Public Transport In Malaysia

Assignatura: Sostenibilitat
Grup: N1011
Ordre de grup: 222
Autors: Autor1 : Bin Imran, Muhammad Nur Ikram
Autor 2 : Bin A Aziz, Muhammad Zahid
Autor 3 : Bin
Professor director: Jaume Miret
Data:

INDEX

1 INTRODUCTION, PURPOSE

1.1 Introduction about public transports

1.2 Objectives

2 STATES OF THE ART

2.1 Transports in Kuala Lumpur

2.1.1 Statistics of Transportation Usage

2.1.2 Statistics of Users

2.2 Buses
2.2.1 Source of Energy and Usage

11

2.2.2 Manufacturing Cost

13

2.2.3 Fares

16

2.2.4 Problems

20

2.3 Trains
2.3.1 Source of Energy and Usage

22

2.3.2 Manufacturing Cost

23

2.3.3 Fares

26

2.3.4 Problems

27

2.4 Taxis
2.2.1 Source of Energy and Usage

29

2.2.2 Manufacturing Cost

31

2.2.3 Fares

32

2.2.4 Problems

33

3 STAKE HOLDERS
3.1 Government, People and Environment

34

3.2 Police

37

3.3 Council of Users

38

3.4 Drivers

39

3.5 Tourists

40

3.6 Immigrant

41

3.7 Handicapped People

41

1 INTRODUCTION, PURPOSE
1.1 Introduction about public transports
Due to advancing technologies nowadays, more and more transports product are
made including public transport. Till this day there are about hundreds of companies
that are involve in the production of public transports around the whole wide world.
Malaysia is not exemption as increasing the number of inhabitant there. The main
companies are RapidKL and Keretapi Tanah Melayu and operated mainly in Kuala
Lumpur as a capital of Malaysia. Hence, the number of transports in Malaysia is
getting larger by seconds. Therefore the pollutions are getting worst particularly in
Kuala Lumpur which is the centre of development in Malaysia. This is very worrying
for the people in Malaysia especially in Kuala Lumpur.
Our project is about the study of Malaysians public transports. We are studying how
they affect the environment and habitant in Malaysia. This is because transports are
used by almost all people in Kuala Lumpur. In this project, we also compare how the
people use the transport in Kuala Lumpur and Barcelona. In addition, we study about
the level of pollutions causing by them. Plus, we investigate how to control the level
of pollution and how to minimise the problem for the sake of the people and the
environment. We also want to look at the situation in the perspective of sustainability.
We studied about the energy source for the transport whether its renewable and if it
is environmental friendly.
We also hope that our project can be a reference to save our environment and
improve the way we use the transport and increase the efficiency of transport.

1.2 Objectives
From the beginning, transports are fundamental for daily life. They are used to
simplify a man to travel from one place to another. Since the civilization people tends
to create something that can save time and energy to travel to another place. During
the rock ages, people only use their two feet to move somewhere that far away but
they had waste so much energy and time. In the 19th century and early 20th century,
most Kuala Lumpur citizens and tin miners used rickshaws, elephants, sampans and
bull- or horse-drawn carriages as basic public transportation. to make travelling
easier until the invention of cars by engineers. The wagon, bicycle, ships, boats and
even the aeroplane are all proves which shows the development of transportation.
Although the development of all the transportations are very amusing, we must
remember that there is bad side effects that can harm our environment. Kuala
Lumpur are not exempt from this situation. In 1983, Malaysia has made a big step in
the transportation business by opening a company that produce and make cars,
vans and also motorcycle. The company was named Proton. The first product of this
company was called Proton Saga. The people of Malaysia was very excite of this
achievement at the time as before this it is very hard for the citizens to owns a
decent transportation as for that time. During the next century more and more
transportation companies starting to open up including the public transport. And
mostly their manufacturing factory are situated in Kuala Lumpur. And the people of
Malaysia are getting richer and are now afford to own a car per family. As for the
many transportations used in Kuala Lumpur, the government takes an initiative to
build highways. In 1988, PLUS (Express highway North-South) was established to
make expressways throughout the country. This which effect the loss of many forest
and habitat of animals. In the year 1998, the air pollution in Kuala Lumpur was at the
peak. Mostly because of the factories and the transportation. In November 2001, the
government produce a company named RapidKL which supplies public
transportation in Kuala Lumpur to reduce the air pollution. The public transportation
are LRT (Light Rail Transit), buses, and trains. But this public transportation arent
favoured by the citizens of Kuala Lumpur as it is not efficient.
2

