written with the stroke n,
(b)
words, that
all
thus,
mstrument,
is,
in
words where
<\\
in-
would mean
inhospitable;
human,
..../rS
inhuman.
173.
the prefix
im, in,
il,
ir,
eithei
By
required:
is
writing the
^^.. resolute,
sistible; /{T-JS.
(b)
By
noxious,
necessary;
.-/J*
limitable,
r or
when
....l..xJ\
radiance,
...-
irre-
hi- illimitable,
I,
m, w or
in cases
where a
thus,
innoxious;
/V-^..
thus,
^..... resistible,
the rules
..-^.. irresolute,
repeating the
distinction
legal, /CI.
downward
I
-~S>^..
redeemable,
vyi- irradiance.
necessary,
v^U~^....
id"!^.
oX
'..
-^L-^jy^:
un-
irredeemable;
149
11174
174.
prefixes;
almost,
thus,
may be
understond,
....>j?
^y.
used as
under-
Exercise 88.
9-^
...J
constilutional-ly;
inscription;
1.
2-
....L
i-
inscribe-d;
selfish-ness;
instruction;
.^J^.'Xo.
^-^
-y...
.-:^i^
.....L
instructive.
-.
...
.'^
...
-k
....en-
..
.^.
,,-^...x<:^...Lt^....<^fT:\.3^....:
.:r^-
4.
^-
t;^-.-^-^
^w- - --^
x^
8.-<.....^..v-->...:
io.^...k_...^>..r:.
."i'...^.^i^...\|
....
rx
^^- 1 -^- ^
/Cr:
crr--L^....'^
<:
....n-.....^....\.
-J.(.
150
11.
H 174
PREFIXES.
^.:.
.:^.....cr^^.!v--
-\ ....^..-o._...^,
iy^....C--r^...:::r......rx..s..:)
12. ^....
A^q^
.<5^
.\
.\....!yS
^....^
n.
....!f
\....^^^ X
fe
N^.:
...I
J-....
^.
^,
L.A^^.er:....i
f:.....c:p]
>
^-
)<r^^
L^...
>
....K...>
^....
<?p/r...'i!^
L. ...i-.t...5^
14. ....r:^......T...l..J....,-^V5.
/V-'V^
.\_,....1..L^..:.^
'^'^'
Exercise 89.
1.
2.
4.
conscientious, contango.
Commissioners, incomplete, recognized, uncongenial,
reconsider, incumbent.
TFe-were compelled, accompanying, accomplices, in-
5.
Magnificent,
8.
magnificence,
transmission,
translated, transmitter.
6. Self-possession, self-congratulation, instructor, inherent,
inhumanly, insuperable.
7. Illiberal,
irreparable,
reclaimable,
wndersell, Iradevaaxk..
irreclaimable,
urwierstood,
1[
PREFIXES.
174
151
Exercise 90.
1.
stand
their
any-way.
2.
3.
deed,
w/iic/i-is-necessary
transactions,
is
4.
sealed
for
certain
classes
instrument in
delivered, containing
of-
writing,
some trans-
bargain, or contract.
A common
recommended
that-the signa-
person of position,
as
to-
Such a deed
stock;
is
registers
management
6.
When
to
inscribe
banks having-the
of-ihe stock.
seller.
152
PREFIXES.
If
174
Summary.
i.
com- or con-
Initial
by a
expressed
is
dot;
medial
word or in a
the form immeThis method ia
phrase,
indicated
is
diately following
is
a*^ter
etc.
a dot logogram,
dash
2. Enter-,
joined
3.
Magna-e-i
4.
Trans-
5. Self-
disjoining
but it may
logograms written upward.
indicated by a joined or disjoined k.
not employed
be used after
Accom^
by
the com-,
by a
disjoined or
nt.
expressed
is
may
by a
disjoined m.
n.
is
or self-com-
by a
the position of
circle in
con dot.
6.
In- before
<f^
is
expressed
The
prefixes
ward
or
it-,
r,
or
ir-
are represented
by repeating the
by a small hook,
in-.
by writing downor
r.
the
8.
or n.
prefixes.
The prefixes
by repeating
t 175
153
CHAPTER XXX.
SUFFIXES AND TERMINATIONS.
The
175.
of
awkward
.\'
/tearing,
is
be
would
suffix
-ing.
...
tying,
1 ....
etching,
downward
Inoemg, .Z^
n...
sipluttering;
..
(b)
after
^-
an upstroke
coughing,
o^...
hooked;
finally
..^b.
v,
prancing,
weaning;
...^-n~>
(d)
as
(c)
as
joining
written:
is
as -S. paj/ing,
and
cannot
stroke
this
(a)
...
-ing
written, an
if
a light dot
result,
The dot
is
Where
-ing.
r,
stroke
resentation
..V^ fidgeting,
brooding,
...r-^,
matting,
..V
fielding,
muttering;
and other
(that
one that
is,
reinetnbering,
-^
all
is
...
employed
Vv'ords
in
coming,
...\..
thanking,
contracted.
(c)
The dot
the stroke ng
but
written in -ingly;
[pJ^.. admiringly;
servingly.
Jri^..
thus,
deserving,
therefore
l;-^- admiring,
but
J'!^^^ de-
154
Wherever
(/)
dngs
-ing
indicated
is
by a dash;
by
are expressed
thus, ../
mndings,
o^..
Terminations such as
176.
-elty,
-alily,
Z!2Sy
etchings,
/?:.
-ility,
rmsings.
-arity,
-ority,
^ 176-181
formality, .>v<\^
n-^^^^
'....^
majority.
../-
The terminations
177.
disjoined
o/
thus,
j;
-logical-ly
by a
are expressed
fi'enealogical-ly,
....
1/
mytho-
logical-ly.
The
178.
mnt;
suffix
-ment
is,
by
as a rule, expressed
U- sentiment,
thus,
-:>
agrreement.
'^
If this
^ may
be used;
commencement,
179.
Ni_^
thus,
../}s>-^
The endings
-mental,
The
di.sjoined;
is
...T--=
181.
The
...rrj scAoZarship,
mnt;
thus,
...^
expressed by
is
J. ....
deeply, .\p
suffix -ship is
sh;
and -mentality
-mentally,
'-=>
employed; thus,
joined
..:^.^s^
...ki.^
funda-
insirumental-ly-ity.
suffix -ly
thus,
mprisonment,
thus,
-lAj
-.-^'
I,
joined or
or the hook
-positively.
Zeodership.
...Q. citizenship,
^ 182-184
182.
(a)
-0
ness,
The termination
Vo
disjoined
\^^^..
careful-
-lousness
are ex-
gracefulness.
The terminations
(b)
pressed by a disjoined
6^ \jC^. /hopelessness,
and
-lessness
Is;
V^.. sedulousness.
may
183.
by a
-fulness is expressed
>^W"- usefulness, c
thus,
fs;
155
thus,
Duffixes;
r......
^-i^.
landlord,
be used as
unimportant,
-L.
indifferent.
Compound
184.
etc.,
words,
which
in
here,
where,
there,
Here:
S\^^ herem,
..7^
.7^....
in/ore.
There:
...
with, .
Where:
thereat,
therein,
C<^^. ^herevyiih,
Much:
Soever:
C^.
...
..sjj
whosoever,
ui/iosoever,
/...
J....
thereof,
<1^...
-^-
6<^^.'.^^.
there-
whereo/,
whereon.
furthermost.
/orasmuch.
J...
J....
therefor.
whereto,
wherein,
furthermore,
inasmuch,
../-..
.v....
thereto,
thereon,
(y^..
...-^><......
...L.
...J
whereat,
0...]
Further:
.../
ly/toCsoever.
156
11184
Exercise 91.
1.
S..K..:x...::i...A.
2.
/V......C
...l-^J...^...^
--C
.f^J.
^^^ h
8.
a
10.
11.
x^
f
O O
-A /
i;^...:i7^
<v.^
- r^^
X:-^
<--
N^^^
L..^....k^.V...^.^
K...V:-f.....^So....^o
.X'- W-
^r^r:^.
^....J-
V-
^....i^
Exercise 92.
1-
K-^1
r\
t-\-
3.
X^.-^Nv-^-.-^w.....^
4.
v::...>^.C...L:^....rY.
(:.
^^.....>f-....Y-
.T-,....\
yy
6.
<5^....rf<]^
7.
e..
=V^....^^
/^
-O!-....:::^,
H 184
157
Exercise 93.
1.
Sapping,
teaching,
tying,
fearing,
webbing,
wading,
concerning.
3.
Pleating,
obtruding,
permitting,
scaffolding,
flitting,
etymological,
C/iairmanship,
clerkship,
credulousness,
playfulness,
whereunto.
Exercise 94.
1.
2.
o/-recent
labor outlook
crushing
is greatly
operations,
and,
as-the
3.
Any
recklessness, as-it
the directorship
now
seemed
but-
were misled.
4.
158
Exercise 95
Containing
all
^ 184
Revisionary.
inclusive.
1.
The members of-our society meet again in March forihe third time this quarter to consider-</ie matter of
2.
The
constitutional changes.
vitality o/-</ie-society is wonderful considering-i/ie
formulated
by-its founders,
construction
in-the
o/-rules
for
similar
to-ours.
3.
4.
Highly
was-the
rejoinder
to-this
by
our
5.
for-the
circulation
new
7.
advantage.
member^
8. ll-is
are so impulsive,
f 184
159
Summary.
the stroke ^w does not join easily and after
a contracted logogram, -irig is represented by a
1.
When
2.
Terminations such as
dot; -ings
pressed
and
by a dash;
by
-ingly
-ality,
-ority,
-ility,
are ex-
imme-
ment
is
represented
expressed
by
by a
nt
disjoined
where
j.
join easily.
5. -mental-ly-ity
6. -ly is
-ship
by a
is
is
by a joined
mnt^
or the
or disjoined sh.
Vo
expressed by a disjoined
I,
-rs
employed.
expressed
8. -fulness is
10.
disjoined
hook
7.
are expressed
Compound words
fs;
-lessness
Is.
as suffixes.
outlines.
in
CONTRACTIONS.
160
CHAPTER
*i
185-186
XXXI.
CONTRACTIONS.
185. In addition to the words represented by logograms, other words, mostly of frequent occurrence, may
be contracted in accordance with the rules set out in
the present and subsequent chapters. These contractions are divided into
two
classes,
Special.
(1)
omitted between
when no vowel
sh,
..
is
....U-s
trumpet,
and
occurs after p;
exem(p)tion.
^,5^
.--J
The p
impish,
is
t,
or between
?ra
and
retained
because
in
words
vowel
like
imme-
(2)
ng and
...-(^
In
A;
or
sh,
adjun{c)t,
.1^^;^
or g
is
is
trinket,
extm{c)tion,
t,
or between
after k or g;
i-.^<_^
thus,
lan{g)uishinq
The k
c/^rrZT.
is
(3)
thus,
^.._
celes{t)ial,
The
written, however,
is
...CTT
as in
it,
.\3....
where
The omission
drastic.
phraseograms, as
be,
thanks,
bes{t)
187.
The
although
as
some
price,
.Np....v
list
of
circle
.^
and a
subs{t)itute,
its
......
it
omission might
is
equally easy
elastic, ...a
mystic,
lowes{t)
i^TlSo
plastic, L
inked,
,.^V^ pos{t)man.
>w<rnr..
linked.
C.
is
following stroke;
....rt"
161
CONTKACTIONS.
^ 187
~^/-o
your
las{t)
letter,
.^^o
bes{t) finish.
fairly copious, is
have been
purposely omitted.
Though
which
come
tion.
it is
follows,
CONTRACTIONS.
162
If
187
Section
I.
Omission of P.
Pumped
camped
prompt
cramped
plumped
gumption
presumptive
exempt
presumptuous
exemption
thumped
presumption
..:V:.^
pre-emption
..:K....
bumped
tempt
u....
.a...
tempter
tempted
swamped
->o\.
limped
-XK
tramped
...L...
damped
....A...
jumped
resumptive
.zr:^..
or G.
precincts
Punctual
punctuate
punctuality
....X^^ puncture
.
-N3>J^,
.,..
resumption
humped
Omission of
-\_?
redemption
romped
contemptible
consumptive
stamped
temptation
contempt
assumption
consumption
l^
.1^
tincture
....
(Hi
strongest
distinct
compunction
\^
distinction
perfunctory
.L>]....
defunct
If
163
CONTRACTIONS.
187
sanctify
adjunct
^..Oi-
sanctuary
conjunction
.
extinct
9-;?
sanction
extinction
.^^....
anxious
q-Lq>
3^
succinct
-..M
function
.....^
..^.
sanctity
anxiety
anguish
languish
Omission of T.
-
Pessimistic
optimistic
-I
destitute
domestic
--X>
postage
adjustment
-^
postage stamps
mostly
postcard
mistake*
postpone
postscript
-.
mistaken*
manifestly
post-free
honestly
procrastination
institute
bombastic
lastly
substitute
Hstlesa
..5^
blast-furnace
celestial
.7..A"...!
tasteful
restless
testament
waste-book
testimony-
wasteful
testimonial
waste-pipe
<fc> .^-..
fc...(J7<
westward
..X<^^'" trustworthy
waistcoat
text-book
1
the
line
because this
is
the position
'Of
164
CONTRACTIONS.
11187
Exercise 96.
..-4:....^!^.....
x^..:r:::^..
-)
^...<^.
i^..
."^....^
>
:].
^-^^---^^^^---j-,
3.
..\^....>f
l...\^..
i\.-C
L_.
L--^
l5-y:....\|....\
^^-^..
s-^-^ ^-^-^-
:(Tn,
^^
4.
nr-
^^.....( ...).....!V^....^.r:r:\^..v
r-^-
oZ-\
^^
1.
^.^^
.:t^...N...:c..:
.).....Cr^.A
Ax::^
:....]
vx:
.TV
.)^i
..^.:::4>.j....;x^r:...:
..<^..
X:
>....c..vi.....^..:r:....N^...i...^....z3
CONTRACTIONS.
^ 187
165
Exercise 97.
Mr. Arthur Wilson,
Great Barrington,
Mass.
Dear-Sir:
Your postcard
our hest-thanks.
so prosperous,
is
to
hand
this
We-are-p\eased
not
to
it-
will-be
they so
promptly purchased
the
the
Yours-very-truly,
Thomas Weston.
Exercise 98.
Messrs. Jameson
&
Wiles,
21 Nassau Street,
New York.
Gentlemen,
/-am anxious
during-the
ulars at
an early date.
Fowrs-truly,
WilUam Hoxton.
CONTRACTIONS.
166
^ 188
188.
omission of:
Medial
(1)
U>
as in
A^,
....L
da{n)ger,
ide{n)tical;
...^
Medial
(2)
The
(3)
R,
as
\o
manusc{r)ipt,
in
...
l-^
demonst{r)ate,
..Orf^ZX
thencefo{r)ward;
syllable
as
-ed,
in
.'\<^...
prosp{ect),
/^^
inspiect);
(4)
and
and
ceding stroke;
hook
thus, .^i
In a few cases
it is
attractive,
...I
(5)
endings,
stroke;
-uctive,
-/So
respe{ct)we.
.k.
...U:S
effective,
...Z_.
in
-ective,
abstra{ct)ive,
executive;
defec{t)ive,
in
elective;
-uction,
and similar
..^
some
cases
_..L_,
attraction,
it
is
ahstra{c)tion,
...J
destru{c)lion.
In
167
CONTRACTIONS.
11188
Omission of N.
->
Passenger
:\
contingency
disappointment
abandonment
stranger
V^
bondsman
stringency
v:>f...
bondservant
....)U
danger
...U
attainment
..L
dangerous
..
..<3_.....
identical
L....
X_^
emergency
.^.
}^
contentment
dethronement
assignment
messenger
entertainment
ironmonger
enUghtenment
appointment
oneself
Omission of
administrate
minstrel
administration
monstrous
administrative
monstrosity
demonstrate
manuscript
...L-^
demonstration
remonstrate
Co
thenceforward
remonstrant
U>.1j
.....a.
mmistry
remonstrance
ministration
henceforward
CONTRACTIONS.
168
Omission of
^-
Project-ed
^^^^^
-/\
object-ed
.-^rrCTiA...
inspect-ed-ion
respect-ed
expect-ed
disrespect
unexpected
respectful
^.
suspect-ed
o's^
imperfect-ion
-^
prospect
11188
disrespectful
unsuspected
architect-ure-al
retrospect
Omission of
kt before -ive.
:vCsi..-
Perspective
.-
--N-
prospective
/^
-N
productive
'^N
--\
abstractive
'"V
obstructive
-\
reproductive
--
/\^
\^.
respectively
.-
irrespectively
/A^
retrospective
objective
retrospectively
destructive
Omission of
X..
irrespective
....TX^....
-(|
destructively
respective
before shun.
Production
objectionable
reproduction
destruction
jurisdiction
,..!\|
abstraction
..'^>n
obstruction
..ITL
introduction
...\
objection
y^
retrospection
c/
CONTRACTIONS.
^ 188
169
Exercise 99.
p.
.^
.(r....a;^ ...L...::^
^
yi
\-^-^\
....^.
^^<-^-^
u,
y\
.:'....l
.........
.'\...:).....r::::^ ...:r:..
3.
..r^.
f^....
...:u
rX .:^.....v ..A
...\^....k^....
...i..::::^:^
l^
..y..:r.
A...
...
y'....^., .:r:^
.:...:n^.
z...z\...Z...r.....v......i
i../r^:.
{-^
::....:r:....i^:
\..r:
...
(....^
oL^...'N^..^....
\-^...a
./....I
..^..
...:,....C7........\
'
:v
.^...:
./L^x
L..x....v|
a-LD ...^
^-
.N
A.
".^.._...A...t..r.....^...l.l,
CONTRACTIONS.
170
H 188
Exercise 100.
[Contractions,
as well as logogi'ams,
are printed in
itaUc]
1.
m-history
to-the
stranger
and
also to-
2.
3.
7n-times past the care of-these was in-the hands ofprivate persons w-many-cases, and, despite the
remonstrances of architectural experts, fhey-were
sometimes allowed to decay, and-even to-become a
source of danger.
