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Figure 7.1
1.The above diagram shows an active activity. Energy is needed for contraction and
relaxation of the skeletal muscle during this activity. Other than that, what is the
necessity of energy to the living organism?
a ______________________________
b ______________________________
c ______________________________
d ______________________________
2. i) Energy produce from the glucose oxidation process based from the equation below.
Complete the equation:
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2+6H2O+ENERGY
ii)
3. i)
During active activity, the skeletal muscle cramps . Why this situation happen?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
ii)
4 i)
C2H5OH
3.
Product
4.
5.
Location
Suggestion activity
The adaptive characteristic of respiration surface for gas exchange.
Manila card A
Manila card B
i)When all the cylinder in manila card B was opened and combined, it will formed a long
manila card. Compare the sum of surface area between card A and B
______________________________________________________________________
ii)What is the important for organism has sum of surface area per volume that is big?
______________________________________________________________________
iii)Relate the total of surface area with the efficiency of respiration gaseous exchange
process.
______________________________________________________________________
Diagram 7.2.1
The diagram shows the structure of respiration surface in organisms.
i)
How the big total surface area per volume in the organisms respiration
structure can be achieved ?
a. Amoeba
:
______________________________________________
b. Insect
:
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
c. Frog
: _____________________________________________
______________________________________________
d. Human
: _____________________________________________
e. Fish
: _____________________________________________
C
Diagram 7.2.2
Diagram 7.2.2A shows a rib cage and diaphragm muscle during inhalation. Diagram B
shows a rib cage model and diagram C shows a rib cage model during inhalation.
Diagram A
External intercostals
muscle contract
The rib cage move
upward and curve
Diaphragm muscle
contract , diaphragm
become flattens .
Diagram B
AD rubber band
elongate B C
extend
Diagram C
Rubber sheets
represent
diaphragm flattens
Balloon expands
Volume of air in
thoracic cavity
increase, air
pressure decrease.
High air pressure
inhale from outside
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______________________________________________________________________
L
Figure 7.2.2(B)
Figure 7.2.2B shows rib cage and diaphragm muscle during exhalation. J shows a rib
cage and K shows a rib cage model and L is a model of lungs during exhalation.
Figure J
External intercostal
muscle relax while
internal intercostal
muscles contract
Ribs move downwards
and inwards
Diaphragm muscle
relax and dome
shaped.
Air volume of thoracic
cavity decreases
Air pressure in
thoracic vital
increases
High air pressure
moves out from the
thoracic cavity into the
atmosphere
Figure K
AC rubber band
relax and extend
BD rubber band
contract and
elongate
Figure L
Diaphragm muscle
relax and dome
shaped
Balloon contract
_______________________________________________
__________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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The difference between the exchange of the respiration gaseous in alveolus while
breathing and across the respiration surface .
(2) Effects of the vigorous exercise to the rate of respiration and the heart beat.
(a)
Suggestion activity
Reference
Practical book , page 97
(3). The relation between rate of respiration with the content of oxygen and
carbon doxide in the body.
(a) Fill in the blanks :
which
produce _________________________
Cerebrospinal
fluid .
Cemoreceptor in
medulla oblongata
Respiratory
center
Impulse sent
Carotid body
Nerve impulse
Carotid artery
Intercostal
muscles contract
The rate of
heartbeat
increase
diaphragm
Ventilation rate
increase
Aortic
bodies
(4) The regulatory mechanism of oxygen and carbon dioxide content in the body .
(4.1) Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.
(a) During vigorous exercise , the concentration of the carbon dioxide in the blood
increases and detected by
_____________________________________________________________.
_____________________________________________________________
(b) The drop of blood pH is dangerous. Then the regulatory mechanism occur to
maintain the pH level.
(c) The changes of pH detected by specific cell :
_____________________ (sensory cell which sensitive to chemical
substances ) located in medulla oblongata.
(d) The changes of oxygen concentration in blood regulated by
_____________________________________________________________
That is __________________ and _________________________________
(e) Peripheral chemoreceptor is also sensitive to the changes of carbon dioxide
and pH in the blood.
4.2 ( a ) What will control the breathing process?