2 STATES OF THE ART

2.1 Transports in Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur is a big city full of people living and works there either from the outside
or inside Malaysia. This is because the increasing number of job offered that make
the number of immigrant increase by year. There are not many habitant can afford to
have their own transport especially for the immigrant, therefore, a good public
transport is needed for them to make their daily lifes activities easier. There are
three main public transports operating in Kuala Lumpur that are bus, train and taxi.

2.1.1 Statistics of Transportation Usage

In Kuala Lumpur, bus is the most important public transport service. Buses have the
most passengers among the public transport service and make approximately
600,000 trips each day. In 2011, almost 60% of Kuala Lumpur populations lived
within 400 meters of a bus route, and the coverage is expected to increase up to
70% by 2012, as the priority is to deliver 50% of the share in public transportation
there. The public rail transportation is fairly extensive and has a total distance
coverage of 224.6km. The public rail services make a total of 560,000 trips daily and
they have 7 main routes.

Trip ratio in current scenario (2010) versus target scenario by 2020.

3

Number of daily trips by each transport mode in Kuala Lumpur in 2010

Type of transport

Daily trips

Percentage

Private transport

6,000,000

83

Buses

600,000

8.3

LRT (light rail transit)

400,000

5.5

KTM commuter

100,000

1.4

Taxis

80,000

Monorail

40,000

0.5

ERL (express rail link)

20,000

0.3

Based on the chart above, only 17% habitant in Kuala Lumpur take public transport.
That include 8.3% buses, 5.5% LRT, 1.4% KTM, 1% taxi, 0.5% monorail and 0.3%
ERL. Although most people live near the public transport routes or station but they
prefer to use their own private transport; as from the chat above, 83% use private
transport. The main reason behind the poor public transportation usage and overdependency on private cars is because most travellers prefer cars that are more cost
and time effective than an unplanned public transport system.

2.1.2 Statistics of Users

Train
Table 1 shows the statistics of socio-demographic of KTM Komuter (train)
respondents. A total of 200 samples were distributed. About 60.5% of responders
consider the majority were female.

The highest percentage of age group was age between 18-30 (65.5%), the second
highest group between 31-40 (20.0%) followed by 41-50 years old (9.5%). Another
4.0% at the age between 51-60 years and only 1% of them age above 60 years.

% users
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

proffessional
and
managerial

clerical and
sales

skilled worker semi-skilled

and unskilled

academic

others

As for occupation of area of profession, 40.5% of the respondents were in academic

field, which consist of students, teachers or even tutor and lecturers from
universities. About 17.5% respondents come from professional and managerial
group, followed by skilled worker (14.5%), then semi-skilled and unskilled worker
(12.5%). The remaining 10.5% of the responders were from clerical and sales group
and another 4.5% from other group.

The income band corresponding to the highest proportion of respondents (41.5%) is

RM 1000 and below per month as most of them couldnt afford to have their own
transport. The next highest income categories were RM 2001-RM 3000 per month
7

(27.5%) followed by RM 1001-RM 2000 per month (18.5%) and another 12.5% has
income RM 3000 and more.

On average the number of vehicle ownership is one (1) vehicle in a family. But
surprisingly a large percentage of 15.5% owned four (4) vehicles or more in a
household but still choose commuter as a mode of transport.

Buses
Total sample as of 20 December is 3102 passengers with demographic as below:

Based on the picture above, male dominate the percentage of passenger by 59%
while female 41%.The highest percentage of age group was age between 18-25
(51%), the second highest group between <=17 (24%) followed by 26-40 years old
(19%). Another 5% at the age between 41-55 years and only 1% of them age above
56 years. As for profession, 52% of the respondents are students. About 34%
respondents come from worker, followed by self-employed (8%), then not working
(5%). The remaining 1% is a group of retired. As for the race, Malay lead up to 78%
followed by Chinese (10%). Indian and others have 8% and 4%.