4.
Now,
monuments
are protected
6.
Once
assumed
To advise and
Ancient
assist
in-this-respect
Monuments
inc\ude-the
inspection
monument is
damage and destruction.
control, a
6.
is
Monuments
an Inspector
appointed
whose
of
duties
of-the
CONTRACTIONS.
^ 188
171
Summary.
1.
2-
To form
omitted, as follows:
(o)
(6)
k
(c)
is
T between
stroke or hook,
(e)
hook.
(/)
The
(g)
syllable
and
(Ji)
-ect.
etc.,
the
k,
it is
some
necessary to retain
cases
it is
-ection,
etc.,
but in
172
^ 189-192
CHAPTER XXXn.^
PUNCTUATION, FIGURES, ETC.
The Period
189.
represented
is
by a small
cross,
thus x; the Comma, Colon, and Semicolon are represented by the usual marks. The Hyphen is written
the
iC^-X__, well-spoken;
thus,
Dash
thus,
Note of Interrogation
190.
191.
arose',
Emphasis
underneath;
is
marked by drawing
,
to distinguish
Nominal Stroke.
desired,
.1^
thus,
renew'.
o'^e
more
or
it
from
be used to indicate
to be taken humorously,
be made wave-like,
192.
zC3.
thus i
In shorthand
i.
^"^
ar'rows,
lines
may
is
close to the
L.
better represented
is
The
The
^y.
thus,
as^
..
.(
k.
in all
/. E. Smith.
forms having no
specific values,
by
using
J,
as
^> -f ii,
00.
H 193-194
Proper Names.
193.
In
cases where
173
it
necessary
is
.^
Myatt,
."5]
When
the diph-
''
thong /
is
may
sign for 7
vowel-sign;
thus,
.!^ O'Brien,
Ohio.
..7^.
Similarly,
if
it is
and
/^
but
-(___./
Louise, -^-Iv
The
radii.
found to
arise
but
seldom.
194.
(a)
Scotch,
AND yowELS.
The
....
....o_c-9-
Clogher.
ch,
/^-^
as in (('___ loch,
The Welsh
II
by
II;
thus,
Llan.
(b)
guttural ch
dach;
is
written thus,
French nasal
--^,
c-x?.
The German
as in .-^a^ soupgon;
jeune,
I"
Goethe,
....I,
French
dH.
^ 195-196
174
Figures one to
195.
and the
seven,
hundredth,
or
thousandth, as in 3
400;
3,000;
in
hundred
as
million,
principal
200, 6
400
or
in
6,000,
/^
fr.;
700,000,000;
four
billion.
as in 15
..L. dollars,
thousand
hundred thousand, as
The
in 4 400,000;
^__^_^
as
$15,000;
C,
"^
pounds, as in
5,000,000;
rupees, as in
A/
francs, as in
Rs. 2,000,000.
thus,
....
..^..Zkt
S.....Q...
By
this
danger of ambiguity.
196.
long,
are
The form
.....I
minute, but
is
minute
is
than
.1
1 197
strokes in
strokes in
(.....
mental take as
L..
mental,
much time
and merely
175
as the four
result in illegibility.
Shaep Angles, and Forward Motion are the characterthe ideal outline; therefore, so far as possible,
obtuse angles, and curves running in opposite directions
istics of
should be avoided.
this,
For instance,
...J
be joined,
197.
this,
....t>
may
and
from,
Method of
Practice.
is
choosing outlines.
The
student,
having
opportunity of practising writing. As much time, howbe spent in reading as in writing Phonography. Printed Phonography is better for this purpose than manuscript. One or two shorthand volumes
should be read before a rapid style of writing is cultiever, should
model.
Then
SO'
176
1[
197
way
a considerable knowledge of outlines and phraseowill be obtained, and the student will receive
simultaneously valuable training in the reading of shorthand.
grams
WRITING MATERIALS.
^ 198
177
CHAPTER XXXin.
WRITING MATERIALS, NOTE-TAKING
AND TRANSCRIPTION.
The importance
198.
note-taking
period.
But, as
a pen
is
it
The
"
WRITING MATERIALS.
178
and
*,
199
Difficulty
perienced
in
turning
loss
over
of
the
by the
moment,
leaf
will
and
it
is
to these objects
outlines.
He
fl
200-201
179
pursued
concurrently
advanced style
as
with
the
hereafter
careful
developed,
study
of
the
rules
the
of
After a
short
may
student
reporting
when
there
is
with vowels
202.
should
public
himself
of
vocahzing
may be
The reading
vanced style
avail
speakers,
is
opportunities
but
little
of
even
ability to dispense
cultivated.
of
and
WRITING MATERIALS.
180
1[
202-203
The student
times,
the word
To a
203.
himself as to his
is
for periods
of
five
minutes,
ii
204
181
If
several outlines are
afterwards at your leisure.
wrongly written, reduce the speed. The policy of hastening slowly was never more justified than it is in learning
to take a note.
204.
At first, attention must be concentrated upon
the outlines, but imperceptibly the writing will become
instinctive by practice, which to be of value must be
WRITING MATERIALS.
182
^ 205
is distinctly bad.
The immediate cause
mental stress, partly induced by anxiety lest a word
should be omitted. It is largely due to concentration
upon the wrong thing, which is worse than not concentrating at all.
It is obviously preferable to omit a few
outlines rather than to risk the legibility of many.
If
the possibility of an occasional omission is not a source
a high speed
is
and
of fear,
at
all
if
there
events,
is
best chance is
something important has been left out, confidence must
be maintained, or the rest of the note will suffer. Attention should be concentrated upon the work in hand,
which is to write down as many words as possible correctly and legibly.
As the recollection of something
omitted interferes with this, the omission must be
ignored.
necessary even
is
owing to looseness
of
clear,
Any
t 206-207
this
be the case
1S3
in writing
shorthand.
207.
Periods should be written if time permits, also
dashes to indicate where the speaker drops the principal
sentence and goes off at a tangent, and where he resumes
it,
if
ever.
The commas
and end of a
shown by a short
instance being where the noun and
at the beginning
great assistance
in
it
is
184
WRITING MATERIALS.
If
208
is
to exercise
application of
Phonography
to
technical matters,
and
^ 208
185
Summary.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Practice
8.
Endeavor to follow the trend of the speaker's remarks, and the grammatical construction of the
is
sentences.
VOWEL
186
^ 209-211
INDICATION.
CHAPTER
XXXIV.
VOWEL INDICATION.
In the chapter on upward and downward
209.
it
is
r,
the ahernative forms for the representation of a consonant or group of consonants is to indicate a vowel
or the absence of a vowel.
The following paragraphs
deal fully with the principle of Vowel Indication.
210.
By vowel
indication
is
of
an outhne
in
The
(1)
stroke
is
vowel;
awake,
_\ -
is
an
necessary in
thus,
all
/^. assail,
r daisy,
bevy,
initial
..Jd^..
f~^
.\s,
necessary in
ahem,
)^....
photo,
all
.X, pasty,
Idaho,
is
vowel;
is
final
...:<^
awhile, (AZ^^
vestry,
^X^. penny,
k^
feathery.
1[
VOWEL
212
The employment
(2)
187
INDICATION.
of alternative
forms for
may
^.-
ray;
Z^
.L^
alike,
Q.
<^......
story;
tl.
store,
like;
.Sj^ fell,
.^s^..
.Vu/5..
thus,
jpear,
fellow;
r or
...r\
air,
.X/. perry;
<^.....
yell,
yellow.
the vowels,
He
has already accustomed himseK to the omisand a Uttle further practice will enable him to write and read unvocalized
forms with ease.
such.
signification,
position-writing.
Position-writing
may
be defined as the
a vowel or
ah;
in the
.../...
word
is
is
on the
a;
..!.. is
through the
is
e.
There
because
The
positions are
position,
and
named
third
position;
the
first
VOWEL
188
1|
213
line,
thus,
line;
1,
...L. 2,
...I...
by
or
INDICATION.
writing
upward
by
indication of vowels
3,
With a combination
j...
of
by
or
downward
position,
it is
213.
all
cases
legible.
it
is
if more than
word that decides
examples
or the
first
the
downstroke
first
taking
upstroke
or
correct
its
position.
L_
talk,
^^.. harrow,
cH... rack,
folly,
i.e.,
<^.....
above the
\. cap,
line;
carry,
rrrr/...
J___.
thus,
tap,
write,
.<1.1
Nile, .^..
Sd....
file,
C!..... loll.
....I
take,
\Z'-
berry,
i.e.,
7Z\
on the
cape,
ZZT.
SJ^.
fellow,
C......
lull.
line;
curry,
--A
nail,
wrote^
.->>
fail,
VOWEL
^ 213
When
(c)
189
INDICATION.
in
thus,
[-
cowrxe
ie,
kneel,
.L
tip,
There
(d)
took,
^v-ZT. filly,
is
.^^.
yC^.. rick,
,/\ root,
--V^- feel,
i.e.,
.^.....
weir,
y/.
leal.
in
sunk,
...a^-
sink;
mate,
-^^ meet;
milt;
^^
netted,
ruake, ^-n
-J...
^!r:1
i.e.,
...^
taint,
on the
mother,
knitted;
meek;
^-
....-'
colt,
...8-/
^>
meter;
tinned;
...a...
thus,
line;
^-. kilt;
...^s
cook.
coke,
(e)
and
-\.-
\"-
compatible,
ratify,
-oa^
.-X^ splintered;
certify;
L.
potable,
..r>.
lightly,
computable;
pandered,
C..
lately,
.J^
C...
thus,
.^..
tendered,
little.
VOWEL
190
same
in
are derived;
thus, _-c
youthful;
./...
commence
214.
the
^ 214-216
INDICATION.
out,
...L
outbreak,
-L. youth
under,
take
three
undertake.
215.
Double-length
(a)
upstrokes
posi-
word;
thus,
wander,
......
cy^
L.
letter,
litter;
.ZT.....
(6)
tion
latter,
/.
only,
!^\.
tender,
216.
printer,
..
thunder,
...L
filter,
through the
i.e.,
...A.,
thus,
line;
.L
father,
asunder,
/.
.\^^^..
-ponder,
.E^.
floater,
shatter,
^i^.
.L
sorter.
vocalized
some
to
extent.
The
following
directions,
final
be inserted;
area,
(6)
.7?^..
era.
An
outline
withstanding that
diphthong-sign;
!7Zh institute,
has an
thus,
initially or a finally
/_. Isaac,
future,
..lo.
ague,
joined
.yCr::^.
renew.
1[
VOWEL
216
INDICATION.
191
-/X
irritable,
jelly,
K^l. gilly;
thus,
.\^ aroma;
.<d7. oracle,
S^.
aright,
.^..i
billow,
..../I
erode,
iZ.. jolly,
.L:Z
.^^.. early.
(d)
(1)
Where words
similar outhnes
of
speech have
Where an
is
the quickest
way
of
making the
outline
legible.
(e)
It
(1)
(2)
is
is
is
unknown;
and
is
not as helpful
as in other cases.
The
following
lists
common
words
in
VOWEL
192
(1)
Insertion of
apposite
'
apathetic
approximate
"
absolute
abstraction
INDICATION.
an
initial vowel.
-N'
proximate
-....:V....
-\
ai^ditor
daughter
--]
cross
^--
afar
-^^-
affect
CA
effaced
emotion
y^
altitude
faced
motion
latitude
adopt
-1_
extract
extricate
commissionaire
commissioner
exalt
exult
VA.
voluble
lost
layman
sulphite
valuable
-
innovation
amazing
-'-
far
|- effect
adapt
.^L.
obsolete
obstruction
^^^ except
accept
(2)
opposite
-..
pathetic
across
I
11216
'
am?<sing
invasion
last
laymen
sulphate
VOWEL
11216
(3)
INDICATION.
->:--
^^
-A
-.->>
...
..."rrrrrrr^
<3_^
-_,-r^syr^....
>1_
....
chill
-K-
1^..... chill?/
JrTTT..
193
monarchy
.\T7r
monarch
amicable/
.>
amicable
monkey
^.TT-..
monk
manly
..L
enemy
^--
anomaly
t:/
animal
snow
-^.
sun
manual
..
name
../tA^.. hberal
liberally
radically
irr
radical
Exercise 101.
^-o...>..^
i....Lr::....\...^>c....^...\^..L..y
...L:....?:7^/C...v:^...;.... ix
:r:....:....ix':
n....o
r^.
^..^yK..
L.^....^
kl.x
\A
<
...'^:xz::!.;.:::
c...i...<^....y.i>
^....,...n
..\i:
...:::r::
\
\
f-
>
VOWEL
194
.\.\...^.Z\:
.:d....w::x
...^....
INDICATION.
<^....<
...
kCx
.\ 3....r..^
x....^>^
-^
.:^
11216
L ..c:
^-^
.^....v...^v:.
c::::
^....
^...r:...A..\^:...<^x
/1....0...:
.if...
c.
^
..)
...
\^....^
I
^...A ..-
C... /....^..:
:....:\
r::::x^..\<,
c....\.
..^
-^ -\::z^-- ---^
L..^....::i...
.L.-^....!..
.^....\...._^...N.:....i,.x_.
->..
L^ r^
^....L^..
.r:^..-^..
rv
T^....^...<rVr..
v^.
..:::r:^..
1....^:...
./
/>
Exercise 102.
To
be written in position.
The vowels marked in italic
should be inserted. Marked in divisions of thirty words
each.
We
VOWEL
216
have some
INDICATION.
195
how
apposite
and honesty
of-others.
(500)
VOWEL
196
INDICATION.
If
216
Summary.
An
4.
5.
There
1.
2.
3.
initial
final
no third position
An
the
7.
8.
same
commences
in
by an
initial or
final stroke;
(c)
In pairs of
11
SPECIAL CONTKACTIONS.
217
197
CHAPTER XXXV.
SPECIAL CONTRACTIONS.
In the Special Contractions dealt with in this
the student is introduced to further methods
of contracting outlines.
The importance of having
such contractions is shown by the fact that in ordinarylanguage only a very limited number of woi'ds are used.
Of these words at least 60 to 70 per cent, are of frequent
217.
chapter,
and contractions
logues
point
essential
of
forming
in
gramma-
Pitman's
Shorthand.
An
contracted
outlines
to
is
With
this
end
in
By employing
(a)
the
full
r^Nv
outhne, as in
expediency,
,/...\
(6)
By medial
a^..
amalgamation.
(c)
By
something,
significant.
{d)
By
first
represent,
unanimity.
<iC^!^..
omission, as in
...J
."?!_.
satisfactory,
intelligence,
influential,
...cr^^o
using logograms, as in A
...1
of
advertisement,
henceforth.
sympathetic,
the
.^^... observation,
displeasure,
S>.
thankful,
remarkable,
....(5~^^
in-
rril notwithstanding.
7^
nevertheless,
SPECIAL CONTRACTIONS.
198
(e)
H 218
may
a distinction is necessary the adverb should be represented either by writing a joined or disjoined I, or by
writing the form for the adverb in
irregular,
...A__/L..
irregularly;
thus,
full;
..>p....
substantial,
used
after
....^
.So
substantially.
(/)
Dot
-ing
is
generally
guishing,
is
^\^.^^
.rr:::^^
astonishing,
relinquishing,
is
contractions.
crT^. dis-
and IJ^_,^
extin-
used.
218.
The lists of contractions which follow are
arranged according to the principles explained above,
and the student should memorize them. In order to
assist in the memorizing of the lists, the portion of a
word which is not represented in the contracted outline
is shown in parenthesis.
The student, therefore, should
pay special attention to the syllable or syllables not in
parenthesis, and by this means he will have a splendid
aid in the remembering of the contracted forms. Thus,
-\
pec
is
dignify-fied-ity,
for familiar-ity,
each
S>^..
Feb.
and so on.
for
The
February,
exercises
l_
.V.,/^^
dig
fam
which follow
199
SPECIAL CONTRACTIONS.
11218
Section
Special Contractions:
Pec(uliar-ity)
....N
...\y^
.....?:
iUty)
perf(orm-ed)
platf(orm)
^;^.
(an)ce
-^v/V-^... perf (or)mer
....^v^
applic(able|
perf(orm)s-
\^/V^
-\^
perp(endicular)
benev(olent-
-\^~
ence)
benig(nant-ity)
obscu(rity)
pub(lic)
"is^-
obser(vation)
.../^V
repub(lic)
subsc(ribe-d)
..../\^
repub(lica)n
-^
subsc(rip)tion
.\^-
pub(lish-ed)
sp
substan (tial)
vD.
vinsubstan(tial)
\^.....
pub(li)sher
.*V.^.. pub(lica)tioii
....!^N
prac(tice)
....!\_.... prac(tise-d)
..."N
trib(unal)
n
\r^.
defici(ent-cy)
-..^
sial)
...
democra(cy-tic)
...
depre(ciate-d)
...
depre(ciat)ory
....
descri(ption)
preiud(ice-d-ial)
^-^
preser(vation)
....diffic(ulty)
prob(able-ility)
improb(able-
dig(nify-ied-ity)
ility)
disch(arge-d)
profici(ent-cy)
prop(ortion-ed)
disprop(ortion)
....
[j_/
dissim(ilar)
distin(guish-ed)
adver(tise-d-
proper (tionate)
<i:::
dispropor(tionate)
ment)
(tion)
dilap(idate-d-
SPECIAL CONTRACTIONS.
200
U 218
Exercise 103.
..:....!v:C.^...)...^.....!r::
l_
.L..j....
\..V<.x
r:...\^...c::..:A^
,...:.. L
.. ,^...^...::7^....:...Li..(\....L
L.
L...
f...\
::jr:C:.....^...^...M.,
....
<r-
...
r..y^.,
k:o'..^...^...r:...v...;
..-u-^-^-<-
.v:z....L..:.. rzr...
^ -^
c.Z-A,..:r::\
.!>!
..\
^...<?....^^....c^^....o^Ao....^....j..,....^...<rv.-l\;-..^...A>
\_.i.)-:r:^i/\...c^..o...iZ:'..:r:
fj.
\^r:^.. k:....u ....:..!. <^,....:...!:> ..'^...r:^...rs...\.
