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GENERAL
The purpose of the Dry Low NOx-1 (DLN-1) control system is to regulate the distribution of the fuel and the location
of flame in the staged multi-nozzle combustors around the gas turbine. A diagram of a DLN-1 combustor is provided
in Figure CPDLN-1.
Figure CPDLN-1
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cpd
Primary Gas Purge
Dual fuel only
GSV
Primary
SRV GCV
Secondary
Transfer
cpd
FLOW
CONTROL
ORIFICE
FROM
FLOW
DIVIDER
Figure CPDLN-2
The stop/ratio valve (SRV) is designed to maintain a predetermined pressure, P2, at the control valve inlet. The gas
control valve (GCV) regulates the desired overall gas fuel flow delivered to the turbine in response to the command
signal FSR from the control panel.
The total gas flow is separated into three stages by the DLN-1 system valves, the gas splitter valve (GSV) and the
gas transfer valve (GTV). The DLN-1 valves control the percentage of the total fuel flow delivered to the different
stages of the DLN-1 multi-nozzle combustor.
The gas splitter valve (GSV) regulates the distribution of the fuel flow to the primary and secondary zones in the
combustor. Refer to Figure CPDLN-1 for a diagram of the DLN-1 combustor. The gas transfer valve (GTV) divides
the fuel supplied to the secondary zone between two separate flow paths in the secondary fuel nozzle. The
secondary fuel nozzle assembly contains a flow radial flow passage exiting fuel out of premixing pegs, ("secondary"
nozzle) and a normal diffusion type passage ("transfer" nozzle). Refer to figure CPDLN-3.
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CPDLN-3
FLAME DETECTION
Reliable detection of the flame location in the DLN-1 system is critical to the control of the combustion process and
to the protection of the gas turbine hardware. Four flame detectors in separate combustion chambers around the
gas turbine are mounted to detect primary zone flame. Also, four flame detectors in separate combustion chambers
are dedicated to detect the presence of secondary flame. The signals from these flame detectors are processed in
control logic and used for various control and protection functions including the DLN combustion mode
determination.
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IGNITION SYSTEM
Two spark plugs located in different combustion chambers are used to ignite the fuel flow in the primary zone of the
combustors. These spark plugs are energized to ignite the fuel during startup and during certain DLN-1 mode
changes that require re-ignition of the primary combustion zone. Flame is propagated to those combustion
chambers without spark plugs through crossfire tubes that connect the primary zones of adjacent combustion
chambers around the gas turbine. Flame is introduced in the secondary zone of the combustion chambers by
igniting the secondary fuel flow with flame from the primary zone.
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Compressor
Inlet Airflow
Combustion
Turbine
Exhaust Flow
VM15-1
VA20-1
VA30-1
Solenoid Drive
Drain Valve
Figure CPDLN-4
The DLN-1 fuel system operation is a fully automated, sequencing the combustion system through a number
of staging modes prior to reaching full load. Figure CPDLN-5 represents typical operation sequence, from firing to
full load fuel flow staging associated with DLN-1 operation. The primary controlling parameter for fuel staging is the
calculated combustion reference temperature (TTRF1), (as discussed earlier in this document). The fuel flow split
between the DLN-1 combustion chamber fuel nozzles and the location of the flame is regulated as a function of
TTRF1. Other DLN-1 operation influencing parameters available to the operator are the selection of IGV
temperature control on or off, and the selection of inlet bleed heat on or off. To achieve maximum exhaust
temperature as well as an expanded load range for optimal emission, IGV temperature control should be selected
ON, and inlet bleed heat should be selected ON. Temperature control and Inlet bleed heat operation will be
discussed later in this document.
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DLN-1 TYPICAL
MODE
TRANSITION
START
PRIMARY MODE
LOADING
SEQUENCE
EXTENDED
LEAN -LEAN
SELECTED
ON
(OPTIONAL
SELECTION)
PREMIX STEADY
STATE MODE
Figure CPDLN-5
Primary: Fuel and combustion are only in the primary zone. The typical combustion reference temperature TTRF1
range for this mode is from startup ignition through full speed no load to approximately 1600F*.
