Criminal Law Reviewer

Rules relative to Light felonies:

1. Light felonies are punishable only when they
have been consummated.
2. Light felonies committed against persons or
property are punishable.
3. Only principals and accomplices are liable for
light felonies.
4. Accessories are not liable for light felonies.

-those who directly force or induce others to

commit it.
- Crime must be committed

Art. 17. Principals:

1. by direct participation
2. by inducement
3. by indispensable cooperation

2. by directly inducing another to commit a crime

a. By giving price, or offering reward or
promise
b. By using words of command

Par. 1. by direct participation

Requisites:
Participated in the criminal resolution
Carried out their plan and personally took
part in its execution by acts which directly
tended to the same end.

Requisites:
1. The inducement be made directly with the
intention of procuring the commission of the
crime.

First requisite: Participation in the criminal

resolution
- Conspiracy at the time of the
commission of the crime
- Conspiracy:
o The accused had the same
purpose and were united in its
execution.
o Arises on the very instant the
plotters agree, expressly or
impliedly, to commit the felony
and forthwith decide to pursue
it.
o Must be established by positive
and conclusive evidence.
- Co-principal by conspiracy
o He performed an overt act in
furtherance of the conspiracy
o Lending moral assistance to his
co-conspirators by being present
at the scene of the crime
o Exerting moral ascendancy over
the rest of the conspirators.
Unity of purpose and intention in the commission
of the crime:
a. Spontaneous agreement
b. Active cooperation by all offenders in the
perpetration of the crime
c. Contributing by positive acts to the realization of
a common criminal intent
d. Presence during the commission of the crime by
a band and lending moral support thereto
e. acceptance of the role assigned to him.
Second Requisites: Principals by direct participation
-he must be at the scene of the commission of the
crime, personally taking part in its execution
Par. 2 Principals by Inducement

Ways of becoming principal by induction:

1. by directly forcing another to commit a crime
a. by using irresistible force
b. by causing uncontrollable fear.

2. Inducement be the determining cause of the

commission of the crime by the material executor.
- The inducement must precede the act
induced and must be so influential in producing the
criminal act that without it, the act would not have
been performed.
Requisites (Using words of command)
1. The one uttering the words of command must
have the intention of procuring the commission of
the crime.
2. The one whom made the command must have
an ascendancy or influence over the person who
acted.
3. The words used must be so direct, so efficacious,
so powerful as to amount to physical or moral
coercion.
4. Words of command uttered prior to the
commission of the crime
5. Material executor of the crime has no personal
reason to commit the crime