201
SPECIAL CONTRACTIONS.
11218
Exercise 104.
In-the-preliminary announcement published on-Thursday the public were made aware of-the deficiency in-the
income of-the Benevolent Society which performs a good
work in a most practicable manner. The offices of-thesociety are situated in a building which-is a fine example
of perpendicular architecture, but it-is in a state of
dilapidation.
Lately there- has-been a controversy amongthe-members on-the prerogative of-the committee, and
many dissimilar views were expressed by democratic and
other members. As a tribunal the committee donot
always show a dignified and benignant attitude.
Among other observations, some of-which were depreciatory and somewhat hidden in obscurity, the chairman,
were many
a person oi-prejudiced views, said there
difficulties in-the way, but it-was-not at-all improbable that
our new patents would revive our trade in-the South
American Republics, as-they-were peculiarly
applicable
to-the wants of-its people.
Otherwise, to-seek-the preservation of-the concern when-the profits were so unsubstantial and so disproportionate to-the amount invested,
and when- the-price of-the stock was so depreciated waa
absurd, and-it-was inadvisable to carry on-the company.
|
202
SPECIAL CONTRACTIONS.
11218
The
engagement
impracticable.
(296)
If
218
Js/Ns
SPECIAL CONTRACTIONS.
203
philan(thro)p-ist
manuf(acture)r
aston(ish-ed-
math(ematical)
X_^
~"
ment)
esp(ecial)
esq(uire)
math(ematic)8
math(ema)tician
..
max(imum)
estab (lish-ed...v.
(see
'..,
viinimum in
Section
ment)
.immed(iate)
..
impreg(nable)
..
impertur-(bable)
...
mag(netic-ism)
....
manuf (acture-d)
.1
4.)
mechan(ical-ly)
melan(choly)
..
metrop(olitan)
misd(emean-or)
TT^.... inor(t)g(age)
Exercise 105.
^i
>.''
L...^..Uy
...cL.^^..,
^--^1.^
n
Ox
SPECIAL CONTRACTIONS.
204
l'....iz:^.
.Z\.... -^....L....k^...
".....rr^
;.....d...:A_
....::TTr-|
11218
.....N^-^... ^-5,
....x..\/V.
..lv..>...zv^x
b ...S-.....w_f::^r^...!N._r......::^
,r\
i::^.x
.:r'z::xi. ^,...^:.i:^..A....y^....^y...:>^
:..^....o...rr^,....c!>s_
^x
.c
r::;
v^.i.>^...u..-^...^-.i-a..i.k^...z.
.1^: ^/%,
.....
r..rl^...:>i^_:rk^
..:?^
...L
p-o^...P....\ ..v/'....Cl
n..i...y\l.x
...^....^L
..>....i..x
...::^e:..v...':^x
^
s.U/!...^....^....r:r:...:r;.^,i..^..;::.
I^..!> ..Z...^...\_,...cr:....::
/:Z^JJ}^.
SPECIAL CONTRACTIONS.
^ 218
205
Exercise 106.
At-the meeting of-the-directors to-day it-was stated
that-the rates of exchange in January and-February were
favorable to manufacturers in-this-country. Regardingthe-matter
of expediency, to discuss which-the meeting
was primarily called, it-was thought that-the plan suggested might prove very expensive and cause endless trouble
The chairman, John
in arranging the necessary mortgage.
Ogden, Esq., a commercial magnate, well-known for-his
philanthropy, is a very capable mathematician, and he
carries out all-his business with mathematical exactitude.
He-is hoping that-the mechanical efficiency of-the establishment may-be sufficient to-check any extravagance in expenNo-man is more familiar
diture during-the coming year.
to-the-members of- the-Exchange than he, and-his extemporaneous speeches at .social functions are extraordinary
for-their humor, while his imperturbable manner is a
characteristic which compels the admiration of all.
He
is possessed of-great personal magnetism, and-it-is due,
undoubtedly, to-his ability that-the company has an
almost impregnable position which-has astonished thosewho-are engaged in
a similar manufacture.
The new book of essays by a member of Congress
"A person ofcontains some very worthy sayings:
character is incapable of a mean action, and- is able-toj
SPECIAL CONTRACTIONS.
206
Special Contractions:
Antag(onist-ic-
"^
enthus(iast-ic-
ism)
11218
Section
3.
sing(ular)
....L.
elec(tric)
elec(tri)cal
ism)
incor(porated)
-S
indefat(igable)
--'
elec(tri)city
-'^-^
recov(erable)
independ (enceent)
^^-^
irrecov(erable)
-''^
ref (orm-ed)
indescrib(able)
.ref(or)mer
indig(nant-ion)
refer (mation)
"-
indiscrim (inate)
reg(ular)
"^
indispens(able)
. irreg(ular)
Individ (ual)
inf(orm-ed)
..
inf(or)mer
..^T^
insub (ordinate-
...:.
relin(quish-ed)
misrep (resent-
"^
/\
rep(resent-ed)
ed)
^ rep(resenta)-tion
.
ion)
....X...
interest
rep (resentat)-ive
:f....
interested
repug(nant-
disinterested-
w-
ance)
(ness)
resig (nation)
uninterest(ing)
respons(ible-
invest (ment)
.
ility)
irrespons(ible-
negl(ect-ed)
ility)
negl(ig)ence
^r:k_
aristo(cracy-tic)
nev(er)
organ (ize-d)
Nov (ember)
sensib(le-ility)
organ (iz-er;
SPECIAL CONTRACTIONS.
1^218
organ (i)zation
...o.^\^.
y^
..../t
^<?:rl..-
207
j unan(imity)
(
orthod(ox-y)
-
--"^^
unan(imous'
yest(erday)
certif(icate)
hencef(orth)
uni(form-ity)
Exercise 107.
4--^-^
i...r:...^:^.:...^...^..l.
s...
/...^....x..:..:.
z:^
\j\
rr:...
...u X
.....
^-^
i_p
- ^^'-^
% ...u,....c...^...^..rz...x..^\
i^...^.-...^.-.C_....^
..k:::^.z\...o...n...j. -...n:?.,..,
2:::^..
.^.. r....^.
(-^..l^^v^-.^..N^,
^-r
r..
A.-.A-^^,
z.
_ .^ :...!i^....\^^.
UW^--^^-^^-^^
i,-^^
^:....\...
....
...
..
cL .J
"-..:>
..:::::....s..x^ ..)...:^_
....L..x<:^.o...p..,..\...!
:r;^..."L^Nj
k ..i....l...^_^>c
jL
208
SPECIAL CONTRACTIONS,
\..,
/.... ^^^...<....::::!....(:
ty^
>....^^
'
X..
^-.1.
.../
'
VirN
...q
\...l/:^.o.-L^...N. 1-~3
.C_-^..X...o-Y-
}0-^.y1..^...a-^.../
^^
f--^^""^
yW^6 ,.-D
/cO^ >..:^...zz:.::f
.y\.X.
^ ^y
^-
11218
....
^Tre.
-I-Ji^
-^o"^
.\^-y....L
ii_\.:....l.....^.i:rr::-..::r::::....!>,..!....^x_
^218
SPECIAL CONTRACTIONS.
209
Exercise 108.
Great interest is manifested in-the electric apparatus atthe local exhibition, the iiidijutigable organizer of-\vhichvery enthusiastic in following-the development of
is
and
electricity
all electrical
appliances.
Our
Regular subscribers to-the institution showed repugnance to-the irregular practices, and many informed-ihe
Board that-they-would withdraw their support if-such
actions were allowed
irresponsible and indiscriminate
contrary to all-the orthodox teachings of-the past. Wefear that no disinterested person was-the informer in-thismatter, and-probably he represented the circumstances
The resignation
to-be more serious than they really are.
of-the secretary, however, will-be demanded, as-his attitude amounts to insubordination, and-this will cause-the
\
regret of
all, no matter what their sensibility may-be.
business of-the next Board meeting will-be far from
uninteresting, and an apparently irrecoverable position maybe turned to-the advantage of-the institution.
(334)
|
The
210
SPECIAL CONTRACTIONS.
Special Contractions:
Section
Parl(iament)
ary
...
tel(egraph)ic
tel(egr)am
...
satis (fa6t)ory
unsatis(fact)-
ory
._
4.
mar(coni)-
[arian
pros(p)ec(t)us
11218
gram
"
m(inim)um
...
symp(athet)ic
unsymp(athet)inves(tig)ation
o^
msu(ran)ce
'
adm(inistrat)or
know(l)edge
adm(inistra..../....
--
,.
tr)ix
do (c) trine
ment
ackiiow(l)edged
_ del(in)quent
in(con)siderate
.-k:^ _ del(in)que(ncy)
aoknow(l)edge
acknow(l)edg-
in(fluen)tial
ques(tion)ab(le)
unques(tion)-
unin(fluen)tial
ab(le)
.
int(elli)gence
deg(enera)tion
int(elli)gent
-
fals(ific)ation
int(elli)gible
-phon(ograph)ic
-
phon(ograph)er
veg(etar)ian
veg(etarian)-
ism
..
auspi(ci)ous
amal(ga)mation
,.
amal(ga)mate
^.-
En(gli)sh
-A
En(gli)shman
^^
~.Cl.
i)
Enrg)land
leg(islat)ive
leg(isla)ture
ar(bi)trate
If
SPECIAL CONTRACTIONS.
218
"N
-...^
....
....3i
....
211
ar(bi)trator
....
ar(bi)tration
...<<r!.X.
u(ni) versa!
ar(bi)trament
.<r...J..\
u(ni)versality
J~\_^^
ar(bi)trary
u(ni)vers(al)-
ism
wheresoev(er)
.Cy^..
...(^..^
..
whereinsoev(er)
whithersoev(er)
p.
-..(<>-.
.-
u(ni)versity
howsoev(er)
whensoev(er)
Exercise 109.
\ ..z,
.x^^,,,^^^^.::^....v.<--rr...^
1.1. "iS
..c^..
:...c
\^
^....^ ..I.L.:....^
..^....:rr...z.....N.
ZY]...<..:rr^,
^.....l...z.o....v^
.^.^...r^jC
.^^...^^..../^
^,
........cr^.....\..
....
\^..
/^...ll^S..
^..A.^.l-.^^.^..S..
...
^.r.
..
t-^^ kr<^..::^....u^...l
...
.17...-
..7...J...
SPECIAL CONTRACTIONS.
212
^-^- ^-...-..^
'^-'^-^.^A^
-^,
(T^^
i^...>...\:^
..
V2^...^..^r^. .."
.'.
^,..x.>..^.....
.~\...^r:T7....r:...:\
rzl.:rz:'..:L.:....(^,
1--U
Uo...:.....-^...::.^..^....V
>.....A.... A-...."r'......<...,i..k^.
v^i
'.
.^..i.N-
.N::^...':^
11218
...^...^n
i^.^.i-^-,
._.v
.-
l..\^..^./^.,
k^....r,:s...:.
:n
^...,:rx^...^,
a-D....:^
[^
^..
:J5
r:r^......\<^
:..,::::^...:::^i
N^
./...I...
^...!....^^.4...
v__...,^:x
c:^...
j....:r:
:c:::^
-o
t.
rr^..._:r^lrz:!.../
1.1.1....^..
o ..:^....^
A...1...Z....0.
C:.Jr:^.l..^A.L.'S
.:^..
t...
L^^,
\....Z.
L.c=^..._...:j^
^^^ L-^
^i:.^,..<v..^.^3^
'-'^-
V<^
'U^-\^
f-^ -^ -
<^--^.
[^
.......v-3....^..^.
SPECIAL CONTRACTIONS.
t 218
213
Exercise 110.
One who
an arbitrator, and-there-is
a growing tendency to submit all disputes to-the arbitrament of a third-party. Such decision would frequently
save-the
disputants from being arbitrary and harsh
towards one another whereinsoever amends may-be-made.
It-is thought by-some that a universal language would
foster the spirit of arbitration throughoutthe universe,
but as yet the attempts made to formulate such a method
arbitrates is called
to effect
society the
university lecturer said an intelligible reason could-be given
for-the theory of degeneration, but-the universality of-its
acceptance by scientists was-not to be expected in-our
present state of knowledge. On a future occasion he-is tolecfure on-ihe-doctrine of Universalism.
He-is acknowledged to be a capable phonographer, and, Uke the "Father
of-Phonography," he-is a vegetarian, and urges his phonographic and other friends to-practise~the principles of
|
yesterday,
in
whom
(36U)
214
SPECIAL CONTRACTIONS.
Special Contractions:
Section 5
^Z(to)ge(ther)
<oge(ther)
(circum)stan-
Lj-
tial
whatevier)
whenevier)
misf(ortune)
unprincipled
--S\^
displeasure
n(o)t(withstand-
^1
journalism.
journalis{i)ic
ing)
..^.
(al)
de(nomi)nationde(nomi)n(a-
u>~N
everything
11218
tional)ism
"^
thankiul
thanksgiv{ing)
in (can) descent
in(can)descence
...Tt^Ip
something
.^
remarkable
.
^...
enlarge
enlarged
anything
nothing
enlargement
enlarger
.^^
in(con)ven(ient-
insignificance
..?:Wi
n(e)v(ertheless)
unselfish-ness
.^V^.
x\ncons{t)itution-
irreni(ov)able
_.
al
Exercise 111.
.....:i..
.sy\
c...<
ce)
insignificant
i
s..^
II
^..
>f ...\n._x,
^\^... C..^....%
,....
z....^
L....;^_i...:r:....cd. x..a_...:
A,...i.|.>...,,^^.r.^
:U...^^..../:r^
.L.|
215
SPECIAL CONTRACTIONS.
218
l..y^......::....^.....<o
3.
y\.
vz....:r....<^..>......_^....,^....C.....Jf)..
f^...r::-:^....^...^,
rj:-x
^k.....L,
i...^....z..
C.x....^..^...^
s^,
)..i...:\
..^. ..^..
.1
N,:
>:^.
ir
^_,
C.
SPECIAL CONTRACTIONS.
216
^ 218
Exercise 112.
Dear-Sir:
My
The enlargement
of-the Cross
Street Schools received
consideration, and my committee are of-the
opinion that something should-be done immediately inthis direction.
To enlarge them again as-they-were
enlarged ten
years ago seems-to-be necessary, and-it-is
hoped to commence building operations during-the coming
summer; and, to-save-time, my committee purpose
giving the contract-to-the- previous enlarger of-the schools.
As-the whole of-the hghting of-the schools requires
overhauling, my committee have arranged for a report
on-the matter, and-as-the incandescence
of-the mantles
in-the offices here is very-satisfactory, it-is probable that
similar incandescent lights will-be fitted throughout.
|
special
(186)
Exercise 113.
Dear-Sir:
altogether
removable,
done to-bring-the
and-I-shall-be thankful
parties together again.
whatever
is
Yours-truly,
(155)
If
218
SPECIAL CONTRACTIONS.
217
Summary.
1. Special
(a)
full
By employing
outhne.
(6)
(c)
(d)
By
By
By
medial omission.
using logograms.
intersection.
As a general
represent
rule the
either
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY
218
CHAPTER
^ 219-222
XXXVi;.
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
The
219.
general
principles
following
it
viations and
of
phraseography
and some
are
of the chapters
dent
is,
mon
phraseograms.
number
of
com-
intended to
review briefly, and to extend considerably the application of abbreviations
In this chapter
it
is
of phraseograms.
abbreviating devices
various
221.
The
Circles,
ling, (4)
222. Circles.
(a)
The small
used for
may be
used to represent
us know.
please
let
(2)
(3)
Doub-
besides
being
Halving,
Omissions.
Js^.. it
us,
circle,
has been,
as in
...^
...k^ it is
from
not,
us, iL--
^-^
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
^ 223-224
The
(b)
initial large
may
circle
219
be used to represent
the following:
(1)
as we,
(2)
as
(3)
as
and
9.....
as well as;
think;
as soon as.
(c)
as
"
"
s,
we
...X
as in
may
be used to
is
and
s,
(2)
his
and
s,
"
"
(3)
and
s,
"
"
(4)
and
has, "
"
(5)
and
is,
223. Loops.
in
trt!!
in our view,
representing
(6)
(a)
...
"
The
(a)
few
L.... it
this
...h
this is.
loop
(2)
(3)
than,
as in
used
for
first,
miscellaneous
(b)
by
..^!^^.
hooks
are
words,
as
all
used
in
older than;
own,
"
"
..y!2.
our own;
been,
"
"
.A..
I had been.
in
-^^a:^
means, 4^,^_p./
/J
as
next.
and
is
Wednesday first;
appears,
only necessary,
has been;
v^...
st
The
in this city;
.p
(/.^ Wednesday
Hooks.
224.
is
"
said;
it is
....p
for next, as in
it
as in
220
The f
(c)
or
hook
may
be
who
have;
^ 225-227
used
the
for
fol-
lowing:
as in
have,
(1)
(2)
of,
"
(3)
after,
"
"
...6
l^ Monday afternoon;
(4) even,
such phrases as
in
(5)
"
Monday
..Inf..
evening;
at all events,
-"^^^ into
effect.
(d)
The
as
ciation,
and
circle s
in
shiin
for asso-
\_^
political
medical association,
-.-/tL_c
association.
225. Halving.
The
halving
principle
is
used
for
(1)
it,
(2)
to,
as in
"
(4)
would, "
(5)
word,
(6)
in
"
Doubling.
able to;
...ff
you
will not;
" ...V\
Ms
would
"
ihis
word;
..V
be;
to time.
227. Omissions.
(6)
...S.
dear, as in
sonants,
if it;
there, their, in
and
"
" "
(3) not,
226.
....^^
^ some other,
These
Syllables,
(c)
my
dear
(a)
sir.
Con-
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
11228
(a)
Consonants
may
be omitted as indicated
221
in
the
following phrases:
.mos{t) 'probably,
in this {?n)anner,
./\
in
(6)
The
The
syllable con
(2)
the,
(3)
of,
(5)
animal
{l)ije,
may be
omitted, as in
we have {con)clvded.
(1)
(4)
."rrr^irr-.-.r::.
{r)ej)ly.