As for factors using public buses, most people agree about easy access and limited
transportation choice, followed by the route information. Mostly bus can go to
common place or workplace. Almost 30% of respondent choose because it is
comfort in the bus.707 of responded choose passenger-friendliness as the factor.
The last is punctuality with 519 respondent choose.

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2.2 Buses

2.2.1 Source of Energy and Usage

Almost all the bus in Kuala Lumpur are mainly using diesel oil as the source of
energy. As for there are many buses in the city, the usage of diesel oil are
increasing. This worries the government as the usage of diesel oil will bring many
bad effects to the country and the people. The diesel oil will cause global emission.
Diesel emissions contribute to the development of cancer; cardiovascular and
respiratory health effects; pollution of air, water, and soil; soiling; reductions in
visibility; and global climate change. This brings danger to the habitants of Kuala
Lumpur. The prices of diesel also increases by every year which burden the bus
owner and also burden the users of this kind of public transport as by increasing of
the diesel will increase the fare. In Graph 2.2.1.1 shows the increasing price (dollar
per litre) of diesel yearly since 1991 to 2013.

11

As the increasing price of diesel and the dangers it offers, the government are
now searching a new renewable and eco-friendly source such as bio-fuels, electric
or solar. Recently, the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water (KeTTHA)
and Amdac (M) Sdn Bhd has produce an electric bus. According to Amdac group
chief executive officer Datuk M. Rafie Sain the bus is supposed to reach 250km to
300km per charge. He said the electric bus is battery operated and has zero carbon
emissions. This is great step towards creating a greener bus as it can reduce the
pollution by 40% by the year 2020. KeTTHA deputy minister Datuk Seri Mahdzir
Khalid who launched the event said the National Green Technology policy was
introduced in 2009, to create a conducive environment for the public.

The other alternative energy sources that are commonly used for buses in
Kuala Lumpur is NGV (natural gas vehicle). Nowadays more and more buses are
using natural gas as the main source of energy. The natural gas also contribute in
pollution. But the advantages of using natural gas as an energy source is that it is
cheaper than diesel and petroleum as it is less demanding sources. Below shows
the pie chart of the usage of primary energy sources in Malaysia in the year 2012.

12

2.2.2 Manufacturing Cost

Malaysia Infrastructure Limited is a 100% government-owned company which was

set up to own the assets of multi-modal public transport operator Malaysia, under the
government's move to restructure the city's public transport system. It is one of the
largest public-transport company in Malaysia. This company hold many shares in the
Kuala Lumpur transportation company. The biggest company is the RapidKL. Rapid
KL buses operates in Kuala Lumpur, Klang Valley and Selangor, providing services
for more than 200 routes. RapidKL now owns more than 1400 buses.
The bus service in Kuala Lumpur facing problems with lower ridership because of an
increase in private car usage and the lack of capital investments. The two new bus
consortia which were formed in the mid-1990s to take over all bus services in Kuala
Lumpur Intrakota and Cityliner began facing financial problems. Intrakota had
reportedly accumulated losses amounting to RM450 million from the 1997/1998
financial crisis until Prasarana took over in 2003, and debts of more than RM250
million between 1994 and 2003. With lower revenues, bus operators could not
maintain their fleets, much less invest in more buses.
Diesel buses are the most common type of bus in Kuala Lumpur, and they cost
around $300,000 per vehicle and buses powered by natural gas are becoming more
popular, and they cost about $30,000 more per bus than diesels do. The companies
in Kuala Lumpur are facing financial problems as the people much more preferred
using their private cars.
Other than this, the cost to prepare the facilities for the bus are also expensive. The
facilities are such as the bus stops. The government spend around RM6,000 for
each

bus stops

that

are shown

in the

picture
below.
13

There are two central bus station in Kuala Lumpur that connects other cities with it.
Its called Pudu Sentral Terminal which connects with the north of Malaysia and
Terminal Bersepadu Selatan (TBS) which connects the south side. Pudu Sentral
Terminal costs the government RM3 million (approx. US$ 817,000). And the TBS
costs RM 4 million.