Lean-Lean: Fuel and combustion are in both the primary and secondary zones. Typical combustion reference
temperature for the Lean-Lean mode are between 1600F and 1950F*.
Secondary:
All fuel and combustion occur in the secondary zone of the combustor. Secondary mode is a
transitory mode during the transfer from Lean-Lean to the Premix mode of operation. A typical combustion
reference temperature for this mode is 1900F*.
Premix Transfer: A transitionary mode where fuel is modulated from 100% secondary to the premix transfer
destination flow split setpoint.
Premix: In this mode, fuel is in both the primary and secondary zones, with combustion only occurring in the
secondary zone. Basically, air and a majority of the fuel are mixed in the primary zone and flow into the secondary
zone to be burned. "Premixing" the air and fuel reduces gas turbine exhaust NOx emissions. The typical combustion
reference temperature range for this mode of operation is above 1900F*.
*NOTE: Refer to the Control Specifications for the correct combustion reference temperature settings for a specific
turbine.
Figure CPDLN-6 is a plot of the DLN-1 operational modes as a function of combustion reference temperature.
During normal loading of a unit operating on gas fuel, the system will progress through Primary, Lean-Lean,
Secondary and Premix modes. Normal unloading of the machine from high loads on gas fuel will go from Premix to
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Lean-Lean after the spark plugs re-ignite the primary combustion zone. Further unloading will cause Primary mode
operation to be initiated which will continue through breaker opening until turbine shutdown.
100%
Primary
FXSP3
FXSL
Premix
Lean-lean
% Primary
Loading
Extended Lean-lean
0%
FXKTL1
FXKTS1
FXKTL3
TTRF1
Figure CPDLN-6
In certain operational situations, such as load rejection, the fuel gas control system may divert all fuel to the
primary zones depending upon the operational mode and combustion reference temperature. The controls software
generates a signal to rapidly move the GSV actuator servovalve to stroke the gas splitter valve to a 100% primary
position.
During the transfer from Lean-Lean to Premix, the gas transfer valve splits the gas fuel flow in the combustors'
secondary stage fuel nozzle between the premixing "secondary" passage and the diffusion "transfer" passage. It is
necessary to route some of the secondary fuel flow through the diffusion section of the secondary nozzle during this
transfer period in order to lower combustion dynamics and stabilize the secondary flame.
Figure CPDLN-7 is a typical trace of the DLN-1 valve positions during the transfer from Lean-Lean to Premix
mode*. The gas transfer valve will normally be in the 0% stroke position, meaning that 100% of the secondary fuel
flow will be to the secondary premixing passage in the secondary nozzle assembly. During transfer to the Secondary
mode of operation, flame is extinguished in the primary zone by the gas splitter valve diverting all flow to the
secondary zone. In Secondary mode, the gas transfer valve will move to an intermediate position in order to route
part of the secondary duel flow through the diffusion passage.
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60
50
GSV
40
GTV
30
20
10
0
1
Step
% Open
70
60
GSV
50
GTV
40
30
20
10
0
1
Step
Figure CPDLN-7
After flame has been extinguished in the primary combustion zone, the machine begins to transfer into the Premix
mode of operation. The gas splitter valve moves to admit fuel into the primary zone and the gas transfer valve
ramps to a position that will cause most of the secondary fuel flow to be routed to the transfer diffusion passage of
the secondary nozzle. After the gas splitter valve has reached its steady-state Premix mode position, the gas
transfer valve will ramp to its normal position, diverting all of the secondary fuel flow through the secondary
passages once again.
*Refer to the Control Specifications for the correct settings for a specific turbine.