(con)sider, i^Vt(c)
in {J)act,
of the,
!.
/ will
advanced phraseography.
222
Advanced Phraseography:
-c
-O.
and
in all proba-
bihty
as fast as
as
U^-
it
as were
as the matter
brought forward
by and by
-
by
by
the
^.
notwithstanding
that
on either hand
on
either side
y~ on
/
on these occasions
>o__|
on
this occasion
vr
v._
this
on
matter
peculiar circum-
by some means
1.
notwithstanding
such
were
much
as
osT.
Section
."x].
circumstances
all
11228
stances
^^^O^
annum
.\<CZ..
per
...\^..
per cent
every circumstance
I
am
quite agree
certain that
you are
I
am
per centage
inclined to
.
quite agreeable
so
tliat
we may
think
I
I
am persuaded
am very glad
- L-,
those which
I think it is
are
necessary
^
,
in his
_ those
now
who
we
are
in the
meantime
in this country
in this
matter
to bring the
matter
under all circumstances
you
will agree
you
will
in this respect
probably
1[
223
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
228
Exercise 114.
..m....^.<.^^..r.
..c..^
....
v::^N... ^.
..;:
L,
..
k..|,...:y:..,.:=i...|..
.^^..-^
...;..;j^...S
...:
...^,..^^....^.^..-...^...4^.r^..:\Z.^...^..;'
,.1..20-(?^x
..\....c^...J.l..s..^-7^.
!>U,,^..Z^,...l'
^.....^...._9J...L;.....r:^l.^..i..^...^..
^
I
>.
^C>....^
.../7..^n>
X ..:...1..L.^...>
r!....^.,,<:r^o....'^......^...,
X;^^,,^
_.X..., , ...:xc
ADVANCED PHRaSEOGRAPHY,
224
\\
228
Exercise 115.
Dear-Sir: I-am-very-glad to notice-that by-somemeans you-are hoping to-have-the new proposal broughtforward at-the-next meeting of-the-directors, and- I-ampersuaded that in-the-meantime you-should-not discussthe-matter with anyone, for-it-is-necessary to be very
cautious under -all-circumstances, and especially so when
there-are such peculiar-circumstances as on-this-occasion.
You-will-probably do what-can-be-done to-make-the case
complete, so-that-we-may have every-circumstance detailed
that-is in-our-favor.
I-think-that-you-are-aware
ot"-the importance of-having ready a definite scheme
if--.ve-would-be successful, but as-the-matter is
of-such
|
importance
to
us,
Exercise 116.
Dear-Sir
I-am-certain-that-you-are-not fully conversant with-the-matter, or you would-not urge those-whowere present on-these-occasions to-bring-the question
to-the notice of -the meeting.
On-either-side there-are
those-who-are always ready to hurry business as-fast-as
they can, notwithstanding-that there-is-no-advantage
gained by unnecessary haste. By-and-by, I-am-inclinedto-think-that you-will-agree-with me on-this-matter, andthen you-will regret that-you unduly hastenedthe
passing of-the-rules with-which-we-are-now deaUng, the
working bf-which-has given so-much trouble and expense
:
(120)
225
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
t 228
from us
r^
....<Zji
....
to us
our view
in
our statement
it
appears
l\^^
it
appears that
.....Jrr?^
as
we have
as
we can
as
we cannot
as
we do
Q_
Q,
.
as
we think
as
we
as
we may
shall
as well as usual
J^..
.9.
it
...U-^;^^,^^.... it
p
..
vo
it is
....
.ND
S-rr^...
any longer
rather than
.."C^....^-...
at all your
has been
our
own
expected
have been
_...Vj_^..
informed
xi
have been
I
at
first
cost
own
have been
-^^"""V""
of this statement
smaller than
L^.... at all
...S^
.y.-T.....
be
no longer than
..^
this subject
this
will only
more than
fp.
only be
longer than
in this century
ill
can only be
may
_./__^
_3?
necessary
they
said
ZkLyi
means
..(/^^r:^...
as well as can be
as soon as they
all
it is only
as soon as we can|
..^^
by
.\<73>
.i^Q^..
y.
,__o/
Wednesday next
please inform us
.....V.
2.
V?....
returned
ADVANCED PHRASEOGEAPHY.
226
is
c~j
b
y\o_
all
events
into effect
^~^
rate of interest
\ 228
at
.^
out of doors
incorporated
association
state of affairs
..
(^-^
"1
...
Thursday afternoon
Thursday evening
medical assocn.
poUtical assocn.
traders' assocn.
Exercise 117.
\-'.
^.l-^..-.-<S...l
^ ^^-^
.^x
V^;
rv
h....^...l....C
V^--^
....\3
.VI
y.
.V
::..^?....cn
.:.....e.
>_^....o....L
r.f>x
;^-
.V..X
\i...^.
krr
L
v
c^S^
L^...6
L--1
y---'^....^
^
>
^^... ^
^,-.V-^-.
^..x^.r:.
>...^^^r....o
...^ (f..^x
\
_.^^....;)
....<y<.
..._..::?.,
^o...^.
^-
J^^..
H-' ^-^-1^.^--^
^...k_ .^..cru
:x^S^...:..
..^Cd^....^.....C:r....^
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
H 228
^...^^-...^...^
J^....^
^^
<^,
L..:...:>
^...cr(
/..^..
^^^
..<
VC...!^....^
^-^^
..^...v^....r:"....^M...i....^..o.,
X ..::...:v:...x_
.
^...)..c_^
.::.
/..v
:,..\....u...i^....^.:/.. e-
.>o
<
y....^-A
c/V>.
-r4.
i....rnV^..
c^.^,
\..cZ...
.f-
V
l^...o^^x
C7
a'-'','"-v=
:^c^x
a ..'^^..^.....L.^Jx
.... )....
^"-^V^
>
i>.
0,...:...|.k.^..::::C
^....
/ ...CNT.
^...f
,^.>Z.._L-...^...^^
J--^'
C.......ZX-...^..J
/...z::^
227
/....:. ..../I
:...^....i
.v|
o.
L.r\^.
....Sr3.....^
i-x
c>...>1
Q_p... <r~ft
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
228
^ 228
Exercise 118.
We-have-been-informed of-the-proposed meeting
your county-association on-Wednesday-next, and
ofto-
ns it-appears-
weeks for-the completion of-the interior. Any-way, weshall-be no-longer-than we-can help.
When finished,
the building will-be one of-the handsomest in- this-city,
and-it-is suggested by-some-one that a member of-the
council should-be asked to open it on a Thursday-afternoon in-the-early spring, sothat-the members of-the
|
(438)
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
11228
Advanced Phraseography
229
Section 3
{Halving Principle.)
,..%^.
as
..-^
by which
if it is
\ui^
^-
it
was
not
if it
be not
if it
were
.v_,
you cannot
n^
-bw-
I trust not
..It'.
were
if it
...
....
which it is
in which it has
appeared
was not
in
of
which
been
it
has
would
if it
of which
able to
would be
itmustbe
make
(^
they would
^^,^
they would be
able to think
....
am able to think
I am unable to
...(y^..^.
..</^..
W6 would
few words
""3
1
think
we are able to
in our
....
words
many words
make
you will be able to
at any rate
....L
cannot be
at aU times
cannot say
at
cannot see
at the
may
not be
shall not
be
some time
same time
some time
^Lj.,^_^
for
.'^y^^^^
-rv-^
..
^ 228
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHT.
230
Exercise 119,
^.-^
...<
_. ...^... /...^
:....!.
1^...
^ A...^
:v.,^....c-:....... ^....^,
V. ...v^
..'...
V -^
^.-:^_..-^ .z^....N-
....^...:^
u ..\ .^..^
^..Z^....^.)
Ll..::::'...\o...)....L..._x
-I-'
^-^^
,v^
w::..
,b
No.
^.-^-vr-N/'
rv
..>P
.:^:
/Sr]
<
.x^::>'
r
i^
i....:^-....^
\..
>.
1[
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
228
.....N^.... i/......
..^....^
v_?.....^?.... '^....V.
...
..'s^^x
-^-
Exercise 120.
I-was-not weU previous to-your visit, but I-am-sorry toteU-you I-have-been under-the care of Dr. Brown evereiace-the day you left.
Indeed, you-were-not gone
|
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
232
% 228
Thomas Makin.
(550)
If
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
228
233
(Doubling Principle.)
- above their
in their case
before there
in their opinion
for their
for their
in their statement
own
in
from
which there
is
increasing their
value
their
making
their
way
has to be there
more than
how can
I
am
there be
sure there
have their
I
I
know
decision
is
their
pending their
shall
be there
though there
there
is
is
upon
their
we have
their
be
see there
think there
is
wili
whenever there
by some other
means
some other
be
I
if
there
if
there
is
,._ if
there
is
if it
to be
be there
or some other
in other
words
is
234
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHT.
in order
in order that
^^^rrT?5..
m order to
11228
my
dear
my
my
dear friend
madam
dear fellow
citizens
my
.!^^!Z!!^..
dear
sir
Exercise 121.
^-
^
^-^^
L^...2l....r!.3
^^
W
(
<
l..^-^.....^..^-.,
r:
\..-.i
U^.
.,
^.^
c...\^:
-...^
:..,_,..
t-^-^
x,
^-i
:rz
r:::-^
\^.....\^.\z^..
-^
....V... iv......1
C./.....<^..
ci.,
vv^--^--^^
^^......Z\,
I..,
'-^^
^....^....U.^....:L..1
L..^}/..?..._.'^...:K.:.....:.U...::j(rr^
^....i..(n
5ci/.^..r::...4..i../
^-^->
z^
^..y:
.v-|.-.73'.....C..,
V-
>^
\- <--V-U -<-^-.^-.L^-..-.'^_
.^...<rv
>y.....<..vZ\T......Kx
235
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
T;,228
i..:>.._..L..J!:...:...=-x
/.
\....k.
^^.
.^....^....^..._.N^
Tk-~
C<.
.<......:r:.....
^...::. ...n
."=^^.
.!v
...
:..-^-....i-J^-^
N^
.V....-....^.
Ll.
y-.
^A
----^-^^
.^x._J<^
.=Y
^-i
-^.
.v^
^..-^.--
L....!.....]
v..l...^
K....'zru
VL.-W
1.
"^
ic.
v-
N.
i....\.r;..j_-\o
I...i....Cr:......Z!C^....U..-.:
.>
1--^-^
x)
^.~^......^.
^...,.^,
<L,
:...^
^^
...^....:^
k.
N \>
z...,.^.
>
O ...'^- X
-x:
^-^-^
k
^".
q^....xr.
^_.J.....<
A-.
rs
^.
-^
V.
-V^
'-
V-^
^.....::i.:....<k....::.v^.-a^"
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
236
If
228
Exercise 122.
I-know-there-has-been a great-deal said, as-well-as
written, about-the interest attaching to-the study of
phrase and-fable, but I-know-there-has-notbeen suffiin-view of-the importance of-the-matter,
cient said,
and-I-know-there-will-be a great-deal-more both said and
written before the subject is exhausted. Whenever-thereis a subject of interest to-the general reader, and a desire
expressed for information upon-it, there-will-be-found
someone ready and wilhng to obtain-the
necessary
knowledge and impart it to-others. As-we-have-seen,
too, the work is from-time-to-time generally executed aswell-as-it-can-be, and-the-results made known in-the very
shortest time possible. This-is a great convenience to-most
of-us, as-we-have-not-time to devote to-research in-thesesubjects.
think- there-is room, indeed, I-am-sureIthere-is room for-something-more on-the-topic I-havementioned before it-can-be-said that-the pubhc is tired
of-it.
There-are-some-people, however, who know very|
little
of-the origin
sions of-frequent
satisfaction and-
means of-bringing
ah'eady pubUshed
(430)
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
1[225
237
A<^
...^^^ZTJ^o in
.....^?r!\
^A^
....
..^^^^^^^.....
/trrr>.....
^/^
other (r)espects
in hke
(m)anner
and
gf
ahnos(t) certain
now
and
gf-j^j
k^ -
y~i>^
.....v_9
.....%-?>^
as
month
^^
mos(t) probably
..o_^
u^.
(mon)th
'^^
week
there mus(t) be
be
much
as
as soon as poss(ible)
as well as poss(ible)
/\^ as
mus(t) be
if it
were
poss(ible)
,...o^
jus(t) poss(ible)
..\/f
betwee(n) them
..v^
foundatio(n) stone
o(n)e another
towards o(n)e
another
.industrial (l)ife
I (h)ope
in (point of f)act
(m)anner
poss(ible)
in (f)act
in this
this
week
....r^-^....you mus(t)
same
as far as poss(ible)
year
nex(t)
in the
nex(t mon)th
-N-
....C^?\^....
same
(m)anner as
jus(t) received
last
in the
(m)anner
wehave (r)eceived
..^....^3.... las(t)
.0\
and
^_^
in (r)eply
just
5.
have (r)eceived
las(t)
L.
I (h)ope
you are
telegra(ph) office
satisfied
wor(th) while
is it
wor(th) while
.A^.
.^
238
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
H-
K^^/H
fully (con)sidered
satisfactory (con)clusion
further (con)-
have (con)-
shall
sideration
should be (con)-
cluded
sidered
some
tion
it
(con)sidered
may
be (con)-
it
will
(con) elusion
unsatisfactory
(con) elusion
be (con)-
we have
sidered
(into)
(con)sideration
'
sidered
[/^^
(con)sidera-
tion
into (con)sidera-
is
be (taken
into con)-
in (con) elusion
it
be (con)-
sidered
sideration
I
shall
sidered
further (con)-
228
If
Uttle (con)sidera-
(con)-
eluded
tion
..were (con)sidered
mus(t) be (con)-
which
sidered
will
be
(eon) sidered
necessary (con)-
which
clusion
Sought to be (con)-
will
be
(taken into
sidered
eon)sideration
Exercise 123.
\J
.^r:^.,.
...(..
'->
^^
\.-
<5^
.>^.x^....l^...^...l..-^i.
\h '^
---^
>/
>T'
ii..'i..^::x
}^..::i...L;.
:^. ^^..^E...l:
/rrr....w
z:^ ..\^.
./I
\..x
.\yrr...^b
z......^L.<:^<D...
..".....r..
.>/:\,.
y.^^..ir..<^.
^^^.J
\-L-^-^-->^^
^...H....A_^
<.j:...^1o....,
''"V;
v-t^
>
.,....|,...r2\j.
^-A.../..x.x^.\...:
2..:.
.1^..:
U...<....k_.<
i....^.,...i...r:r:A..,...rr::C^...(^...i..:...>.^
r:>.....\.
/I
239
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
1[228
...^.....^!zL
y|..-^
,..V^
,..."r:..
yK
...4...-^::Vo ..z
...^....
<i
^
o...!:
^-^^^.
.:.
-^-
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
240
^ 228
Exercise 124.
I-have-received your communication of-the 12th-inst.,
and-I-am-very-pleased-indeed to inform-you that-youare almost-certain to-hear from-me in-the affirmative
next-week.
Most-probably you-will-be asked to-come
here the last-week in-the-last-month of-the-year, butyou-must-not-be surprised if-you-are- requested to-give
your lecture at an earher date.
Your lecture in-the
autumn of -last-year was a great success; in-fact, unparalleled in-the history of-our literary
organization.
This-month and next-month we-are to-have a series oflectures on-the industrial-hfe of-our cities in-the nineteenth century, and-it-is just-possible that-we-may-have
a famous economist as chairman at-the opening gathering.
We-have-concluded that-these problems ought-to-beconsidered without-delay, especially as economic questions
are very-pressing just-now.
I-hope-you-will-think-it worth-while to-consider, asfar-as-possible, the alteration of-the date of-the laying
of-the corner-stone,
and-I-am-sure a Uttle-consideration will lead you to a decision that will materially
enhance the chances of a successful gathering.
Is-itworth-while ignoring-the wishes of a small but influential
section of-your supporters in-this-manner when a shght
alteration would-be of advantage?
In-other-respects
I-think no-fault can-be-found
with-the-arrangements.
We-have-received your-letter of-the 9th-inst., respecting
consignments, and your-requests shall-be-considered inthe-same^'manner-as your previous communications onsuchmatters. Our Mr. Burton is away at-present inthe-north of -Scotland.
expect him back to-morrow,
however, when-the whole-question shall-be-taken-into
consideration, and
an early-reply forwarded to-you.
Doubtless a satisfactory-conclusion can-be arrived at
which-will-be-considered agreeable to all concerned.
In-conclusion, I-would point-out that-there- are manycircumstances which-will-be taken-into-consideration on a
future occasion, but of-which it-is-considered unwise. tospeak now. One necessary-conclusion, however, is-that
only
in-the-manner I-have indicated is-it possible to
arrive at anything like a true estimate of-the-motives ofthese men towards-one-another, and to judge impartially
of-the letters which passed between-them. The incident
at-the telegraph-office is-the-most-important.
(407)
|
We
If
241
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
228
Advanced Phraseogkapht
Section
6.
(Omissions: Logograms.)
-f
in (the) nex(t>
as (a) rule
lT
place
into (the) matter
at (a) loss
notwithstanding
in (a)
few days
(m)easure
on (the) o(n)e
hand
on (the) subject
(m)anner as
..v^
moment
(con)-
(the)
trary
in such (a)
for (a)
(f)act
(the)
on
in (a) great
\^
what
over (the)
all
world
circum-
all (the)
stances
as
(a)
matter
(of)
(f)act
day
expression (of)
at (the) pres(ent)
opinion
time
in (con)sequence
way
(the)
(the)
(of)
course
at (the) present
by
(the)
is
matter
as (a) matter
(of)
^^;A^
a_^
necessary (con)-
sequence
matter
in (the) first
in (r)espect (of)
.'>.