The view from inside of TBS

The view from inside of Pudu Terminal

Apart from building stations the government also spent a lot on building expressways
to make the bus travelling easier. The main express way that is commonly used by
Kuala Lumpur citizens is the Kuala Lumpur Seremban Expressway E37 is a
main expressway in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This express ways have the length of
14

8.1 km (5.0 mi). It cost the government RM32.9 million to build this express way. And
there are many more express way that linking Kuala Lumpur and other cities. The
main express way is the Northern-South Expressway (PLUS). It is the longest
expressway in Malaysia with the total length of about 772 km (480 mi). It connects
the northest state to the southest state, including Kuala Lumpur which is in the
middle. This highway had cost the government RM 6billion to construct it. And it cost
more and more with the expansion and for the maintenance. Next page shows the
picture of PLUS route:

15

2.2.3 Fares

The common bus fare are as shown in the table below:

Bus Service

Adult Fare

Concession Fare

RM 1.00 (1 zone)

RM 0.50 (1 zone)

RM 1.90 (2 zones)

RM 0.90 (2 zones)

RM 2.50 (3 zones)

RM 1.20 (3 zones)

RM 3.00 (4 zones and more)

RM 1.50 (4 zones and more)

BANDAR

RM 1.00

RM 0.50

TEMPATAN

RM 1.00

RM 0.50

EKSPRESS

RM 3.80

RM 1.90

UTAMA

16

And the maps are:

The fares are at medium rate as it is to attract the people of Kuala Lumpur to use the
public transportation in order to reduce the pollution and contamination. Although the
prices are low, the destination of the bus is still few. The bus doesnt cover every part
of the city. This make it difficult for the people to use it on a daily basis. The people
are more preferred to use their private motorcycle to go to somewhere in the city as
it is more cheap and save more time. This because the circulation of the buses are
not very efficient. Furthermore the traffic jam in Kuala Lumpur are making each travel
more time consuming.

17

Traffic jam in Kuala Lumpur

In Malaysia the buses doesnt have their own lane in the highway like in Barcelona.
The bus will also get stuck in the traffic jam. Normal traffic jam will last for hours.
Thats why the people are more preferred to use motorcycles as it is easier to move
around the traffic and much more cheaper. The government should lower the fare
and create a bus lane to attract more people to use the bus as a daily transportation.
The people can use cash to buy a ticket or just simply use a bus card to pay the
fares. There are many kind of cards that can be used by different type of people.

18

There are cards for local student that offers 50% discount for the card and gets an
unlimited rides for 30 days:

Cards for foreigners student which also gets the same privilege as local student but
the card cost RM10 more:

Cards for the senior citizens which gets 50% discount for every journey:

19

2.2.4 Problems

The main problem about the bus is the pollution that they produce. Such as air
pollution and sound pollution. The air pollution can be reduce by using a eco-friendly
sources of energy instead of diesel. And the sound pollution can be reduce by the
manufacturers by using an appropriate parts that follows the law to make the bus.
Below shows graph of the value of carbon dioxide emitted by the transportations:

As you can see the emissions of carbon dioxide are increasing in Malaysia. This can
be reduce if the people use the bus and can further reduce if the bus itself doesnt
emit carbon dioxide that is the bus use an eco-friendly energy source such as
electric. The government are taking this very serious as they are experimenting on
using electric and bio-fuels as a change for natural gas and diesel. The electric and
bio-fuels doesnt emit much carbon as diesel. Furthermore there are renewable
sources and cost much cheaper.
20

Also there is a problem that the bus doesnt have much facilities for the
handicapped peoples. In Barcelona, the buses have many facilities for the
handicapped such as their own seats, the bus lowered when peoples enter the bus
and a place to situate wheel chairs and baby carriages. In Kuala Lumpur there isnt
such things. There also fewer seats in the bus. Only a few people can get a seat in
the bus while the rest stands. Below shows the interior of a typical bus in Kuala
Lumpur:

The bus are also very inefficient as they does not covers every part of Kuala Lumpur
and the time different for each circulation are very long. Also they are no bus lane in
Kuala Lumpur. This can make the bus stuck in traffic and takes a very long time to
arrive at desire destination. The fare are also pretty high for a normal Malaysian to
use the bus on a daily basis.