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PRIMARY MODE
cpd
Primary Gas Purge
Dual fuel only
GSV
Primary
SRV GCV
Secondary
Transfer
cpd
Transfer Purge
FLOW
CONTROL
ORIFICE
LIQUID
FUEL
from flow divider
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LEAN-LEAN MODE
cpd
Primary Gas Purge
Dual fuel only
GSV
Primary
SRV GCV
Secondary
Transfer
cpd
Transfer Purge
FLOW
CONTROL
ORIFICE
LIQUID
FUEL
from flow divider
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10
DLN-1 ALARMS
ALARM MESSAGE
L30FX1_ALM
FAILURE
TO FLAME OUT PRIMARY
DURING TRANSFER ALARM
L94FX1
FAILURE TO
FLAME OUT PRIMARY
DURING TRANSFER - TRIP
L30FX3_ALM
FAILURE
TO RE-IGNITE PRIMARY
AFTER SEC LOAD
RECOVERY - ALARM
CAUSE
FLAME FAILS TO
EXTINGUISH IN THE
PRIMARY ZONE
ACTION
VERIFY CALIBRATION OF
GSV, VALVE IS REACHING
0% STROKE
VERIFY PROPER
OPERATION OF SPARK
PLUGS, VERIFY
CALIBRATION OF GSV
VERIFY PROPER
OPERATION OF SPARK
PLUGS, VERIFY
CALIBRATION OF GSV,
VERIFY PROPER
OPERATION OF PRIMARY
FLAME DETECTORS
VERIFY PROPER
OPERATION OF SPARK
PLUGS, VERIFY
CALIBRATION OF GSV,
VERIFY PROPER
OPERATION OF PRIMARY
FLAME DETECTORS
CONSULT WITH GE TO
RESOLVE FAILURE TO
TRANSFER TO PREMIX
IF EXTENDED LEAN LEAN IS
SELECTED - NO ACTION
VERIFY PROPER
OPERATION OF SPARK
PLUGS, VERIFY
CALIBRATION OF GSV,
VERIFY PROPER
OPERATION OF PRIMARY
FLAME DETECTORS
L94FX3
FAILURE TO
RE-IGNITE PRIMARY AFTER
SEC LOAD RECOVERY TRIP
L83LLEXT_ALM EXT
LEAN-LEAN MODE HIGH
EMISSIONS
L30FX2_ALM
FAILURE
TO RE-IGNITE PRIMARY
ZONE - ALARM
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ALARM MESSAGE
L94FX2
FAILURE TO
RE-IGNITE PRIMARY ZONE
- TRIP
CAUSE
FLAME IN THE PRIMARY
ZONE IS NOT DETECTED
UPON RE-IGNITION
L86GTVA GAS
TRANSFER VALVE
CONTROL TROUBLE
L86GTVT GAS
TRANSFER VALVE
TROUBLE - TRIP
L3GTVFLT GAS
TRANSFER VALVE
POSITION TROUBLE
L63PG2H_ALM
GAS TRANSFER
PURGE INTERVAVLE
PRESS HIGH
L86PGTLO_ALM GAS
TRANSFER PURGE VALVE
FAIL TO CLOSE
L30PGTOF_ALM TRANSFER
PURGE VALVE FAULT
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ACTION
VERIFY PROPER
OPERATION OF SPARK