(of)
on
instance
.^^'i^l'^j
^-''^X^
(the)
seco(nd)
place
-:^.
in (the) th(ird)
place
in (the) las(t)
place
out
(of)
place
time
do you mean
(to)
say
expect (to) receive
^228
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
242
ought
....SvjD
-^
^-
from
having (r)egard
(to)
..^r!^^^....
in(r)ef(eren)ce(to)
in(r)ef(eren)ce(to)
which
in
(to)
have
known
first (to)
last
..
we
shall
(to)
we
shall
(to)
in (r)eply (to)
be glad
hear
be glad
know
wi(th) (r)ef(er-
en)ce (to)
wi(th) (r)ef(er-
..^^I^
...
in (r)espect (to)
it
it
....
j-y-^
_..A...
appears (to) me
appears (to)
have been
seems (to) me
ought (to) have
been
it
Exercise 125.
(r) elation
(to)
wi(th) (r)espect
(to)
^..<1.
243
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
^ 228
v:..:V,... f^...^.:-|.::.
^_^,.:^^
v.../n.,
..rL.^
_^...:r:....:....^-^
.....--^.
.k...._^....:r:.^^.xrp\.,...::^.A...::
v^x
\z::....
^,..^...."
f.
7^,
^....:...<
.:>^.!^
::..Y...::^....)
:^...!
V. ...\
^
..I
;^....|
...::^ X ...rr^...
/I
...::
^^....rv:..:^:^
.L^...k
.W:^x...:r^.;.
l.-l
..:..^....:^p...^....t.:
r
i:...
:...yi
.."ii ,....1- ^-
.,^.
1....^....!....^.
,...
>...^..o....:>
:r^
k,
V^'
^^-
244
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
11228
^j^.
).../!
.1.,
>.^x"
Exercise 126.
ifTyou-will
look into-theand-I-shall-be-glad
matter for-me, notwithstanding-the-fact that-you-are
so busy voiu-seK. The enclosed-statement gives you my
position in-reference-to-the difficulty, and-I-shall-be-gladto-have your expression-of-opinion on-the-matter at an
early date.
better,
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
^ 228
245
out-of-place,
and-I-cannot-understand what-is-the-matter with-the reviewer t hat-he-should make such a violent
attack, on-the-one-hand, upon-the probity of-our author, andon-the-other, upon-the accuracy of-his1
statements.
For-the-first-time in-the-history of-the company wehave to-report an adverse balance. In-the-first-instance,
we-have-had a serious strike at-the-works, but-you-will
be-glad-to-know-that all disputes have-been amicably
settled. In-the-next-place, we-have-had some very heavy
law expenses with-reference-to our existing patents, andI
a statement appears in-theIn-the-last-place, our annual turnover hasnotbeen up to expectations, though, by-the-way, it slightly
exceeds-the figures of-last-year. You-will-be-glad-to-hear
that our new manager has introduced several
excellent
reforms which-wiU bear fruit in-the-near-future.
(580)
with-reference-to-which
report.
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHT
246
II
world
out (of the)
question
pecuhar circum-
deeper
(and)
"^^"
faste(r)
-/^.
7.
Logograms.)
Ik-
228
faster
case
^
..,r-^^...,
^^'''""'^"
_A
,^..i/^.
one
(or) less
two
(or)
_./k^^... right
(or)
wrong
nearer
.)'^.....^
more
east
and west
...o_rf^
six or
seven
sooner
(or) later
three or four
two
three
(or)
qui(cker) (and)
up (to
quicker
_
/I
up
the) present
(ent)
...a'<^^^.....
..._
time
in accordance
(with)
in accordance
bear
(in)
borne
\v/^.
^^^^
all
(in)
mind
mind
world
fact (of the)
matter
.
(of)
(with) the
in accordance
(with) the
matter
in connection
(with)
in connection
(with) the
in connection
(with) their
247
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
1228
Exercise 127.
.H....\r...LA
\
'
-i'...:r:...n ..r\...<^...^..M....x>-
(^-
L^
x^^^
^.zz=...^...v^...M..v:;..::TrU,.../..7N-^j::^^
f^.
,
-^ J-^^-t-
-^^J
..rv^./C.
...^
^..
/k^ (^-1^..^-
.'-c-
vr^
.C.^../!..v....^....::^..:.o...^^..^l.^
,....^....'^.....-::::....k..rs...^..N..i^
^-^--'
^/
'^
<)<;;/
v-r^
<5-N-..^
.,
"t^
.^."......::^,...u..^..>.^
...<^
rV^,
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
248
:^->-^..^..^^
S '^
>vA...X:,,,::^-;
x'.
2>...v^^^.,
A, ^..,..^.
-:
^^
^-^^^
''^'
....^...^.
..'^.....^n
:::::^^,-A...:::^,
L-
n\ J
.:
liT; ^
L....^r^:^..
-Y^'-
'
X-.^.^^,
.^^,
^-^
V -^-^
i..../....^.
:^.:
....'^..
\..^.
i^....}
l,....K>^-l -^^
19L^,
-^ ..c^....^l
.bC^r-:' ..^..(^...^-^.....--w...!^:rr....o..l^
o...^.
^ 228
..
^^..'C:....!.-^,^
M...>...^
...%.::.
>^....:^.
-1.-^-^
^-^^
^^,-:^X.
1[
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
228
249
Exercise 128.
Ships of immense
nowadays found
have to-be-made
deeper-and-deeper in-order-to accommodate the huge
vessels whichare-constructed to-carry more-and-more
and to-travel faster-and-faster as time advances. Distance
between us and-foreign parts is becoming less-and-less,
and north-andsouth, and east-and-west are being
brought nearer-and-nearer, so-that-the desire long-since
proportions
and
are
docks
Over-and-over-again we-have-complained of-the ratesand-taxes in-connection-with our concern, and sooner-orlater we-shall-have to-discuss waysand-means of a
I
successful
agitation
for-their
reduction.
TJp-to-the-
relief
we-think-we-are
during-
the-last
entitled
six-or-seven
to.
years
Again-and-again,
there-have-been
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
250
% 228
Summary.
1,
in
advanced phraseography,
as follows:
The small
The large
(a)
(b)
and
and
has, s
and w, as
and s; finally
medially for
s;
for s
and
is
and
s,
and
his
s; s
is.
(c)
id)
(e)
(J)
The halving
(h)
a,nd in a
few
The
(i)
principle for
common
for association.
it,
to,
plirases.
doubling
principle
for
there,
their,
other,
dear.
2.
The
following
may
(a)
Consonants not
(6)
The
syllable
be omitted:
essential to phraseograms.
co7i,
syl-
lables;
(c)
gram
Any logogram
is legible.
11228
CHAPTER XXXVII.
PHRASES AND CONTRACTIONS.
BUSINESS
Section
'~^/^
am
1.
in receipt of
your
'
^^~^
251
am in receipt of
am
N^
beg to enclose
letter
herewith
I beg to inform you
your favor
^'^'^^^^^
I am. directed
^Z_
I enclose cheque
am directed to
^^^Vo
I enclose invoice
am
state
I
I
am instructed to state
I am instructed to
inform you
I enclose herewith
^'^""^
I enclose stalemenc
t4
am instructed
*^-'^
^'""'i
''^"""'^
directed to
inform you
"^
I enclose account
in recei|3t of
-^<-l
*~\p
'";/
am requested
*f
N^-^/^^
am
--''*^-^
am requested to
^'"^
am
requested to state
inform you
^^'-'''^N^
am
\^^'^
^/
^-j
enclosed letter
enclosed pleaee find
I can assure
I have to acknowledge
receipt of your letter
I have to call attention
surprised
>~^^.
rather surprised
am much
obliged
heg to acknowledge
receipt of your letter
beg
to
acknowledge
beg to
beg to enclose
call
attention
^^
v^
^Xr/"
Njv^
you
I do not understand
hope you
I hope
you are
regard
.'^^..
..J
I regret
will
satisfied
252
11228
I regret to state
you
we
are in a poeit on
we
are
much
be surprised
your consideration
obliged
to jou
respectfully reque
will
your favor
we
are surprised
youi's faithfully
we beg
to quote
faithfully yours
you are
at liberty
yours obediently
your
o'
edient servant
yours respectfully
>
yours truly
Exercise 129.
Exercise 130.
^ 228
253
Exercise 131.
Dear
^Str;I-beg-to-acknowledge-receipt-of-your-letter
of-the 4th inst., and-in-accordance-with-your-request Ihave-the-pleasui-e to enclose-herewith copy of-the
paper
referred to. I-am-glad-to-hear that-you-were at-the meeting, and-I-hope-you-are-satisfied with-the-result.
I-amrather-surprised that-the localpress did not give more
prominence to-one-or-two speeches which-were, in-myopinion, valuable contributions to a question of vital interest at (the) present-time.
With-regardto my-own
paper, I-beg-to-call-your-attention to-the fact that though
a good-deal was said upon-it, no-one ventured to contradiofe
the statements made
with-reference-to-the duties of accountants and auditors. You-will-see from-the-enclosedletter that I-had ample reasons for-my assertions.
Youare-at-liberty to-make
any use you think proper of-the
paper. You-may-consider it-is-worth pubhshing. If so,
I-think-you-might send a copy to all-the-members.
FaithfuUy-youi-s.
(180)
|
Exercise 132.
we-will instruct him to-do-so in-the future. Withregard-to-the special cloth you-require for-the-Government contract, we-beg-to-quote you one dollar per yard,
and-we-can guarantee absolute satisfaction if-you place-the
order with us in due course. We-beg-to-call yom-attention
also, to-the enclosed
samples of fancy linings, which-weare manufacturing for-the coming season, and-which-weare-able-to offer at-the exceedingly low-prices marked onthe patterns. If-you- are-in-the market for-this-class ofgoods, we-feel sure that-you-cannot-do better-than give
these, samples your-consideration. We-have a large stock
of-the
goods ready for dehvery, and-we-hope-you-wiUYours-respectfuUy.
be-able-to favor us with an order.
(240)
and-
254
BUSINESS PHRASES
feUSINESS
CONTRACTIONS.
AJSTD
11228
2.
referring to your
in reply (to)
in reply to
your
letter
referring to your
letter
favor
in reply to
your favor
referring to our
iu reply to
letter
your
referring to our
esteemed favor
invoica
in your reply
by
in
your reply to
my letter
in
my
..1^....
by
tliis
post
my last
letter
your
post
by next post
letter
copy of
first
>X)
by return of post
last letter
.^^\xv
^y parcel post
registered letter
~\
postal order
early reply
early consideration
early attention
early convenience
at your earliest
convenience
a8 soon as convenient
as soon as ready
'deferring to
yours
\/^
.
at
once
by goods train
j^
by wire
81
^7 passenger train
my
qJ'
Q>^
'^~-^
attention bas
been called
'^t_
necessary attention
necessary arraugements
we
will arrange
the mattnr
If
228
best attention
best of
my ability
255
balance sheet
balance
your
(of)
account
V\
payment
statement of account
account sales
best quality
bill
best price
of
of account
exchange
stock exchange
in
exchange
best terms
biU of lading
lowest terms
imder
bill
of sale
best finish
underwriters
best thanks
balance due
">/|)
ordinary rates
\y\
special rates
Exercise 133.
Dear
In-reply-to-your-letter
of yesterday, webiU-of-lading and-the biU-of-exchange were forwarded to-you by-first-post on Tuesdaymorning last, in registered-letter, addressed as usual, andwe-are-surprised that-they have-not reached you.
Wewill make inquiries here, and in-the-meantime, ifyoureceive-the letter kindly inform us by-wire-at-once. Referring to-our-letter of-the 27th ult., and your-reply to
same, we-have written the works, pressing them to-give
early-attention to-the-matter and to-make-the necessaryarrangements for forwarding the goods to-the finishers assoon-as-ready. We-have-instructed the latter to-give-the
material the best finish, and-we-have-no-doubt they-willdo-so.
have-also mentioned your complaint as-to-the
finish of-the last
consignment, and we-are-assured that
special care will-be taken to-prevent a repetition of-the
mistake in-the future. In-accordance-with your-request,
we have-the-pleasure to enclose statement-of-accoimt up
to-the 30th ult., and-we-trust you will-find this quite inorder. Our Mr. Ralphs wiU-be in-your town on-Wednesday next, and-will give you a call. We-have-sent-you byparcel-post a copy of-our new pattern book, and-we-shaUbe-glad to-receive-yom* kind
orders for any of-the materials named therein. Very-truly-yours.
(250)
Sirs:
beg-to-state
that-the
We
256
*l\
228
inst.,
we-
Exercise 134.
Dear Sir:
regret
In-reply-to-your-favor of-the
that-we-cannot
undertake-the
16th
responsibility
of
in
work in-hand at-once, so-as-tomachine by-goods-train on-Sat urday. We need hardly say that-we pay the best-price for
all-the-materials we use, and-we guarantee them to be ofpost, and-we-will
put the
Referring-to-your-letter of-
the 9th inst., we-have-done our best to induce-the carriers to-quote special-rates for-the-goods consigned to-you,
[
but-they dechne to-make any reduction on-the ordinaryWithrates unless-the traffic is considerably increased.
reference-to-our statement-of-account for last quarter,
I
will-thank-you
due has-not yet been received, and-wefor a check or postal-order f or-the-amount at-your-earliestI
convenience.
Yours-faith-
fuUy.
(250)
If
228
BUSINESS PHRASES
257
AND CONTRACTIONS.
Section
3.
first cost
additional ex-
at first cost
additional cost
first-class
board of directors
pense
first
quality
first
instant
first
notice
first
instalment
directors'
meeting
directors' report
declare a dividend
week
this
week
deliver
last
immediately
next week
financial affairs
last
month
Monday morning
Tuesday aiternoon
/^-^
Weduesdiy evening
please quote us
please let us
please let
know
me know
please note
please inform us
please forward
from the
port
further particulars
make an appointment
makers up
trade price
according to
at^reement
according to their
stateiiient
last re-
trade
mark
trades union
Exercise 135.
258
^ 228
casks about 4 cwt. each, and say if-these could- be delivered to-our order at the. Union Station by Tuesday-evening
or Wednesday-afternoon at-the latest. Referring-to-your
invoice of-the first-instant, please-note that-thesegoods are-not yet to hand. We-have inquii-ed of-the
railway officials here, and according-to-their-statement the
goods have-not-been handed to-them. Yours-truly. (160)
|
Exercise 136.
Dear Sir: I brought your-letter before-the Board-ofDirectors at-their meeting yesterday, but after some discussion they-were-obUged to postpone fmlher-considerathe next Directors' -meeting,
tion of-the matter until
which-will-be held on-the last Tuesday-afternoon of-this
month. I-think-the Directors would-be-glad if-you would
kindly set forth your- proposals more fully than is done
in-yom'-letter. The fii'st cost of-the material is very low,
but-the question of-the additional-cost of-preparing it
and-the additional-expense which-wiU-probably
for-sale,
be incurred in advertising it is sure to-be taken-into-consideration by-the-Directors, and-if-they had your estimate
the total expenditure is likely to amount to, itof whatwould-no-doubt help them in coming to a decision. If-youwiU make-an-appointment for-some day next-week
Ishall-be-glad-to see-you, and it-is just-possible that I-maybe-able to-give you some further-particulars. Meanwhile,
I-have-the-pleasure to enclose
copy of-the Directors'Report published last month. Yours-faithfuUy.
(190)
|
Exercise 137.
We
We
LEGAL PHRASES,
TI228
CHAPTER
LEGAL
259
XXXVIII.
PHllASES.*
Central Criminal Court
Actual damage
circumstaiitiiil
V.
affidavit
evidence
and order
Circuit Court
articles of
agreement
City Court
%^
^
J?,
..:.
.y^^^,.,^-
as to the matters
as to these matters
Common
Common
as to those matters
County Clerk
Bankruptcy Court
before
him
before
me
- [^
County Court
County Treasurer
ant
beneficial interest
'"-v-^
^^^
-.
of sale
^^^\/^
breach of promise
marriage
by
this action
by
this court
of
ix
bill
Called in his
beneficial estate
hiw
'~)^
[^_,
'*v.^4,,Q^
jury
own behalf
'^"^
.-^
plaiutifE
Court of Appeals
Court of Bankruptcy
Court of Claims
Court of Equity
Court of Justice
Court of Record
LEGAL PHRASES.
260
Court of
Special
H 228
Ses-
sions.
criminal jurisprudence
Deed
of settlement
deed of trust
defendant's testimony
direct evidence
General term
government
securities
direct examination
Grand Jury
District Attorney
gross receipts
Habeas Coipus
District Court
heirs, executors, administrators, aiiU assigns
i
do you mean to say
documentary evidence
If
Ecclesiastical Court
employer's liability
in this action
in this court
equity of redemption
in witness -whereof
Federal Court
fee simple
fiduciary capacity
final
decree
interlocutory decree
international law
Joint stock
joint stock
company
for defendant
judicial sale
for plaintiff
Judgment
for plaintiff.
261
LEGAL PHRASES.
^228
motion denied
IMunicipal Court
my
'
learned friend
Next
No,
of kin
sir
defendant
learned counsel for
notary public
tlie
plaintiff
^
Objection sustained
pris'oner
objected to by plaintiff
learned jiulgo
objected to by defendant
legal estate
offered in evidence
letters of administration
official
receiver
letters patent
of this action
letters
testamentary
life estate
U
t
Malice prepense
of this agreement
of
tliis
court
tlie
case
manslauglitcr
on thefollowinggrounds
marine insurance
may
may
4^
please
memorandum
summons
Party of the
it
first
part
Your
lionor
originating
il
part-
of agree-
ment
motion to dismiss
motion ffrauted
Patent
office
peculiar circumstances
of the case
LEGAL PHRASES.
262
penal offense
V7
jiersoual estate
Petit jury
11228
V<-
Surrogate's Court
^y'^
ig/-''^^
case
23laintiff's
counsel
plaiiitifi's
testimony
plaintiff's
witnesses
Police Court
power of attorney
V
...^..
trust funds
Underthecircumstances
preliminary injunction
of the case
Quit claim
Real estate
rebutting testimony
Ward
y\re-cross examination
yy
reversionary interest
right of
"
of the Court
warrant of attorney
what
is
your business
way
C-'^
Special jury
special license
I-
Tax deed
jilaintiff's
Supreme Court
^^'*-v<2
^>o
^--'^
&^
is
your place of
business
vvill
and testament
without prejudice
/'^^
wrongful possession
summary proceedings
^-^^
Yes,
Superior Court
"^^
Your Honor
sir
1[
LEGAL CORRESPONDENCE.