21

2.3 Trains

2.3.1 Source of Energy and Usage

As a developing country, all trains in Malaysia use a free-pollutant source of energy
which is electricity. It is the most efficient renewable energy that can be generated
easily. Unlike the bus, trains make no effect on non-renewable resources in
Malaysia, hence this green-public transport is tremendously grows by the
government. There are many types of trains in Malaysia, which are LRT (Light
Railway Transit), KTM (Keretapi Tanah Melayu), and monorail. For the LRT, it
consists three different types; two of them is used in Kuala Lumpur; named Kelana
Jaya Line and Ampang Line. Both of this trains covered most places in Kuala
Lumpur. While the other one is the Aerotrain (used at KLIA Airport; to ferry
passengers between the main terminal building and the satellite building). But, LRT
is totally different from KTM, as KTM provides a service that linking the main cities in
Malaysia. For an example, the immigrant that lives on the other state uses KTM
service to get in and out of Kuala Lumpur. For LRT and monorail, there are only
slightly different between each other, but still they only works in Kuala Lumpur.

KTM

Monorail

22

2.3.2 Manufacturing Cost

Same as the other country, this train does not need much facilities to operate. It only
needs a railway tracks, and some stations to pick and left passengers according to
their desired destination. For KTM, starting from 2012, the government had invested
RM1.9b (Euro 452.000,00) for getting 38 sets of new trains named MyKomuter.
These commuters have been invented to ensure only the best services are provided
to the passengers. It has 6 new coaches for each train and two of them is
specialized only for ladies. The reason for this case is, to comfort the ladies
throughout their journey.
For Aerotrain, it works partially underground. It had been design with track length of
1.2km and only takes 2.5 minutes from terminal building to satellite building. This is
one of the best invention engineered at the KLIA (Kuala Lumpur International
Airport). While, both LRT and Monorail are conducted by the gigantic company,
RapidKL. RapidKL is an excellent company as they provides various types of public
transports at every stations. This will ease the passengers to move around the city
and at the same time, they do make a great profit as users keep using their service.
There are some ways how to distinguish between LRT and monorail, we can see
from the way the railway tracks constructed. Mostly, LRT uses a surface-track mode
same as the bus, while monorail uses an elevated railway tracks. Besides, LRT has
four to six coaches in each train compared to monorail which only have 2 coaches.
The reason for this case is the LRT have more stations to cover within the Kuala
Lumpur itself while monorail only have 11 stations. This cause the time taken for
monorail to move from the first station to the last one only takes about 5 minutes.
The usage of tickets machine are also maximized as to easy passenger in buying
tickets.

23

24

25

2.3.3 Fares

A tolerated fares also given to the public transports users. The Deputy Prime
Minister, Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin said that government should give discount to
enhance the citizens to use public transport. For an example, KTMB which is the
owner of the KTM provide a 50% discount for the purchase of weekly tickets, and
free transport for students wearing uniforms, the handicapped, and senior citizens.
As a result, the percentage of people that use public transport increases to 25%,
according to the policy of NKRA (National Key Result Area). Until now, the target still
not achieved as public transport in Malaysia today not too effective and convenient.

26

2.3.4 Problems
All types of train in Malaysia are almost a perfect free-environmental-problem
transport, as it do not produce any CO2 which can cause a depletion of the ozone
layer. It is the best transport ever made in Malaysia, and should be a proud for the
Malaysia citizens (although most countries nowadays use the free-pollutant one).
The only problem is their service. It is too hard for the monorail to be on time
according to the time table that has provided. Some reasons come from the peak
hours cause, as too many people use the public transport at exactly one same time.
Hence the delaying of each trip cause the next trip affected.

27

2.4 Taxi
A taxi, also known as a cab, is a type of vehicle for hire with a driver, used by
a single passenger or small group of passengers, often for a non-shared ride.
A taxi conveys passengers between locations of their choice. This differs from
other modes of public transport where the pick-up and drop-off locations are
determined by the service provider, not by the passenger. In Kuala Lumpur,
the colour of taxi usually red and white. Picture below show the example of
taxi in Kuala Lumpur.