PLUGS, VERIFY
CALIBRATION OF GSV,
VERIFY PROPER
OPERATION OF PRIMARY
FLAME DETECTORS
EXAMINE GSV FOR STICKY
OPERATION, JAMMING AND
LVDT TROUBLE
EXAMINE GSV FOR STICKY
OPERATION, JAMMING AND
LVDT TROUBLE
EXAMINE GSV SERVO
VALVE AND LVDT'S FOR
PROPER OPERATION
EXAMINE GTV FOR STICKY
OPERATION, JAMMING AND
LVDT TROUBLE
EXAMINE GTV FOR STICKY
OPERATION, JAMMING AND
LVDT TROUBLE
EXAMINE GTV SERVO
VALVE AND LVDT'S FOR
PROPER OPERATION
EXAMINE PRESSURE
SWITCHES, PROPER VALVE
POSITION & ENSURE NO
VALVE LEAKAGE
VERIFY VALVE POSITION,
CHECK POSITION
FEEDBACK
DEVICES. CHECK
ACTUATION
SYSTEM, CHECK
ACTUATION TIME
VERIFY VALVE POSITION,
CHECK POSITION
FEEDBACK
DEVICES. CHECK
ACTUATION
SYSTEM, CHECK
ACTUATION TIME
ALARM MESSAGE
L86PGVL_ALM
AUTO LOWERING LOAD GAS XFER PURGE VLV
FAULT
L94GSDW COMBUSTION
PROTECTION SHUTDOWN
LOCKOUT
L83RBO REMOTE
BREAKER OPEN
DETECTED
L4DLNT_ALM
DLN
SYSTEM TROUBLE TRIP
CAUSE
PURGE VALVE FAIL TO OPEN
PROPERLY - LOCKED OUT
OF PREMIX OPERATION
UNTIL RESOLVED - MASTER
RESET REQUIRED UPON
RESOLUTION OF PROBLEM
ACTION
VERIFY VALVE POSITION,
CHECK POSITION
FEEDBACK
DEVICES. CHECK
ACTUATION
SYSTEM, CHECK
ACTUATION TIME
THE GAS SPLITTER VALVE
DLN SYSTEM FAULT,
POSITION IS GREATER THAN A UNSAFE TO OPERATE AT
CONSTANT & THE LOAD IS
CURRENT LOAD POINT.
GREATER THAN A CONSTANT VERIFY TTRF1
& PRIMARY FLAME IS
CALCULATION ACCURACY
DETECTED & CONDITIONS
EXISTS FOR 10 SECONDS
UNIT IS STILL
MODE TRANSITIONS WILL
SYNCHRONIZED AND
NOT BE POSSIBLE IN THIS
OPERATING ON LOCAL GRID MODE, ESSENTIALLY
ISOCHRONOUS OPERATION
DLN SYSTEM FAULT, TRIP IS CHECK DLN SYSTEM TRIPS
REQUIRED.
AND ALL OTHER
ANNUNCIATED ALARMS (MRESET REQUIRED)
CAUSE
LACK OF TEMPERATURE
RISE AT INLET BELL- MOUTH
WITH BLEED HEAT ENABLED
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ACTION
VERIFY MANUAL ISOLATION
VALVE IS OPEN,
VERIFY CONTROL VALVE
OPERATION CHECK INLET
THERMOCOUPLES
INSPECT VALVE, VERIFY
POSITION, CHECK
POSITION
FEEDBACK
INSPECT VALVE, VERIFY
POSITION, CHECK
POSITION FEEDBACK
OBSERVE THE CONTROL
STROKE AND CHECK THE
INLET THERMOCOUPLES.
