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Bachelor of Technology, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, TamilNadu, India
Bachelor of Technology, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, TamilNadu, India
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Bachelor of Technology, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, TamilNadu, India
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Associate Professor, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, TamilNadu, India
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Abstract
In the present scenario the ever increasing existence of non linear loads and the increasing number of distributed generation
power systems in electrical grids modify the characteristics of voltage and current waveforms in power systems, which differ from
pure sinusoidal wave. The target of this paper is to design an accurate measurement system and display the system parameters
under distorted system conditions. Harmonics, Sub Harmonics, and Inter Harmonics are measured and displayed using
LabVIEW. The voltage and current are sensed using sensors for various loads, which are then interfaced with the PC using DAQ
(Data Acquisition) card and displayed using LabVIEW. The Hardware implementation includes setting up of test systems such as
diode bridge rectifier and thyristor based converter with various loads such as resistive, inductive and DC shunt motor.
Experimental results obtained for various loads and source conditions are cross verified with theoretical analysis. The response
obtained in hardware and simulation proves the effectiveness of the system.
Keywords: Data Acquisition, Power Quality, Harmonics, Sub harmonics and Inter harmonics
--------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------1. INTRODUCTION
Paragraph Over the recent years, there has been an increased
emphasis and concern for the quality of power delivered.
This concern for the quality of power has increased due to
the considerable usage of non linear loads such as
adjustable-speed drives, arc furnaces, switched mode power
supplies, electronic ballasts etc. The harmonics created by
these non-linear loads are non-sinusoidal in nature, which
leads to poor power factor, low system efficiency and other
power quality issues. Power quality is defined in the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE
standard terms as the concept of powering and grounding
electronic equipment in a manner that is suitable to the
operation of that equipment and compatible with the
premise wiring system and other connected equipment.
Most of the important international standards define power
quality as the physical characteristics of the electrical supply
provided under normal operating conditions that do not
disrupt or disturb the customers processes. Therefore,
power quality problem exists if any voltage, current or
frequency deviation results in failure or in bad operation of
customers equipment. Normally problems like surges, poor
voltage, frequency regulations, voltage switching transients,
electrical noise, power loss and Electro-Magnetic
Interference effects are frequently encountered in the load
side. This leads to damage of capital-intensive appliances,
safety concerns of the load, loss of reliability of the power
electronic devices and a huge economic loss, which affects
the power quality. The main causes of the poor power
quality are Power supply failures, malfunctioning of power
electronic equipments, over heating on the load side, loss of
reliability, increase of losses in the system. Power quality
parameters include real power, reactive power, apparent
power, harmonics distortion, distortion power factor,
displacement power factor, Crest factor and net source
power factor.
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322
2. SIMULATION RESULTS
Paragraph Measure and display the following system
parameters under distorted system conditions (Harmonics,
Sub Harmonics, and Inter Harmonics)- RMS Voltage Vrms ,
RMS Current Irms , Total Harmonic Distortion (THD),
Real Power, Reactive Power, Apparent Power, Distortion
Power, Distortion Power Factor, Displacement Power
Factor, Net Source Power Factor, Voltage Crest Factor,
Current Crest Factor, Ipeak and Vpeak is the objective of the
work.
15sin 500t +
5sin(250t)
Current=
i1+i2+i3+i4+i5
20sin 300t +
10sin 700t +
----------- (1)
Three Test Cases are taken where case (1) includes no phase
difference between source current and source voltage, case
(2) includes source current lags source voltage by 30
degrees and (3) source current leads source voltage by 60
degrees. For each case the results obtained for the above
system parameters are cross verified mathematically. The
simulated results and mathematically obtained are tabulated
below for each case.
Case (1):
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Case (2):
Case (3)
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Case (2)
I lags V
by 30
Current Crest
Factor
Ipeak
Vpeak
THD Voltage
THD Current
Real Power
Reactive Power
Apparent
Power
Distortion
Power
Distortion
Power Factor
Displacement
Power Factor
Net
Source
Power Factor
Voltage Crest
Factor
Current Crest
Case (2)
I leads V
by 60
Case(3)
Factor
Ipeak
Vpeak
THD Voltage
THD Current
Real Power
Reactive Power
Apparent
Power
Distortion
Power
Distortion
Power Factor
Displacement
Power Factor
Net
Source
Power Factor
Voltage Crest
Factor
Current Crest
Factor
Ipeak
Vpeak
THD Voltage
THD Current
Real Power
Reactive Power
Apparent
Power
Distortion
Power
Distortion
Power Factor
Displacement
Power Factor
Net
Source
Power Factor
Voltage Crest
Factor
Current Crest
Factor
Ipeak
Vpeak
90.07A
229.81V
0V
89.94A
229.80V
0V
0.2738A
18223W
0KVAR
16848.4 VA
0.27A
18.124 KW
0KVAR
16.938KVA
4450.125
VAD
0.964
4579 VAD
0.5
0.86
0.964
0.82
0.273
0.27
90.07A
229.81V
0.03V
0.2738A
16250W
0KVAR
16050.3 VA
89.94A
229.80V
0.034V
0.27A
16.249 KW
0KVAR
16.856KVA
4487.83
VAD
0.936
4812 VAD
0.96
0.96
0.034
0.034
0.273
0.27
90.07A
229.81V
89.94A
237.61V
0.96
0.9639
0.2738
0.27
80A
229.804V
0V
0.2738A
16250W
8.12KVAR
16848.4 VA
89.94A
229.80V
0V
0.27A
16.072 KW
8.124KVAR
16.938KVA
4450.125
VAD
0.964
4812 VAD
2. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
0.96
0.86
0.964
0.82
0.273
0.27
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Block Diagram
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Feeding
2.1.1.1 Resistive Load
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Voltage RMS
2.6432 V
Y Phase
Current RMS
THD Current
THD Voltage
Real Power
Voltage RMS
10.2069 A
0.4592 A
0.032 V
27.2168 W
2.6896 V
B Phase
Current RMS
THD Current
THD Voltage
Real Power
Voltage RMS
10.2763 A
0.4513 A
0.0367 V
27.6398 W
2.7422 V
Current RMS
THD Current
THD Voltage
Real Power
TOTAL REAL POWER
9.9741 A
0.3969 A
0.0498 V
27.3921 W
82.2487 W
2.1.1.2 RL Load
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Voltage RMS
1.6811 V
Y Phase
Current RMS
THD Current
THD Voltage
Real Power
Voltage RMS
8.2577 A
0.1987 A
0.022 V
13.88 W
1.7268 V
B Phase
Current RMS
THD Current
THD Voltage
Real Power
Voltage RMS
7.8426 A
0.2586 A
0.045 V
13.5428 W
1.8028 V
Current RMS
THD Current
THD Voltage
Real Power
TOTAL REAL POWER
8.3706 A
0.2214 A
0.0326 V
15.0911 W
42.5161 W
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Voltage RMS
Current RMS
THD Current
THD Voltage
Real Power
Y Phase
Voltage RMS
Current RMS
THD Current
THD Voltage
Real Power
B Phase
Voltage RMS
Current RMS
THD Current
THD Voltage
Real Power
TOTAL REAL POWER
0.5566 V
2.5181 A
0.5155 A
0.0174 V
1.4017 W
0.5552 V
3.061 A
0.4899 A
0.0184 V
1.699 W
0.5559 V
2.5207 A
0.503 A
0.0149 V
1.4014 W
4.5029 W
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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REFERENCES
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