228
263
Exercise 138.
certificate
be
filed.
so little known, and the results of non-compliance so far-reaching, that we have taken the liberty of
notifying, in addition to our regular clients, others similarly situated, whose names have been brought to our attention.
Respectfully yours,
(108)
This law
is
Exercise 139.
Mr. James
(87)
Exercise 140.
Mr.
C. F.
Dear Sir:
ult.,
LEGAL CORRESPONDENCE.
264
^ 228
Yours
respectfully,
(155)
Exercise 141.
Mr.
S. L.
Barnes, Jacksonville,
Fla.
Exercise 142.
Mr.
We
We
Trusting this
will
be satisfactory, we are,
Yours very truly,
(126)
Exercise 143.
Mr.
LEGAL CORRESPONDENCE.
^ 228
exception of the
first
expense
bill
265
Exercise 144,
for
the examination of Charles Stevens in supplementary proceedings upon the judgment obtained by you. The order
was returnable this a.m. at 10.30. We attended at the
examination, and after proceeding with the same for an
hour, Mr. James agreed that, if the examination was adjourned for a month, he would, within a week, send me a
check for $75 on account, and shortly thereafter settle
the judgment. Your Mr. Johnson informed us that if the
matter could be finally closed, a concession would be made
to Mr. James upon the amount evidenced by the judgment,
and in order to procure a settlement of the same, we communicated that fact to him. As soon as the check is received,
we
will
forward
it.
Exercise 145.
Dear Sir:
for accepting
my
LEGAL CORRESPONDENCE.
266
^ 228
succeed, but I will do the best I can. You will get one-half
of whatever is realized.
Your prompt attention will obhge.
Yours very
truly,
(110)
Exercise 146.
J. L. Ball & Co., Cleveland, Ohio.
Gentlemen: Under separate cover I send you a copy of
the School laws of Nebraska, and call your particular attention to subdivision IS, "Text-books and Supplies." It
is my purpose to enforce strictly all the provisions of this
act, and at this time I desire to call your particular attention to sections 2, 6, 7 and 8. I herewith reject all bonds
now on file in this office under the provisions of section 2
of this act, and ask that a new Guaranty Bond be filed with
me in accordance with the provisions of this section and
act, and also the sworn statement of lowest prices, etc.
I feel impelled to demand a Guaranty Bond, because a
personal bond would be worthless to the State without
resident freeholders as securities, and it would be a great
inconvenience and source of much trouble to the schoolbook publishers to secure resident freeholders as securities.
I enclose blank forms of contract that have been and will
continue to be furnished by this department in accordance
with the provisions of section 7. Yours very truly, (191)
Messrs.
Exercise 147.
Mr.
We
We
by Monday or Tuesday.
you can, please send me statement of how
much stock was contributed by each party in the Martin
ficate of incorporation
As soon
as
If
LEGAL CORRESPONDENCE.
228
267
Exercise 148.
Messrs. Isaac Pitman & Sons,
2 West 45th Street, New York City.
Gentlemen: On October 22d last, 1901, the above numbered proposal bond was executed at your request for
furnishing and delivering books for the High Schools and
School Libraries of the Boroughs of Manhattan and the
Bronx for the Board of Education, City of New York.
Wlien you were last in here you stated that contract for
the above named supplies was awarded to you, but the
Board of Education had not advised you to call and execute
contract bonds for same. Will you kindly advise us how
Yours truly,
the matter stands, and oblige,
(108)
Exercise 149.
R. Reeves, Boston, Mass.
Dear Madam: The administrator and administratrix of
the defendant acknowledge the circumstance that they
have advertised in a commercial paper for the last week of
Mrs.
J.
Yours
respectfully,
(231)
INTERSECTIONS.
268
11229
CHAPTER
XXXIX.
INTERSECTIONS.
Fis employed
^m
?''//
in sucli phrases as
Republican party
'^
Democratic party
-^
Independent party
^^\
Populist party
Prohibition
V_j
depart-
Fire department
-\/b..
Police department
Post-Offlce department
Inquiry department
/^^
Legal department
f}A.
Life department
t_I_
in phrases like
Passenger department
\j^
/f
j'tarty
political party
ment
People's party
Labor party
Agricultural
Liberal party
--^
J) is
to represent
Purchasing department
State department
Treasury department
Medical department
)
>|-
Navy department
War department
^ 229
B may
269
INTERSECTIONS.
Graud Trunk R. R.
Illinois Central R.
11.
R. R.
is
"^^"^
Northern Pacific R. R.
W^
used to represent
Pennsylvania R.R.
Southern Pacific R. R.
society ; as
^'->VMissionary society
Bible society
VjXPhonograpliic society
Humane
[^ Temperance
^\
JMedical society
society
1^
Tract society
-V^^
society
titles like
New York
Steamship Co.
'"S^
Transportntion Co.
"~
James Smith
__^~^
[I
_^
& Co.
is
employed
Claims committee
Vj-LpFiuauce committee
Entertainment committee
Executive committee
issociatio7i
may be
s
erf"
1/
House committee
Judiciary committee
represented in
and
^ Bar association
-tioii
plirases
liook; tlms:
^|, Mutual
by the
circle
aid association
Sp
Building association
Improvement association
['-^
Temperance association
270
U229
Act
of
Assembly
High-water mark
)^
Act of Congress
Assembly chamber
V^-b
^_s>^
at owner's risk
Y""^
House of
Local
at sender's risk
IMember of Congress
jv- b
"^
Member of Legislature
board of directors
<\^
l^-^^
capital
punishment
Capt.
Caxton
Chamber
of
p
'T^-
" p
L_^^3^
"^^^
Commerce
Official
stenographer
Palace car
Phonetic Journal
City bank
>p
traffic
Major Jones
matter of form
Bill of lading
\^
New
Postmaster-General
York
City, County,
of
and State
President of the U. S.
New York
Professor
''\l_a_y
Representa-
tives
Col.
Morgan
Dixon
Quinquennial valuatioD
U-^
C^ \_
^\//
1
^^
V/-r
'^
Secretary of State
Custom House
Equitable Life
auce Society
Secretary of
/^a
Loan
Farmer's
Trust Co.
Senate chamber
and
General Manager
German-American
Burance Co.
War
Afsur-
Stock Exchange
United States
Vice-President
General Scofield
-/-y
Constitution of the U. S.
In-
271
NAMES OF STATES.
11229
NAMES OF STATES.
Alabama, Ala.
Montana, Mont.
Alaska, Alaska
Nebraska, Nebr.
Arizona, Ariz.
Nevada, Nev.
Arkansas, Ark.
New
California, Cal.
Canal Zone, C.
Hampshire, N. H.
New
...T
Z.
Colorado, Colo.
jrrfO..^
Connecticut, Conn.
Jersey,
N.
J.
New Mexico.N.Mex.^
New
York, N. Y.
NorthCarolina,N.C.
Delaware, Del.
District of Columbia, D. C.
Ohio, Ohio
Florida, Fla.
Oklahoma, Okla.
Georgia, Ga.
Oregon, Oregon
Idaho, Idaho
Pennsylvania, Pa.
lUinois,
Rhode
111.
Indiana, Ind.
Iowa, Iowa
'^Z
Kansas, Kans.
Island,
R.
I.
South Carolina,
S. C.
South Dakota,
Dak.
S.
a.
Maine, Maine.
Texas, Tex.
Utah, Utah
Vermont, Vt.
Maryland, Md.
Virginia, Va.
Massachusetts.Mass.
Washington, Wash.
Michigan, Mich.
Minnesota, Minn,
Mississippi, Miss.
Missouri,
Mo.
Tennessee, Tenn.
Kentucky, Ky.
Louisiana, La.
WestVirginia.W.Va.
''""f
Wisconsin, Wis.
Wyoming, Wyo.
PRINCIPAL CITIES.
272
11229
Toledo (Ohio)
(N. Y.)
Columbus (Ohio)
Louis (Mo.)
Boston (Mass.)
Baltimore (Md.)
>
V^
Cleveland (Ohio)
Worcester (Mass.)
Cincinnati (Ohio)
Omaha
(Cal.)
Memphis
(Tenn.)
Lowell (Mass.)
Newark
Albany (N. Y.
(N. J.)
Portland (Ore.)
Louisville (Ky.)
Atlanta (Ga.)
Minneapolis (Minn.)
""^^
v^
y^
I.)
Dayton (Ohio)
Richmond
(Va.)
Nashville (Tenn.)
Paul (Minn.)
(Colo.)
^~^''~\
GrandRapids(Mich.) ^ /\>
Indianapohs (Ind.)
Denver
~^"^-!>
Cambridge (Mass.)-
St.
Scranton (Pa.)
(Wis.)
Providence (R.
^^
(Neb.)
Orleans (La.)
Milwaukee
-k-^^
Joseph (Mo.)
Los Angeles
Detroit (Mich.)
J.)
Pittsburgh (Pa.)
....jp...
New
-Kl^
Allegheny (Pa.)
(111.)
Philadelphia (Pa.)
St.
CITIES.
"""4
Seattle (Wash.)
Hartford (Conn.)
Reading
(Pa.)
230-231
DISTINGUISHING OUTLINES.
CHAPTER
273
XL.
DISTINGUISHING OUTLINES.
The
230.
fact
English
the
that
very
language
contains
consonantal
structure was early recognized by the Inventor of Pitman's Shorthand, and provision was accordingly made
similar
by
distinguishing
scription of
constructed words.
these similarly
It
is,
studying
231. In
hnes,
the
of
list
distinguishing
out-
connection the following notes will be helpful as indicating the main lines upon which he should proceed
:
(a) The application of the ordinary rules of the system provides distinguishing outlines in the large ma-
state,
astray;
-V- situate;
....t>
sack,
.^
.4t=-.
C.
long,
..u...
station,
.W. along;
...J...
...S.
v....
stray,
..J...
situation;
while,
zf...
274
DISTINGUISHING OUTLINES.
awhile;
.L\.......
weight,
....(/
meadow;
crater,
^::^..
curator;
Tartary.
Y...K..
When outlines have the same consonantal strucand they vary only in the vowel, the application
(b)
ture,
generally
position-writing
of
mead,
...^
Tartar,
Lr:^..
</\ weighty;
^ 231
thus,
tinction;
take,
...A
took;
.1
stare,
-.T!j
lock,
-^.
steer;
lake,
C.
.L
fr.ZIZ.
talk,
look.
If
(c)
star,
'.
necessary dis-
the
gives
vowel
is
many, to distinguish
it
is
..i^
(d)
Words
differing
\^yf^.
(e)
in
7nost,
of
the
accent,
from
.^^%.
..-^-^^^
amicably;
^-^
money;
sent,
must.
same consonantal
structure,
have distinguishing
property,
by
send;
-S:
from
/^i
from
amicable,
divers,
[/f....
outlines,
diverse;
but
as in
--\^.
propriety.
DISTINGUISHING OUTLINES.
^ 231-232
3^. unavoidable,
egard,
salutary,
^.....\
P....I/..
275
inevitable;
.....v,
regret;
solitary;
-y
/fZ....
-o-
thus;
fully,
secret,
sacred;
(J) When < or d is immediately preceded by a diphthong and a vowel, distinguishing outUnes are secured
'n
.^T^-, fluctuate,
diadem,
quiet,
or d respectively, as in .^.
fiat,
.^\^ punctuate.
guishing vowel.
Want
be
be found
made
on
the
forbids
distinguishing
will
lists
to
space
of
of
lists
sufficient
persons
work of a stenographer.
a more complete list of
referred
will
ject,
and
ulated
mon
the
to
find
very
a
in
addition
use.
Vowels,
and
less
complete
following
demands hkely
in
distinguishing
the
desire
ordinary
to
see
outlines
are
in which
they
treatment of the subfamihar words are tab-
Assi'^tant
the words
the
the
of
the
Those who
exhaustive
to
for
but
engaged
Reporters'
which the
in
inclusion
outlines,
prefix
which are
con-,
com-,
commarked
in
distinguishing outlines.
276
'Distinguishing Outlines.
pibl
.\.
ptk
optic;
poetic
-J^
aptness;
...^..
ptrf
...n/V_ petrify;
ptrfkshn
\/S^._^ petrifaction;
ptm
..-^
pkr
.2^<r7
pettiness
putrefy
patron;
^ V putrefaction
pattern
packer,
..N
1.
computable;
pitiable
ptns
pstr
Section
^[232
.\<r pecker,
V-
picker;
epicure
cow^positor,
...^
pastry;
pasture,
....P..^
posture
pshnt
psshn
..H-
..^.
opposition,
opener;
jmr
-^\_^
pljr
So
pledger;
plsd
.^-
placid;
.\^
\
.^...1
SB~i> placeman;
pr
\^.
S/.^.
possession,
.\^.
position
pioneer;
\^^^.1.
penury
plagiary;
\^.
pillager
palsied,
\/^^. policeman
Si J
pellucid
plsmn
prps
.^
.\^^^^;;^-
XZ^
purpose;
perhaps, propose
palisade,
If
DISTINGUISHING OUTLINES.
232
prpr
proper;
prpn
appropriate;
277
prepare
..\^....^
..!\ .v1
property;
prprshn
appropriation;
partake;
prtk
.^^^CT.. operatic,
.^^ protect;
pr^kt
preparation
.-\^..^
../^ ...
product,
pr^kshn
d
protection;
prtv
prtn
^.
comparative;
opportune,
prtnd
pertained,
-A
prtr
..Z^\-
--
?N.
portico
..^;
predict
prediction
.^..V operative
\y:::Tf..
pertain,
appertain
portend;
appertained,
pretend
aperture;
.!\<^
operator;
portray;
.N/.L
..
.^^v_^...
porter;
parterre
Exercise 150.
[Introducing words in Section
1.]
pellucid eye
is
dimmed;
deadened;
UISTINGUISHING OUTLINES.
278
^ 232
The whole
the rule.
man becomes
of-sufficient tenderness.
He-may,
could produce meat
perhaps, become a pledger, a plagiary, or even-the pillager
of a porpoise skin from-some placeman or policeman, forth.e-purpose-oi obtaining means
to purchase the poison
he desires. True, he-may-propose to-return-the property
when-he-comes
upon an appropriate occasion,
back to-the
paths oi-propriety, but his preparation for-the appropriaproperty
purport
of-histion of another's
would belie the
words, and-none would believe him. It-is of comparative
insignificance whether a man be an operative in a factory,
a porter on-the railway, an operator in a telegraph-office,
the designer of a parterre in-the park, or of a beautiful
cannot partake of-the poisons
portico in-the-city
hereferred to without danger. He-may-be the principal in
an operatic company, or an artist able-to portray nature
with-the utmost fidelity indulgence is equally dangerous
for-him. It-is useless to-pretend that-the beginning of-the
as-it-were, an
It-is,
habit does-not portend-the end.
expands, and-it-is frequently the
aperture that soon
opener, or pioneer of-the road that leads to penury. Worst
of all, it-may petrify-the heart, and-there-will-be petriUniversal
there-should-be benefaction.
faction where
excess would undoubtedly destroy or putrefy society, and
general putrefaction would end in total annihilation.
On-Thursday last we attended a lecture on TariffReform at-our local Progressive-Club. The chair was
occupied by-our president, and our secretary, who-hasbeen in Germany recently, dehvered a very interesting
He-said this-is
a very opportune moment
discourse.
for-the study of-the-subject oi-the-products of-our land,
and how we-can protect our interests. People of-other
productions and-interests,
lands are protecting-their
and-it-is high time we gave closer-attention to-protection.
Whether a man is a hop picker or is connected with ailto-commerce it-is equally
that pertains or appertains
important, and-each should give-the-matter its proper
place in-his politics and-prepare himself for-the electing
(538)
of a local representative.
|
distinguishing outlines.
^ 232
Distinguishing Outlines.
Section
2.
ipproach,
prch
279
^^s/l..
porch, perch
prfr
prefer;
.X^T.
proffer;
...^^^
porphyry.
..l^r^.j.
periphery
prvd
-^
r.st
..^..
provide;
pervade
.'^\^..
.x^.
poorest;
purest;
M.
parasite,
\y^. pursuit
prskt
...J?z.
prskshn
prsr
-"Vv
prosecute;
../^^v<fZ..
%--n prosecution;
persecute
.\^^,?:o
oppressor;
presser,
persecution
\^..^.. purser;
prsn
.^Si_^
person, .%j-
parison,
--
.\^-7:c:.
prsnt
.^ISq^ present,
prsl
..A... parcel,
Parisian
.^^y^....
parasol,
\^....
perusal
prsh
..XZ. Prussia;
prshn
....Ai
perish, Persia
Prussian, oppression;
sian,
prmnnt
..:.v/
..^;cr:^r:C:r..
..?\-
\/... portion,
Per-
apportion
prominent,
-^^^c:;;::;::^:;"
pre-eminent
permanent,
280
DISTINGUISHING OUTLINES.
prns
prnss
.?\..
prnns
\^^^ pronounce;
princes;
1[
poorness;
\^y^.
232
pure-
..V^ princess
!j>^-^
ness
prls
.^.-_.. paralyze,
btf
...s
beautify; ?S
bls7n
.?^C>.
blossom ;^!L
brb
brbr
..^?\^ briber;
brk
less,
.X/..... perilous;
.^s^-^- peer-
^S.
beatify
balsam
barb
bribery; \r^^\/f.. Barbary
brick, brook;
.^
bark, barrack
brkr
^Sfrrr.
brth
breaker, broker;
.?^^:_
barker
N/A
berth,
birth
Exercise 151.
[Introducing words in Section
2.]
DISTINGUISHING OUTLINES.
^ 232
which-the author
may
proffer.
281
beauty
wisdom and
learning.
(492)
distinguishing outlines.
282
Distinguishing Outi-ines.
brl
..^y....
barley;
-V^^
bndrii
\y
Section
.^!M.. barrel,
\^.
barely;
abundant;
...^
if
.^vf
232
3.
burial;
barilla
abandoned
tshn
...[....
tmpr,
l^v^..
temperate;
tnshn
-Lj?
tension, attention;
Titian, contusion;
tuition
...Lc\
tempered
l_^- attenuation.
continuation
inni
...J^
tenant;
Inr
cL^.
tanner,
continent,
}::^::^.