CHECK THE MANUAL
ISOLATION VALVE
CAUSE
PURGE VALVE FAIL TO
CLOSE PROPERLY
L94PGT
GAS FUEL
PURGE PROBLEM-TRIP
L30PLP_ALM
PRIMARY
LIQUID FUEL PURGE
PRESSURE LOW - ALARM
INADEQUATE PRIMARY
LIQUID FUEL PURGE
PRESSURE
L86PLP
PRIMARY
LIQUID FUEL PURGE
PRESSURE LOW - TRIP
INADEQUATE PRIMARY
LIQUID FUEL PURGE
PRESSURE FOR AN
EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME
L30PLS_ALM
SECONDARY LIQUID
FUEL PURGE PRESSURE
LOW - ALARM
INADEQUATE SECONDARY
LIQUID FUEL PURGE
PRESSURE
L86PLS
SECONDARY LIQUID
FUEL PURGE PRESSURE
LOW - TRIP
INADEQUATE SECONDARY
LIQUID FUEL PURGE
PRESSURE FOR AN
EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME
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ACTION
VERIFY VALVE POSITION,
CHECK POSITION
FEEDBACK
DEVICES. CHECK
ACTUATION
SYSTEM, CHECK
ACTUATION TIME
VERIFY VALVE POSITION,
CHECK POSITION
FEEDBACK
DEVICES. CHECK
ACTUATION
SYSTEM, CHECK
ACTUATION TIME
VERIFY VALVE POSITION,
CHECK POSITION
FEEDBACK
DEVICES. CHECK
ACTUATION
SYSTEM, CHECK
ACTUATION TIME
CHECK FOR PROPER
SOLENOID OPERATION,
INSTRUMENT AIR,
PRESSURE SWITCH
OPERATION AND
CALIBRATION
CHECK FOR PROPER
SOLENOID OPERATION,
INSTRUMENT AIR,
PRESSURE SWITCH
OPERATION AND
CALIBRATION
CHECK FOR PROPER
SOLENOID OPERATION,
INSTRUMENT AIR,
PRESSURE SWITCH
OPERATION AND
CALIBRATION
CHECK FOR PROPER
SOLENOID OPERATION,
INSTRUMENT AIR,
PRESSURE SWITCH
OPERATION AND
CALIBRATION
ALARM MESSAGE
L30PWP_ALM
PRIMARY
WATER INJECTION PURGE
PRESSURE LOW - ALARM
CAUSE
INADEQUATE PRIMARY
WATER INJECTION PURGE
PRESSURE
L86PWP
PRIMARY
WATER INJECTION PURGE
PRESSURE LOW - TRIP
INADEQUATE PRIMARY
WATER INJECTION PURGE
PRESSURE FOR AND
EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME
L30PWS_ALM
SECONDARY WATER
INJECTION PURGE
PRESSURE LOW - ALARM
INADEQUATE SECONDARY
WATER INJECTION PURGE
PRESSURE
L86PWS
SECONDARY WATER
INJECTION PURGE
PRESSURE LOW - TRIP
INADEQUATE SECONDARY
WATER INJECTION PURGE
PRESSURE FOR AND
EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME
L30PCD_ALM
PURGE
FAULT DETECTION
INOPERABLE CPD LOW
PRESSURE- ALARM
L33FK1C_ALM OIL
SPLITTER VALVE FAIL TO
OPEN
L33FK1O_ALM OIL
SPLITTER VALVE FAIL TO
CLOSE
DETECTED ABNORMALLY
LOW COMPRESSOR
DISCHARGE PRESSURE
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ACTION
CHECK FOR PROPER
SOLENOID OPERATION,
INSTRUMENT AIR,
PRESSURE SWITCH
OPERATION AND
CALIBRATION
CHECK FOR PROPER
SOLENOID OPERATION,
INSTRUMENT AIR,
PRESSURE SWITCH
OPERATION AND
CALIBRATION
CHECK FOR PROPER
SOLENOID OPERATION,
INSTRUMENT AIR,
PRESSURE SWITCH
OPERATION AND
CALIBRATION
CHECK FOR PROPER
SOLENOID OPERATION,
INSTRUMENT AIR,
PRESSURE SWITCH
OPERATION AND
CALIBRATION
CHECK CPD
CONNECTIONS, PRESSURE
SWITCH OPERATION AND
CALIBRATION
CHECK VALVE POSITION,
POSITION LIMIT SWITCH,
ACTUATION SOURCE
CHECK VALVE POSITION,
POSITION LIMIT SWITCH,
ACTUATION SOURCE
CAUSE
INADEQUATE WATER
INJECTION SUPPLY
TEMPERATURE
ACTION
CHECK WATER SOURCE
SUPPLY, HEATERS,
TEMPERATURE LIMITS
FILTER IS BECOMING
CLOGGED
REPLACE FILTER
L20WN10X_ALM LOG ;
WATER INJ. ISOLATION
SHEAR VLV SEC. TROUBLE
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MOTOR IS REQUIRED AN
EXCESSIVE AMOUNT OF
CURRENT
16