28

2.4.1 Source of Energy and Usage

Petroleum
Just like others cars, taxis in Kuala Lumpur usually powered by petroleum. A
taxi normally use about 7 to 10 litre of petroleum per day, depending on the
number of passengers it manage to get. Since 2008, the price of the
petroleum in Malaysia keep increasing. Table below show the price of
petroleum in Malaysia from 2008 to 2014 in Ringgit Malaysia (RM)

Taxi driver considered as a low income job in Malaysia.Thus, the increasing of

the price of petroleum leave significant impact to taxi drivers income. Hence,
many of them prefer to use compressed natural gas.(CNG) which is much
cheaper. Table above show the cost comparison between petrol and
NGV/CNG

29

COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS

In Malaysia, the use of compressed natural gas was originally introduced for
taxicabs and airport limousines during the late-1990s, when new taxis were
launched with NGV engines while taxicab operators were encouraged to send
in existing taxis for full engine conversions, reducing their costs of operation.
Any vehicle converted to use CNG is labelled with white rhombus "NGV"
(Natural Gas Vehicle) tags, lending to the common use of "NGV" when
referring to road vehicles with CNG engine. Petronas, Malaysia's state-owned
oil company, monopolises the provision of CNG. As of July 2014, Petronas
only operates about 150 CNG refuelling stations, most of which are
concentrated in the Kuala Lumpur. At the same time, another 50 was
expected by the end of 2014.

As fuel subsidies were gradually removed in Malaysia starting June 5, 2008,

the subsequent 41% price hike on petrol and diesel led to a 500% increase in
the number of new CNG tanks installed. National car maker Proton
considered fitting its Waja, Saga and Persona models with CNG kits from
Prins Autogassystemen, while a local distributor of locally assembled Hyundai
cars offers new models with CNG kits. Conversion centres, which also
benefited from the rush for lower running costs, also perform partial
conversions to existing road vehicles, mostly taxi, allowing them to run on
both petrol or diesel and CNG with a cost varying between RM3,500 to
RM5,000 for passenger cars.

30

2.4.2 Manufacturing Cost

To make the use of taxi is possible, the government need to provide the
infrastructure such as the traffic system and road. This is not a big problem for
the government as this infrastructure are shared with other road users. In
Kuala Lumpur, taxi normally take it passenger from bus stand, which is
shared with bus. Stands are normally located at high-traffic locations such as
airports, hotel driveways, railway stations, shopping centres, and major street
intersections. Usually stands are marked by simple painted signs. Stands
generally work as a first-come, first-served queue, so that the first taxi to
arrive on the stand (the one at the front of the line) serves the first passenger
to arrive, and as the first taxi leaves, each taxi behind it moves ahead one
spot, with the last taxi to arrive taking the last spot. For the taxi that using
CNG as it source of energy, the government, through Petronas, has provide
about 150 CNG refuelling stations.

One of the CNG refuelling stations in Kuala Lumpur

31

2.4.3 Fare
On a taxi roof, there is this sign with the word "bermeter", which means metered
taxi.It is suggested to avoid taxis refusing to use the meter at all costs, regardless of
traffic conditions or inclement weather (which may mean a heavy tropical downpour,
causing flash floods in some low-lying streets).There have been many incidents of
taxi drivers charging extravagant fares, especially among tourists, therefore, tourists
are advised to travel with taxis who charge fare according to meters. Always insist on
the use of meters. KL metered fare system is RM3.00 for the first 1 km and RM0.87
for every 1km after that. Should a taxi be called by phone there is a surcharge of
RM2.00, and also surcharge of RM1.00 per piece for extra luggage. If a cabbie uses
an expressway, there'll be toll charges and this is paid by the passenger

32

2.4.4 Problem
Air Pollution
Air pollution in Kuala Lumpur is a serious problem as Kuala Lumpur has really poor
air quality. The major reason leading to pollution in Kuala Lumpur is caused by
burning fossil fuels. A lot of transport is used through an entire day in Kuala Lumpur
leading out car emissions, causing air pollution. Like other car, when taxi engine is
running, several different types of gasses and particles are emitted that can have
bad effects on the environment. Of particular concern to the environment are carbon
dioxide, a greenhouse gas, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and tiny particles of solids,
such as metal and soot. Other emissions that affect human health are ozone and
carbon monoxide.