The breathing process is controlled by __________________ ( a part of the brain)
The nerve cell is called _______________________ in ______________ ,will send
the impulse to stimuli _________________ and ________________ to contract .
This reaction causes _________________ .and _____________ process.
(b) When we are doing active activity such as swimming, exercise, aerobic, running,
hiking and play badminton
pH _________________
CO 2 + H 2O
H2CO3
(carbonic acid )
H+
HCO 3-
( carbon dioxide dissolved in water and formed to carbonic acid ,and then breaks down
to hydrogen ion and carbonate ion.
Figure 8.4.2
(c)
Concentration of
CO 2 increases
from the normal
level
CO2
+
+
H2 O
H+
HCO3-
Blood pH
.__________
nerve
impulse
Concentration of
CO2 become to
the normal level
Central
chemoreceptor
stimulated
[Note: Ventilation is the gaseous exchange within the blood and air in the alveolus].
Peripheral
chemoreceptors
stimulated
(Eg:
________________
impulse
__________________
__________________
__________________
Heart
The concentration
of O2 increase to
normal level
__________________
__________________
__________________
Respiration
muscles
5.The human respiratory response and rate of respiration in different
situations.
(a) While resting:
____________
____________
____________
____________
The breathing rate is within the normal range ___________ breaths per
minute.
The heartbeat rate is between ___________ beats per minute.
The normal concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide is ______________
The concentration
of Carbon dioxide
increase in the
body
Does the plant have respiration ?. If yes, name the types of respiration?
What substances require to the plants respiration?
State the name of the respiration gaseous ?
How the gaseous diffused to the plant?
Why plants need the respiration process?
i.
Figure 8.51(a) shows the stem structure in the old plants and figure 8.51(b)
shows common structure in the leaf. Both structures included in respiration process .
Observe figure 8.51(a) and 8.51(b). Try to define the structure and label it
lenticel
RAJAH 8.51
RAJAH 8.51
Figure 8.51 (a)
Figure 8.51(b)
_____________________
ii.
________________________
Figure 8.52
iii.
On figure 8.51(b) and 8.52 draw the arrow with the label to show the pathway of
gaseous exchange in a leaf.
Organelle
MMMMMMM
M Vacuole
Nucleus
NuCkleus
FIGURE 8.53 : A plant cell
iv.
Figure 8.53 shows a plant cell. Base on the figure 8.53
suggest how oxygen is used in M organelle?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
.v
______________________________________________________________________
vi.
State the uses of the product from that process for plants.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
8.52
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
Crops like corn could live several hours in mud. The root of soy beans
could live within 30 minutes only in anaerobic condition. Therefore
crops like paddy could live in the waterlogged.
i.
______________________________________________________________________
ii.
Write down the reaction equation of the process occurs in the root cell in the
waterlogged condition.
______________________________________________________________________
7.53
Sunlight
heat
photosynthesis
product
Respiration
product
glucose
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
FIGURE 8.55
COMPARISON ASPECT
Cell involved
Organelle involved
Chlorophyll requirement
Substances requirement
RESPIRATION
Mitochondria
Mass decrease
catabolisme
ii.
Type of metabolism
anabolisme
______________________________________________________________________
iii.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
.
7.54
COMPENSATION POINT
i.
Carry out the experiment 6.11on page 76 form four practical books published by
Baka Prep Sdn Bhd . Write the report and answer the discussion questions on page 77.
Compensation
point
Gas exchange
Light density
FIGURE 8.56
Analyze the graph on figure 8.56.
ii.
Base on the graph and your practical report , defines the compensation point.
iii.
Elaborate the relationship between light intensity and the compensation point.
..
.
iv.
Predict what will happen to the plants if the photosynthesis and respiration rate
always at the compensation point?
..
..
8.5
i.
You are noticed to collect information and pictures of the diseases relate to the
respiration organs. Base on the information ,complete the table below :Num
The damaged
of respiration
organ
factor
Application for
caring and
maintain the
respiratory
organ
ii.
Carry out the experiment 7.9 : The effects of cigarette smoke on lungs on page
99 form four practical book and write the report to enrich your knowledge.