...
<i_^
\~^- continuant
-L
tenor,
tuner;
tenure
Mr
h-
traitor,
treater;
''i
.^Nv
.1
trj'
Q.... trifle;
trst
.J...
contrast,
irshn
..1,..
contrition,
travel;
...L.
\f^.....
dt
...]..-
tarrier,
date,
-T....
trivial
traced, trust,
attrition;
[/?..
..1..
truest
tertian,
LcC. iteration
contortion;
irr
Tartar;
hrr:^^..
"X
debt,
...I...
duty,
ditt^/;
L^.-
....l\
tearer
doubt
dtr
...L.
daughter, awditor,
...L.
doubter;
dhis
-.L..
deter,
detriment;
v:tr?..
.V...
debtor;
...L^. editor;
auditory,
dtrmn^
283
DISTINGUISHING OUTLINES.
^ 232
L^
dietary,
detour
.1
determined
.L^....
advance,
.L_p defence,
deafness;
diaphanous,
d^r
J....
adverse;
dvrs
J...
divers,
dstn
X...
destine;
dst^ shun
ng
dskvr
dss
...[.
dssK
dlt'^
..J...
distinctibn
discovery
(v.);
.1..
disuse
(n.);
-i- decease
diseased;
.L^.. dilatory;
...L.
....J_^s^
disuse
diocese,
divorce
discover;
.Y^..
drs,
/.devour;
diverse,
...Ir
-L?
'
disease,
v..
...I
destiny
L...
destination;
...v.
Ir^. defer,
defier
l^
J-^
defiance
..I-
.1
.JL.l. idolatry;
idolater
dilator,
deceased;
^..^
diluter
.[/I
dressed, addressed;
addator,
dearest
..
desist
DISTINGUISHING OUTLINES.
284
^<
L:..
giant;
<L-i
agent;
J.....
.Ui. giants;
giantess
jntl
jntr
...-C
kptr
.....^\^..
kil
.(.....
genitor;
...-in
captor;
actual;
...J
Gentile
geniture
capture
actually,
.tt'.
actress;
? actors,
ktrs
^ 232
..^^..
acutely
cateress;
...\^. cauterize
nn'^^^^- cavalier
caviller;
kvlr
...._Sr.
ks%l
'ZS/L.. accessible;
kstnshn
i^Xj? extension;
cost, cast;
n_3
..
kltr
/..
eclipse;
clatter;
excoriate
/...
execration;
excoriation
exercise;
.
caused
....'.
excursion,
Q
ksrss
kips
.T!X_^ extenuation
,^ execrate;
kskrt
kskrshn
excisable
...^...
d <)-
zzr....^.
..71
exorcize
coUapse
culture
Exercise 152.
[Introducing words in Section
3.]
^ 232
285
DISTINGUISHING OUTLINES.
my
to cauterize the
distinguishing outlines.
286
Distinguishing Outlines.
clock,
klk
..
if
Section
cloak,
click;
232
4.
colic,
rrJ..
calico
klm
.-^
climb,
.^r^.
klmt
.c
climate;
klmnt
calumet;
..'b..
culminate;
calamity
\yf corporeal
court,
-cr-
cart,
krt
.ir>...
Av- calumniate
y. corporal;
krprl
acclaim, claim;
curate,
create;
curate;
rrrr:.]
carat,
ac-
charta;
f^Zl
cruet
^jX
^^
carter,
Z-^
mcT.
crater, Creator;
^ ^
carrier,
currier, curator,
....L
courtier,
yC...
."vl...
creature
krd
concord,
accord,
concurred;
cared,
...c-
card,
cord,
occurred,
chord,
.^
!iZl
credence;
krj
.../.--
courage;
gdns
^^^
accordance
ttt^T..
goodness;
garden;
grdn
/I curried
carried,
krdns
carriage
....<?.
....J
guidance
guardian,
Gordian,
...J
guerdon
gr^J-
Q'TV^
J^... greatly;
<r='
If
DISTINGUISHING OUTLINES.
232
grnt
T7^
fktr
/^
grantee;
.rrrr^....
guarantee;
S^TT^ factor;
.-TTTrj...
factory
.N-^ favorite
..V-
favored;
fskl
-W
physical;
fiscal
fnrl
K:^-
funereal;
-^^
funeral
fin
K:. fallen;
Jlng
S^.
frin
.S^^.
frthr
7S^\- further;
frthst
-V, furthest;
frsh
...J
frm
.>Tt^
\j^.
falling
felon
failing,
felling,
.V^
fortune;
.Srn
farther
.!^r::>...
.^A
farthest
.Sc7>.
.^^^7:/....
)s-^.
firm, affirm,
am
former;
.V-^.
farmer; ...V^
.^r:^
frnt
...Tb
framer;
firmer
formerly;
..^::r;^
.^ formal-ly, .V^^
firmly
Sms
feeling,
following
filling; .^.
A^^
granite;
garnet
/^^"^
frmr
287
front, confront;
...1o
affront
(airnes.
.^
288
frivrd
DISTINGUISHING OUTLINES.
...V~j/
^f
232
.^
j.dnt
^dns
evident;
confident
vd
fdntl
,.^ evidently;
eventually
S-._^
vstr
vlbl
vlshn
.Xp
vestry;
S^....
>'...> valuable,
vrt
.S^
avert;
-Sv^
^''J
vrs
sprt
..Vd
V.
vileness
convolution,
overt, convert;
.^^i
virtue;
.S^,
S^.\ verity
variety,
converge, verge
averse, converse;
_.\v/ support,
available
volition,
convulsion
...L
7- average,
..\
stt
\^j^-
visitor
i.
..v,
..v_
violence;
...v^-/.
vesture,
voluble;
SJ\... violation,
evolution;
vlns
-^-^ confidently;
...^
V.^. avers
verse;
suppurate;
.I^s
separate;
spirit
_.L. statue,
..[....
state,
satiety;
ousted;
statuette
..1.
...j?...
stout;
estate,
...L.
statute,
.[..
..)...
situate,
astute,
constitute,
289
DISTINGUISHING OUTLINES.
^ 232
sitd
...l...
seated;
std
...L
stead,
...?.,...
staid,
study,
situated
stood, steed;
J...
stwdio;
...L.
sighted,
.-.[..
steady,
..L..
seated,
suited
stshn
....J
station, citation;
...J.
situation
Exercise 153.
[Introducing words in Section
4.]
290
DISTINGUISHING OUTLINES.
^ 232
engagements unharmed, and he affirmed his firm conviction that-this-would form no exception.
His dream the
night before seemed to confir?n his
behef that-he-would
yet retire to a farm and conform to-the civil law as he had
to-the mihtary. He-might even be heard in-the national
and who knew but what-he-might become a
forum,
In-no-way forward or froward,
factor and -own a factory f
Blake was favored by-the officers and a favorite ofthe
men. He-was steady, fond oi-study, and had a spirit thatwould support him in-any station or situation. He read
an order as-if-it-were a citation. When Private Wood's
wound began to supp^irate, and-they-had to separate him
from-the rest, it-was staid Blake who stood by him and
acted in-the stead of a nur.se. A man of verity, he showed
his virtue in a variety of-ways, and if-he-could-not convert
a bad tempered man he-could always avert
his wrath.
Keen sighted and a fine rider, he-was best suited when
seated on-his steed, where he sat firm as a granite rock.
He wore an eighteen carat gold ring, set with a garnet,
which, with a silver cruet, had-been given him by his
|
paused for
rest.
distinguishing outlines.
^ 232
Distinguishing Outlines.
'
si^
JL^.
satire;
....}..
star,
Section
starry,
.J...
Austria,
story;
estuary;
steer;
stray;
..!..
astray;
-J...
)/
austere;
5.
.^
stare,
.rT^
c^.
ff^..
291
i^-
astir,
...1.
oyster,
ceased,
seized,
,A..
society,
Easter
strktr
sdrj
sklptr
structure;
..J
-tiPi--
-f- considerate;
^Z\^.. sculptor;
.>.o
sculpture
<T-
secret;
'^
sst
...J.
sayest,
essayist,
sacred
assist;
sUr
Zl^.
sentry;
solitary,
.fZ.....
shr
^. sure;
consist;
.3...
...k1 sanitary,
..}L..
V.
siesta
.J...
considered
...1.
s&rj
sntr
stricture
.....q
centre, senator
^^.. conciliatory;
psaltery, salutary;
_/...
share,
century;
sanatoria,
shore,
....6
-^...
shower, assure
shrtnd
Tnpshn^
jr::..
..'^~^^..
shortened;
....
impassioned;
shorthand
^^-^.....
sultry;
solitaire
b..\
impatient
sheer,
292
DISTINGUISHING OUTLINES.
mgrshn
...^~^r-^
mn
many,
mntn
my
maintain;
own,
.-.^^i_y
monster,
mnstr
...<:
virdrs
...c
K...
murder;
....^-^^^
minister !^.
minster,
monastery
c:^.....
murders;
money
mountain
....^Z3
ministry;
mrdr
^ 232
mar?,uder
murderess;
mur-
derous
._\
^^We
noble;
...l...
notable
U^ indefinite;
ndjnl
-y- endless;
ndls
njns
-"tlo
nv^bl
undefined
."^TTt^
needless
ii^gsnious; .-.(_^
^^ZS^. unavoidable;
nsstnt
insistent;
J.-
ingenuous
s,..
inevitable
inconsistent;
....J
unsus-'
tained
nmnkltr
Ibr^
nomenclator;
^_---_<
l^_
labored,
/d!N
Ibrshn
Ikl
/^.jO liberation;
liberate;
nomenclature
O^.. elaborate;
libretto
likely,
alcohol;
^swli
..y:^..
/^.\.r...
CZC..
elaboration
luckily;
CZ__
r r alkali
frrrr/....
local;
./C
DISTINGUISHING OUTLINES.
^ 232
learned {v);
Irnd
C7....
rtsns
(.St?.,
learned {adj)
l7..
righteousness,
293
/l;_p
riotousness,
reti-
cence
re
n
ng
^.u rotten,
..A routine;
..../\ retain,
writ-
r&m
'"s/j^^
.y^?^.
regard
^^.... racers,
.<c5_..
'ws^
^^^
/..
....J
racehorse
earnest
rdkl
(..L^. radical;
rfr
^.....
.A..../^..
ridicule
..^... referee;
refer,
-/I.J\
rougher,
...^r:^
reefer
V*
reverse;
y!^... refers,
^^
rovers,
-^-^
rivers;
rjns
vol
^..... reference;
^..^. rival,
y\^
rvlr
./v.
/\jZ. reverence
^?^ revel;
q....
reveal
reviler,
-/K^
revealer;
<^..Z....
rivalry,
.^^i\^ reveller
TOT
-/\^,^^.
wis
....e/C
hmn
revere, reviewer;
/\~^.. reverie
Hymen, human,
..-a^
humane
DISTINGUISHING OUTLINES.
294
_C. HoUand,
hind
^ 232
^C.
Highland;
,h^
Holy
Land
-T^.
hr
hearty; cs__
hardy
hardly
,J\.^ heartily;
hr^l
hm
JS. hereon;
_.\ horn,
J\_^
d^.
hernia,
...\rr<
horny,
^^,^ herein;
<s;L__
heron;
heroine
Exercise 154.
[Introducing words in Section
5.]
Dear Walter:
local
for
murder, with a
list
DISTINGUISHING OUTLINES.
^ 232
295
upon him and makes him enjoy his siesta at noon. Hehas travelled a good deal in-the Holy Land, and wouldnot go astray in-any country in-the-world. He boasts the
an ancient psaltery, given him by-somepossession of
His
friends in Austria, whom he visits every Easter.
duties on-the paper are somewhat indefinite and undefined,
but they consist mainly of contributing essays on history
and literature, though he-is expected to assist the editor
when required. He-is a very considerate man, and-his
style is considered excellent.
He-is
very humane, with
strong human feelings, and-endeavors to advance in
righteousness every-day. He-is remarkable for-his reticence
and-his abhorrence of riotousness of-every kind. It-is
my-own opinion, and-the opinion oi-many others, that-hewill make both money and-fame in-the-profession he-has
chosen. I hear he-is to-take-up the yoke of Hymen nextweek. The lady is a Miss Holland, daughter of a horny
handed son of toil, and he-met her during a Highland
tour last summer.
She was, by-the-way, the heroine of
quite a romantic adventure in a search for herons' eggs.
But herein lies a story which I-will resume when I-seeyou. Suffice it to say that hereon rests the beginning
of-the affection which-is to be finally cemented next-week.
I-think-the finest thing in-the article Ihave-seni-you
is-the description of-the departure of-the pilgrims for-the
Holy Land. They all-wear the pilgrim's badge a shell,
not unlike-the shell of an
oyster and-there-are repre|
SIGNIFICANT MARKS.
296
CHAPTER
H 233
XLI.
233. Significant
the
speech,
condensed
or a good
misunderstanding.
below:
cript
MiSHEARiNGS,
certain
ter,
or
of
marks
When
and
report,
the
a word
shorthand
written
circle
drawn
he has
should be
cross
has
note-taker
be
placed
by a
indicated
prevent
to
writer
the
caret
word,
(...)
not
has
round
under it.
hear
to
failed
or
whether
a
should
The use
ETC.
distinctly,
not,
notes
significant
facilitate
heard
taking
certain
found
be
will
In
right
been
unone or
is
the
charac-
When
the
the
omission
placed
under
A"
line.
written.
Errors.
In
cases
may
failed
be
to
indi-
mark
y\
should be
made on
the margin of
the note-book.
Reference
speech
are
reauired,
Marks.
taken,
When
but
verbatim notes of a
condensed report is
stroke should be made
only
perpendicular
233
IT
SIGNIFICANT MARKS.
297
in
an
important
sirable
of
speech
or
may
discourse
//
sentence
incorporate
to
When
the
be
or
in
which
passage
completion
indicated
it
portion
end
of a
two
strokes,
thus
of
by
de-
is
The
summary.
the
may be
written.
etc.
Quotations
from
well-known
such as the Bible or Shakspere, familiar to
the reporter, need not be WTitten fiilly if time presses.
It will suffice to write the commencing and concluding words with quotation marks and a long
dash between, thus "The quality of mercy
seasons justice."
A long dash may be used to de-
Quotations,
sources,
note
the
instead
of
repetition
writing
of
certain
them
each
by a speaker,
words
time,
as
true,
in
the
la-
honest,
just," etc.
between
document
write
in,
H 233-234
SIGNIFICANT MARKS.
298
thus
parentheses,
large
is
put
in
{lA)
Applause,
descriptive
dience,
theses:
no,
of
hear,
.rrX-
sensation,
....9-e
or
....^-.^
.^. applause,
\^...
laughter,
L.S^...
jective,
hear, hear,
.r\_^.
adjectives,
uproar,
.../..
.^.
descriptive
no,
chair,
...v_^^w^
cheers,
.../..
hisses.
of
The
the kind
no,
of
adap-
would
note-taker
the
was
plause
continued
till
....f^:.
.^
1...
know
not
it
had
in
that
lasted
reporting,
the
for
ap-
some
time.
234.
Shorthand
shorthand
is
in
generally
Practice.
acquired
As
for
the
use
art
in
of
some
occupation, various books have been prepared by the pubhshers of the present work with
a view of furnishing assistance to the phonographer
when entering on a particular course of practical
Shorthand is largely used in the comemployment.
special
the
indispensable
ticians,
railway,
to
mihtary
the
men,
scientists,
authors,
and
oth-
1[
299
SIGNIFICANT MARKS.
234-236
and many
which the art is in daily
Skill in the kinemployment, might be mentioned.
dred art of typewriting is also very generally required in connection with the occupations mentioned
ers,
shorthand ability
similar
fields
above;
this
that
it
is
of
is,
labor,
usually expected,
is
in
now
indeed,
so
generally
recognized,
it
here.
find
shelf
his
or
own
in
his
use.
desk
certain
The most
doubtedly a good
English
work
books
of
indispensable
Dictionary.
reference
work
Next
for
unin imis
if
his
is
of
GRAMMALOGUE8.
300
^ 236-238
Grammalogues.
With the exception
236.
Scripture,
of
ye,
shall,
their
gramma-
the
logues
the preceding
in
memorize
the
exercises.
signs
the
for
logues.
337.
feature of a logogram
distinctive
that
is
it
attachment.
Logograms are divided into two classes: Regand Irregular. A regular logogram represents
the consonants of a grammalogue, and is written
338.
ular
all
more than
if
thus,
...J...
logograms.
regular
may
line,
one,
not represent
_Si above,
which
logograms,
Irregular
the consonants in a
logue, are arranged in the following classes:
or
(a)
all
correct position, as
...L.
*<,.,
may
gramma-
wi'itten
.,eral, <^..
in
the
**e.,
text-book
as
(c)
Those
of
irrespective
line,
be,
(d)
I... it,
...I ..
frequent
of
do,
the
.../..
order
to
avoid
possible
^-N
as
....)..
in
strict
accordance with
are,
on
the
great;
....c-
.-^
rules,
occurrence
was,
of
.-^. over,
.J
...I...
deliver;
their
clashing
truth,
J....
and
proper
with
position
some
^r-s
me,
written
much,
more.
in
others,
GRAMMALOGUES.
Grammalogues
301
.
a or
called
an.
able
above
accord-ing
advantage
ago
ah
I
all
and
any
apply
approve
are
as
at
aught
awe
ay
(yes)
aye
balance
balanced
balances
be
because
been
behalf
belief-ve-d
beyond
build-ing
but
buy
by
<5all
reference.
302
303
GRAMMALOGUES.
spirit
strength
subject-ed
subjection
subjective
suggest-ed
suggestion
suggestive
sure
..?s....
thus
thyself
till
..J....
towards
surprised
thank-ed
to
to be
told
too
surprise
tell
though
threw
through
,...f....
trade
tried
..)....
true
truth
try
them
..<....
two
themselves
.<,....
under
that
the
their
there
therefore
these
they
..)....
us
...c...
was
third
those
usual-ly
valuation
very
thing
think
this
up
upon
..X...
way
we
what
->- when
whether
Contractions
304
abandonment
abstraction
abstractive
-.y
'\.