33

3 STAKE HOLDERS

3.1 Government, People And Environment

In fact a huger rapid in the economy, lead to increase the rate of vehicles per capita
in Malaysia and its contributing to increase the effect to the people and the
environment. There are many factors contributed by way or others to increase the
effect of public transport to humans and the environment. As for the environment, the
increase of noise and air pollution can be from both taxis and buses as both emit
unhealthy smoke while noise pollution from train. It can be seen that it becomes
major problems for the physical health of the people. In addition, in the developing
industries producing these public transport make it even worst. Therefore, the
government take alternative to build train to reduce the air pollution and increase
satisfaction of people surrounding.
http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/08/05/Air-quality-moderate-to-good/
Also, the government DBKL (Kuala Lumpur City Hall) took their responsibility to
check the environment and health issues.

34

http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Community/2014/08/23/City-folks-health-is-herchief-concern-DBKL-Health-and-Environment-director-shares-the-departments/

Although these public transport cause bad effect to environment, there is benefit
from them. Increasing number of public transport lead increasing of job vacancy to
habitant surrounding from drivers to manager of public transports company. Also, its
easier for students and workers to go to institutions and offices as the operating
hours start at 6.00am and most of those place near to public transports stop.

http://www.myrapid.com.my/rail/operating-hours
http://www.myrapid.com.my/bus/operating-hours

Habitants also choose these public transport because of the frecuency of public
transport. They only have to wait for buses and train for minimum 3 minutes.
http://www.myrapid.com.my/rail/train-frequency

Before, many habitants choose to go with their own private transport than public
transport because of a lot of problems. One of them is the connectivity of station.
The passengers need to walk minutes to change direction or station.
I am aware that the concept of integrated public transport has been talked about for
a long time.
Our previous problem with integration was because each system was developed in
silos. There was no connectivity, said SPAD chairman, Tan Sri Syed Hamid Albar at
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the conclusion of the Second New Urbanism and Smart Transport Conference 2013
held in Kuala Lumpur.
TheStar, Monday January 20, 2014 MYT 12:00:00 AM

Syed Hamid assures that all aspects of integration will be taken care of, though
sceptics say they will have to see the final product before being convinced.
While the engineers are working hard to solve the physical connectivity challenges,
what is happening in terms of ticketing integration is not so clear at the moment.
Much of it hinges on whether all the public transport operators would be willing to
accept a single transit card and cashless ticketing as well as give a slight discount to
those using the transit card versus those who buy single-journey tickets using cash.
http://www.thestar.com.my/Lifestyle/Features/2014/01/20/Integration-is-the-key-topublic-transport/

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3.2 Police
The police of Kuala Lumpur is one of the stack holders especially the traffic police.
During working days, the traffic jam in Kuala Lumpur are very extreme. It can last for
hours. Its up to this traffic police to reduce and handle the mad drivers during this
traffic jam. The police are also the ones who responsible to make the road safe. As
the vehicles are increasing, the accident happens in Kuala Lumpur also increasing.
Below shows the statistics of accidents that happen in Kuala Lumpur:
Hence the police is asking for the peoples to use the public transportation so that the
numbers of vehicles on the road are lesser. They also wants the drivers of the public
transportations to drive safer and the transport itself follows the law in Malaysia. The
link below shows a statement from the newspaper stating that the police are advising
the drivers to drive safely during the vacation as there are 1.5 million people are
travelling at that time. http://www.nst.com.my/node/17714

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3.3 Council of Users

The council of users in Kuala Lumpur (KPNDKK) are the councils that care for the
users of Malaysia in all aspect. They control the price of products by advising the
government and receive comments from the people to bring it up to the government.
KPNDKK asks the government and the bus and trains council to lowers the price of
fare as it is a little bit burden for the people to use the public transportations on daily
basis. To lowers the price of the fares, KPNDKK monitors the price of diesel and
investigate abusive usage of the diesel. KPNDKK also investigate if they are case of
diesel stealing in Malaysia. Below shows an article from a newspaper named New
Straits Time:

The KPDNKK clearly wants that the people use the diesel subsidies that given by the
government are use with much responsibility so that the diesel are enough for
everyone and it prices are as low as possible.

