THEME : Investigating the relationship between living things and the environment

Chapter 9 : Endangered Ecosystem

9.1 : Human activities that threaten an ecosystem
Human activities which is unplanned properly can caused endangered ecosystem
Human activity

Impact

1.
What are the human unplanned activities that give a bad impact to the
ecosystem.
2.
State the impact which might happened to the ecosystem due to unplanned
human activities
3.
Construct a table to show a relationship between human activities and the impact
to the ecosystem
Types and causes of pollution
1. Environmental pollution is getting worst .
2. What is the meaning of pollution?

3. There are 4 types of pollution. List them down

1.______________________________
2.______________________________
3.______________________________
4.______________________________

4. Complete the following table:

Types of pollutions

Causes of pollutions

Air pollution
1. Air pollution has various types of pollutants. Complete the mind map according to the pollutants given. Include the
characteristic and also the example of pollutants in your mind map.
Pollutant: Particles ( smoke ,dust and tiny particle), carbon dioxide,, carbon monoxide,, nitrogen oxide, sulphure dioxide, ozone,,
plumbum, hydrocarbon, agrochemical.

Air
pollutant

2. Complete the diagram below:

Acid rain
Factory

Motor vehicle

Figure 1
3. According to the figure above, explain how acid rain is formed.

4. List down the effect of acid rain to human and environment.

5. Air pollution can affected human health, building, living things, agriculture and climate. Construct mind map according to the
issues given.

a.

The effect of air pollution

to human health

b.

The effect of air pollution

to building and living
things

c.

The effect of air

pollution to agriculture

d.

The effect of air

pollution to climate

6. You are asked to plan and design an experiment on solid air pollution from various
different area in your school. In your planning include the following aspects ;
Objective of study
Statement of hypothesis
Experimental variable
List of apparatus and materials
Procedure
Results / observation
Conclusion

Water Pollution
1. In group of four, discuss the topic given:

Group 1
Agriculture waste can caused water contamination .(Related it with the
process of Eutrophication) What are the effects to the animals and
plants habitat?
Group 2
The domestic waste and non biodegradable rubbish which flow to the
river causes water contamination. What are the effects to the human
health?

Group 3
Oil spills in the river and sea can cause water pollution and what are the
effects to the animals and plants habitat?

Group 4
Industrial toxic waste flows to the river can cause water pollution. What
are the effects to the human health?

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Ponds full with nitrite

and phosphate
fertilizer

Vegetables farm with nitrate

and phosphate fertilizer

Algae growth and cover

the water surface

Nitrate and
Phosphate
fertilizer flow to
the pond

Lack of oxygen cause aquatic

organism dead

Plants dead because sunlight

blocked by algae

2. Complete the table below according to the information in the figure above

The whole process is called Eutrophication

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The water pollution level can be measured by biochemical oxygen demand(B.O.D).

What is the Biochemical Oxygen Demand?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

3. What is the B.O.D level to show the good quality of water. Explain why.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. You need to plan and design the experiment to determine the level of water pollution
from river, pond, drain and water tab. In your planning include the following aspects;
Objective of study
Statement of hypothesis
Experiment variable
List of apparatus and material
Procedure
Results / Observation
Conclusion
5. Students are ask to discuss in group and write the report according to the following
issues:
(a) Air and water pollution in the developing area was increasing year by year.

Residence increasing and construction lot of the road, high-rise building, new
developing of housing area, increasing of industrial area and other infrastructure
contribute to the increasing the pollution.
Discuss how the development increasing process mention above affected to the air and
water pollution at that area.
(b) What are the actions can be taken to solve or avoid the problem of water and air
pollution at that area mention (a)

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Thermal Pollution

Releasing excess heat to the environment

Interfere and dangerous to the human and other organism

Thermal Pollution

Water

Reflection of mirror

Description

Description

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Noise Pollution
Noise intensity is measure in units decibel(dB) .
This pollution normally take time to show the effect. The noise pollution happened when
measured level more than 80.
State 3 location where need the lower noise pollution

Noise pollution
Lower location

Do the investigation to the machineries that youve seen. Observe the method which
have taken to reduce the noise pollution.
Example : Silencer cylinder at exhaust motorcycle
Find another example which is suitable.

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9.2 Greenhouse Effect And Thinning Of The Ozone

Greenhouse effect
Global Warming

Pollution is a worldwide issue

Involve human activities

Examples of global warming

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

.
.
.
.

The effects of global warming.

Draw and label a diagram showing thinning of the ozone layer .

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Effects of global
warming

Measures taken

Increase in carbon dioxide and earth temperature.

Excessive emission of carbon dioxide is a phenomenon that should be
controlled. Think of a way to overcome the excessive emission of carbon dioxide.
Thinning of the ozone layer
Ozone
Ozone gas (O3 ) occurs naturally in the in the stratosphere layer( ozone layer)
which is 17-25 km above the Earths surface.

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There is evidence of ozone depletion

Made up of 3 oxygen atoms

Give a few examples of substances/gas that will react with ozone molecule to form
molecular oxygen

ozone

React with

What is the main cause of ozone depletion?

..
Give 3 impact of ozone depletion on humans .
I.

II.

III.

Discuss the effects of ozone depletion

a) on the environment

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b) on human health

c) on weather patterns

d) on agriculture output

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The Need Of Planned Development And Management Of Ecosystem

The human population of the world is increasing
The increasing of human population will effects our ecosystem
Have you ever think of the effects on the increasing of human population to the
ecosystem?
Form four group discussions
Discuss the problems and effects on the on the increasing of human population
from aspects such as :
Aspect

Discussion

1.Residential Area

2. Food supply

3. Socioeconomics
problem

4. Ecosystem

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 The increasing of world population will contribute to the need of development.

Development is vital to upgrade the quality of life.
State three objectives of development:
1..

2.

..

.
Economic growth and rapid developmentmust take into account the efficient
management of the ecosystem
Unplanned development will give adverse effects to the ecosystem
There are some measures that can be taken in managing the development of the
ecosystem to ensure a balance of nature
Management of development and ecosystem is vital to the balance of environment for
survival of living things.
From the above statement, construct a mind map and list down measures that should be
taken into management of development and ecosystem before any development
activities can be carry out from aspects such as:

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1.

Implementation of laws

2.

The use of technology

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3.

Education on the
management of resources

4..

Preservation and
Conservation of land
,water, forest and
Mangrove swamp

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5.

Biological Control
Practices

6.

The use of renewable

energy and efficient use of
energy

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7.

Maintaining human and

plant resources

Diagram above shows a few environmental activities that can threaten our ecosystem.
Prepare a report on these activity sand measures taken to over come it.

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10.4 Ecosystem management

Class activity :
Organise a forum in your class and appoint :
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Forum chairman
First panel member as a representative from DOE (Department Of Environment)
Second panel member as the Head Of Town Board
Third panel member as a representative from Nature Lovers Club
A representative from the audience to comment or raised question to the
members of the panel question to the members of the panel

The discussion should encompass:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

Maintaining resources
Biological control
Preservation and conservation
The use of technology
Education on the management of resources
Legislation and implementation of laws

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ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM

Human activities that

threaten the ecosystem

Greenhouse effect and

thinning of the ozone

Management and ecosystem

development needs

Type and sources of pollution

Global warming

Soil erosion

Climatic change

Flash floods

Air pollution

Noise pollution

Water pollution

Thermal
pollution

Eutrophication

Management towards
balance of nature

Human development and

management effects

Implementation
and laws

Maintaining
resources

Ecosystem
management methods

Technology

Education

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Biological control

Preservation and
conservation