-\
.^
acknowledge
acknowledged
acknowledgment
catholic
certificate
character
\i_j-
characteristic
altogether
^.
....c~^^-s...
-c^n^^..
antagonist-ic
[ism
anything
covenant
-^
arbitrament
.A^:
'I
[tion.
archbishop
'
danger
dangerous
defective
deficient-cy
-^
-^Xr-
architect-ure-al
aristocra^^y-atic
assignment
atonement
U.I
attainment
u.._
bankruptcy
commercial
contentment
contingency
cross-examinacross-examine-d
arbitrary
arbitrate
arbitration
arbitrator
auspicious
circumstantial
controversy -ial
-
appointment
astonish-ed-ment
bondservant
cabinet
Calvinism
capable
captain
agriculture-al
applicable-ility
baptize-d-st-ism
benevolent-ce
benign ant-ity
bondsman
administrate
administration
administrative
administrator
administratrix
advertise-d-ment
amalgamate
amalgamation
degeneration
delinquency
delinquent
democracy-atic
demonstrate
demonstration
denomination-al
denominationalism
305
CONTRACTIONS.
depreciate-d
depreciatory
description
destruction
destructive
destructively
:E
Episcopalian-ism.
especial
esquire
establish-ed-
ment
dethronement
difficulty
evangelical
dignify-ied-ty
everything
dilapidate-d-ion
exchange-d
disappointment
discharge-d
disinterested-
k
}
ness
displeasure
disproportion-ed
disproportionate
dissimilar
efficient-cy
electric
electrical
electricity
emergency
England
expenditiu'e
....tt:?.
expensive
extemporaneous
A.
ic.
distinguish-ed
doctrine
ecclesiastic-al
executive
executor
executrix
expect-ed
expediency
-J-
disrespect
disrespectfiil
3^ _
entertainment
enthusiast-ic-ism
extinguish-ed
extraordinary
extravagant-
ITL-v....
.....TTX^^...
-
ance
.!3.
S^,
c
^
falsification
^>
familiar-ity
V^^
familiarization
-V.'-^
familiarize
..S-^--^^...
....
February
>-^
financial
s.^-'....
govern-ed
...TTV-
English
government
..TTv^-x.
Englishman
henceforth
enlarge
enlarged
henceforward
howsoever
enlargement
identical
enlarger
immediate
enlightenment
imperfect-ion
<s^ >-
.c<C?~%^.
....cr\
^^^
306
CONTRACTIONS.
.V-^j^..
ironmonger
imperturbable
impracticable
impregnable
irrecoverable
irregular
irremovable
ixnprobable-ility
\=
-.
^^^
..7!^.
incandescence
incandescent
incapable
....^r^.
irrespective
....."^t^...
irrespectively
.....~V.
..^TT^Z^
irresponsible-
....TX>rr...
inconsiderate
inconvenience-t
incorporated
indefatigable
....^^-..-
January
independent-ce
-"^>i=
.TV
[ility
</n...
d^
journalistic
....^V......
-^-
^^
inefficient-cy
..^Lx_^
knowledge
'::>-
.TTS...
influential
legislature
^...
magnetic-ism
manufacture-d
manufacturer
manuscript
...^TI^..
marconigram
..^r!^\^~N
mathematical-s
insignificance
...^t7\~^..
mathematician
maximum
insignificant
insufficient-cy
insurance
intelligence
intelligent
intelligiblo
interest
interested
inform-ed
informer
inspect-ed-ion
insubordinateion
a(^...
-V^
legislative
.^_^
</
jurisdiction
jurisprudence
indescribable
indignant-ion
indiscriminate
indispensable
individual
..
-O
journalism
v_c
mechanical
melancholy
messenger
....^nx_^.
Methodism
...
..^Tr!x
ay
...
k-..
...^Z^^..Y....
/..
metropolitan
minimum
^.V.....
^..
....J.
introduction
investigation
....^?r\e
investment
...^^TT^^
..
.TL
i-....S>
....
ministration
ministry
minstrel
misdemeanour
misfortune
misrepresent-ed
monstrosity
L
.T
KT....
I
'^
-^-s^^X...
CONTRACTIONS.
monstrous
mortgage-d
phonographic
platform
n,
plenipotentiary
neglect-ed
negligence
practicable
practice
practise-d
prejudice-d-ial
never
nevertheless
nonconformist
nonconformity
nothing
notwithstanding
preliminary
prerogative
Presbyterian ism
preservation
November
probable-ility
object-ed
objection
objectionable
objective
obscurity
observation
obstruction
obstructive
production
productive
proficient-cy
project-ed
oneself
organization
organize-d
organizer
orthodox-y
parliamentarian
parliamentary
passenger
peculiar-ity
perform -ed
performer
performs-ance
perpendicular
perspective
philanthropist
philanthropy-ic
..w..
^y\^
relinquish-ed
I
\j^
I
phonographer
'\^_.
proportion-ed
proportionate
prospect
prospective
prospectus
public
publication
publish-ed
publisher
questionable
ratepayers
recognisance
recoverable
reform-ed
reformation
reformer
regular
remarkable
remonstrance
307
308
reraonstrant
remonstrate
removable
represent-ed
representation
representative
reproduction
reproductive
republic
republican
CONTRACTIONS.
telegram
telegraphic
thankful
thanksgiving
thenceforward
together
[tion
transubstantiatribunal
unanimity
unanimous
repugnance-ant
unconstitutional
resignation
unexpected
respect-ed
respectful
vmiform-ity
respective
respectively
uninteresting
universal
responsible-ility
universality
resurrection
Universalism
retrospect
retrospection
retrospective
retrospectively
reverend
universe
university
unprincipled
unquestionable
unsatisfactory
uninfluential
satisfactory
unselfish-ness
sensible-ly-ility
unsubstantial
singular
unsuspected
unsympathetic
vegetarian
vegetarianism
whatever
something
stranger
stringency
subscribe-d
subscription
substantial
sufficient-cy
suspect-ed
sympathetic
tabernacle
whenever
whensoever
whereinsoever
wheresoever
whithersoever
yesterday
INDEX.
The figures
refer to the
daptations of Phonography to
foreign languages, paj/eiv
All, the logogram, joined initially,
174
Alphabet, the, 8; summary of,
page 11
Alternative forms for initiallyhooked curves, 95
?.
Analo3v
representation
h, 124;
h, 122;
tick h to rer, 137(e); to mp, tnb,
137(f)
tick h in phraseographv,
122(e); dot h, 123; h following
another stroke, 124(e), 125(d),
126; summary of chapter on,
Aspirate, the,
IG;
121-6; downstroke
upstroke /(, 125; tick
of,
page 98
Aw, the vowel, joined initially, 53
Business letters, page 252
Business phrases and contractions,
page 251-8
Centenary Edition, page iii
Ch and ray, 21, 38-9
mon,
and loops to
110-14;
page 88
summary
final
hooks,
of chapter on,
Lv^iicenlration,
importance
of.
initial,
51-3; joined
final,
54;
Circles
mentioned.
Consonants, table of, page 4; defined, 9; arrangement and representation of, 9-17; pairs of, 17;
size of, IS; double, 80-95; compound, 136-8; compound consonants which cannot be halved,
144; summary of chapter on,
page 11; omitted in phraseography, 227 (a)
Contents, page ix
Continuants, 12
Contractions,
185-8; classified,
185; general contractions, 1868: summary of chapter on, page
171; special contractions, 217-8;
arranged phonetically, in sections, pages 199-214; summary
of chapter on, page 217; alphabetical list, pages 320-324
Diphones, 157-9; defined, 157;
use of, 158-9; summary of
chapter on, page 139
Diphonic signs, 157
Diphthongs, defined, 49; four com-
indi-
cate, 195
Cjoice of outlines, 196
Circle s and z, 62-6 (see also s and
circle)
z, small
in phraseography, 222 (a)
is
206
309
;.
and
;;
;
INDEX
310
to phraseography, 147,
225; summary of rules on, pages
115 and 122
Here, there, where, compounds of,
(a)
Errors, 233
Examination
of witnesses, 233
Explodents, 10
F and n hooks, final, 100-7; medial, 108; not used finally, 106;
not used medially, 108; summary of chapter on, page 82; in
phraseography, 224
F or V hooks, not used to curves,
105
Figures, representation of, 195
Fl, etc., alternative forms for,
when used, 95
Foreign Consonants and Vowels,
V.H (b)
forms
alternative
used, 95
etc.,
when
Grammalogues,
and
42
for,
pages
plied
184
89
89
(b)
(a)
how
-inglij,
page 72
Initiallv-hooked forms representing syllables, 92, 154, 156 (b)
Intersections, defined and illustrated, 229, list of, pages 268-70
Irish
Consonants and Vowels,
194 (a)
Legal Phrases, panes 259-262
Legal Correspondence, pages 26367
Left Motion, meaning of, 63; and
loop,
st
and
74;
and
str
loop,
76;
94 and
hook / or
;
/ or !i,
Left semicircle for wi, joined,
1G4 (e)
L hook, to straight strokes, 82;
how named, 84; vocalization of,
85; to curves, 90; circles and
loops prefixed to, 99; alternative
for,
214
Ln, direction for writing, 107
Logograms, 42 and pages 316-9;
defined, 42; classification of, 242;
regular
and
311
tinctive feature of, 241; list of,
panes 317-9; s added to, 67; used
as prefixes, 174; used as suffixes,
183; and the position of outlines
how
Medial,
h.
124
(c),
125
(d),
126
(a)
114;
I,
r,
Mishearings, 233
of,
195
hooked, 137 (f); not used,
137 (f): tick h attached to, 137
(f )
cannot be halved, 144 (6)
and / hooks, final, 100-7; not
used finally, 106; used medially,
108; not used medially, 108;
summary of chapter on, page 82
Mp
Names
of
page 272
Names
of States
and
Territories,
'tier,
New
vii
(a)
and inconsistencies, 1
Organs of speech and phonographic alphabet, 10-16
Outlines, choice of, 196
Pen, method of holding, 4
Pen
or pencil, 3
17
Phonography, or Writing by
Sound, page iii; definition and
illustration of pngev, 1; stand,
262-86
Phraseography, 59-60; definition
59; characteristics of, 0);
the sign for i in, 60 (d); a firstposition logogram in, 60 (c)
advanced, how applied, 220;
circles in, 222; loops in, 223;
hooks in, 224; halving in, 225;
doubling in, 22G; omissions in,
227; lists in, section 1, page 222;
section 2, page 225; section 3,
page 229; section 4, page 233-4;
section 5, page 237-8; section 6,
page 241-2; section 7, page 246
Pitman, Sir Isaac, first treatise by,
of,
page
iii
Pitmanic
alphabet,
Max-Muller
Nominal
stroke, 192
Note-books, turning the leaves of,
199
Note-taking, 200-8; summary of
chapter on, page 185
Ns, after a curve, 112
Numbers, representation of round,
195
Nz, after a curve. 111
Omission, of lightly-sounded vowels,
page 271
Nasals, 13
Ng, hooked, 89
-ect, -ective,
phraseography, 186
Ordinary spelling, irregularities
68; of p, k,
g,
t,
186; of n,
r,
corn-,
used
ing of
il-,
im-, in-,
ir-,
un-, 173;
page 272
names
of,
of Fifty,
312
Punctuation, 189; in note-taking,
207
Quotations, 233
R, its effect on vowel-sounds, pages
vii-viii;
blending with other
consonants, 80; the only stroke
how named,
Reading
94;
:ind
initial r
circles
hook, 97
n, 100; and
and circles
and loops to
and hook
(a)
r and n, 100;
;
hooks
and loops
to final
hooks, 110
Right
S and
how
63; between
two straight strokes, not forming an angle, 63; forming an
angle, 64; joined to curves, 65;
added to logograms, 67; followed by h, 126 (b) added to st
and str, 79; to initial hooks,
97-9; to final hooks, 110-13; to
shun, 119; and halving principle, 140 (c) and doubling prininitial
and
final,
be-
tween two strokes, 46; contrasted with long vowels, i8; with
diphthongs, 55; following a
diphthong, representation of,
57; summary of chapter on,
page 28
Shr, upward and downward, 88
Shun hook, 115-120; various
spellings, 115; to curves, 116;
to straight strokes, with and
without an
initial
attachment,
117; after*, d,j, 117 (c); following circle s or ns, 118; medially,
119; circle s added, 119; diphthong and a vowel 1 efore, 120;
-nation, 120; half-length st following, 145 (rf)
summary of
chapter on, page 93; and phrase;
ography, 224
(d)
Significant
page 296
Contractions,
Special
on
rules
ial
to,
of,
217
Speed practice, n^ethod
of,
203
ogtaphy, 222
(c)
phraseography, 223
States and Territories, names of,
page 271
Str loop, 76-7; final, 76; medial,
77; circle s added, 79; summary
of chapter on, page 56
Strokes, how to join, 32-9; of uneq\ial length, 146 (a); summary
of chapter on joined strokes,
page 20
Suffixes
183; -ing.
-ingly, 175
175
(e)
(b)
-ings,
(a)
;
(c)
(d);
175
(f);
INDEX
-ality, -ility, -arity, etc.,
-logical-ly,
-merit,
177;
-mental-ly-ity,
179; -ly,
-ship, 181; -fulness, 182
-lessness,
-lousness,
182
176;
178;
ISO;
(a);
(b)
134
Sw
circle,
71;
summary
of,
page
227(b)
313
words in
summary
-tor
and
-ture,
156 (d)
page
of chapter on,
Vowel
of,
mne-
(0
Word, in phraseography, 147 (c)
-Wort, contraction for, 145 (c)
Would, in phraseography, 147 (c}
Writing materials, 3-4, 198
- Yard, contraction for, 145 (c)
Z stroke, use of, 62, 69 (a) (c)
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Price 85c.
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6.
A collection
Shorthand.
How
Pitman's
How
Key
to
25c.
Ney,
J.
116 pp.,
WORKS ON SHORTHAND.
(In ordinary type.)
WilHam
many
tThe Methods
Edward
J.
of
Teaching Shorthand.
Cloth,
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other full-page plates, consisting of portraits, views, and facCloth, gilt, gilt top, $1.10.
For the first time the
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Phonographic Word-Building. 88 pp., 60c.
similes.
Lens Work
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SCIENTIFIC
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231 lUus., $1.35.
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" Fono " Series.
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elastic bound unless otherwise stated, opening perfectly flat. The paper contained in
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8%
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SIDE OPENING.
160 pp., 6| by 81
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LANGUAGES.
SPANISH.
Pitman's Practical Spanish Grammar and Conversation for SelfInstruction.
112 pp., 45c.; cloth, 66c
Spanish.
Key
to
Macdonald.
Manual of Spanish Commercial Correspondence.
gilt,
$1.50.
FRENCH.
Pitman's Complete French Course.
210 pp., cloth, gilt, 70c.
For Class or Self-Instruction.
tProgressive French Grammar.
Part I. 336 pp., cloth, $1.46.
By Dr. F. A. Hedgcock, Officier de V instruction publique;
d'Academie, and the only English Dodeur-es-lellers
Officier
of the University of Paris. The method is a combination of the
direct with the indirect, and by means of phonetic type, a
closely approximate idea of French pronunciation is conveyed.
French-English and English-French Commercial Dictionary.
676 pp., cloth, gilt, $2.50. Contains the words and terms used
in Commercial Corresp-'mdence which are not given in the dictionaries in ordinary use. Compound Phrases, Idiomatic and
Technical Expressions, etc. By F. W. Smith. Contains practically every word that most people are likely to meet with or
to require, and abounds in terms and phrases specially employed in commerce.
14
Pitman's Commercial French Grammar. 166 pp., cloth, $1.10.In this book French Grammar is taught on normal lines, with
the addition that all grammatical points are illustrated by
sentences in commercial French.
128 pp., paper boards,
Pitman's Practical French Grammar.
And Conversation for Self-Instruction, with
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Copious Vocabulary and Imitated Pronunciation.
A Child's First Steps in French. 64 pp., 30c. By A. Vizetelly.
Illustrated.
Tourists'
Vade
constant use.
French Business Interviews.
91
in
GERMAN.
Pitman's Practical German Grammar. 112 pp., 46c.; cloth, 66c.
Pitman's Commercial German Grammar. 182 pp., cloth, $1.10.
Pitman's German Commercial Reader. 208 pp., cloth, gilt, 90c.
Is prepared on similar lines to the French Commercial Reader.
Pitman's Readings in Commercial German. 90 pp., cloth, 60c.
Commercial Correspondence in German. 240 pp., cloth, $1.36.
Gives all the letters of the " Commercial Correspondence " translated into German, with useful notes at the foot of each letter.
English-German.
Pitman's International Mercantile Letters.
260 pp., cloth, gilt, 90c.
German Business Interviews. Series 1 and 2, each 100 pp., each
With Correspondence, Invoices, etc.
46c.; cloth, 66c.
Elementary German Commercial Correspondence. 143 pp., cloth,
SOc.
ITALIAN.
Pitman's Commercial Italian Grammar.
PORTUGUESE.
Practical Grammar of the Portuguese Language. 326 pp. Cloth,
$2.00. By C. A. and A. Toledano.
Pitman's International Mercantile Letters. English-Portuguese.
Cloth, gilt, $1.10.
15
120 pp.,
HUGO'S SYSTEM.
Grammars.
French Simplified. Cloth $1.60
Italian Simplified. Cloth $1.60
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French Phrase Book. Cloth 60c.
French Verbs. Cloth 70c.
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Spanish Verbs Simplified 86c.
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French Reading SimpUfied. Cloth $1.70
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PUBLICATIONS
Authorized by the
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No.
3669 Course in Isaac Pitman Shorthand
3673 Isaac Pitman's Shorthand Instructor
11886 Pitman's Shorthand Rapid Course
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Pitman's Progressive Dictator
3659 Practice Letters for Beginners in Shorthand
and 2,
3666 Business Correspondence in Shorthand (Nos.
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