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3.4 Drivers

The drivers are the one responsible to take care of their respective public
transports. They also the ones that have to care for the users satisfaction while they
are using the public transports. But nowadays its very difficult to keep the customers
satisfy as the traffic jam are getting worse by days especially for the bus and taxi
drivers. The facilities on the road for the bus and taxi are quite few as there is no an
only bus-taxi lane like in Barcelona. This makes the bus and taxi also stuck in the
traffic jam. This makes the users unsatisfied for the users as its takes a long time just
to get to a near place. The council of bus driver are asking for the government to
make bus-taxi only lane in Kuala Lumpur to make travelling faster. They are also
very few safety features for the bus drivers to avoid burglar and murderers. Recently
many bus drivers were killed in the bus by burglars. The bus drivers asks the
manufacturer of bus to add more safety features on the bus to avoid these kind of
things. Below shows an article about this incident:

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3.5 Tourists
The tourists from other countries praised the Malaysias public transportation
services. This is because most of the drivers speaks English fluently. This makes the
tourist to travel easier and can communicate easier. They are also many public
transportations that are direct and easy to go to the place of attractions for the
tourists. This is because the Malaysia government really focus in the tourism sector
as there many place of attractions in Malaysia especially in Kuala Lumpur. Below
shows the statistics of the number of tourist that come to Malaysia since 1998 to
2013:

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3.6 Immigrant
Many people from outside Kuala Lumpur travel to the city every day, normally for
work as the city provide huge jobs opportunity. Many of them want to use public
transport, such as bus instead of private transport as the cost is much lower.
Unfortunately, there are some problem with the bus service. For example, bus in
Kuala Lumpur do not have its own lane. Hence, bus, like other private transport
always trapped in traffic jam. Other problem is the bus do not follow the schedule
and always late. So, the passengers would be late for their job.

3.7 Handicapped People

In Kuala Lumpur, the public transport facility for handicapped people is considered
as poor. Most of the people with disability usually using wheelchair. But, most of the
public transport do not wheelchair friendly. It cant be deny that there is some work
been taken out by some companies who prepare facilities that is user friendly for
OKU. For example, Syarikat Prasarana Negara Bhd (Prasarana) group had
purchased 150 buses from Germany that are designed to enable people with
disabilities to board and disembark without having to be assisted.
http://globalaccessibilitynews.com/2011/09/20/prasarana-introduces-accessiblebuses-people-with-disabilities-in-kuala-lumpur/

If we look carefully, the public transport that needed by OKU is transport that could
send them door by door, which is taxi service. However, taxi in Kuala Lumpur in not
Oku friendly. Although there is still some taxi driver which really takes care of that
customer with wheel chair, but how many are they? Sometimes the problem occurs
is not because the humanity of them, but because of the taxi that they drive cant
take customer with wheel chair.

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There is increasing taxi service in our country. Those cars have been made into taxi
with just increase fees which is not that high which they said for the comfortable of
customer. However, does it include the type of taxi that could take wheel chair?

The problem to solve by taxi to take customer with wheel chair could be see in this
website, or YouTube.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x09ohimNZV0 (The video showed is just an
acting).

Below is the explanation of that problem:

1. The attitude of taxi driver feel that customer with wheelchair is very troublesome
and will slow it down. It may because the taxi driver were in a hurry because the
fastest they move, the more customer they get.
2. Attitude of driver which feels that customer with wheelchair is very complicated.
OKUs wheelchair really needs others to put in the wheelchair in the car after they go
into the car. However, the driver feel that the customer just bring problem for them.

Government encourages transport companies to provide fare discount to people with

disabilities. Up to now there are several transportation companies have an incentive
to transport the disabled. Among Malaysian Airline System provides up to 50%
cheaper fares for domestic flights, Malayan Railway provides concessional fares by
up to 50% of all trips for all classes, bus company transnational give concessions
50% of the fare and Putra-LRT also has a concession fare to the disabled.
http://www.myrapid.com.my/tickets-fares/concession-cards
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