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CHEM 101
Firtha
3 March 2014
Chp 3 Textbook Problems
4;23;26;27;30;31;34;38;41;46;50;51;54;57;60;63;67;70;79;83;92;93;96;102;111;116;119;125;133;141;151
4.
The empirical formula is the simplest whole number ratio of elements in a compound; it provides a
relative number of atoms in each element type. The molecular formula gives the actual number of atoms
of atoms of each element in one molecule of a compound. The molecular formula is related to the
empirical formula-the subscripts in the empirical formula are multiplied by a whole number in order to
give the molecular formula.
27.
30.
31.
a. molecular element
b. molecular compound
c. atomic element
34.
38.
41.
a. Copper nitrate
b. Magnesium acetate
c. Barium nitrate
d. lead (II) acetate
e. potassium chlorate
f. iron (II) sulfate
46.
a. Co3(PO4)2*8H20
b. beryllium chloride dihydrate
c. Cr PO4 *3H20
d. lithium nitrite hydrate
50.
a. Bbr3
b. Cl2O
c. XeFl4
d. Cbr4
e. B2Cl4
51.
a. Hydroiodic acid
b. nitric acid
c. carbonic acid
d. acetic acid
54.
a. H3PO4
b. HCN
c. HclO2
57.
a. 25.5g NO2
25.5g NO2* (1 mol NO2/46.01g NO2) = 0.55 mol NO2
b. 1.25kg CO2
1.25kg CO2* (1mol CO2/44.01 CO2)* (1000g/1kg) = 28.4 mol CO2
c. 38.2 g KNO3
38.2g KNO3 * (1 mol KNO3/101.11g KNO3) = 0.378 mol KNO3
d. 155.2 kg Na2SO4
155.2kg Na2SO4 * (1 mol/142.05 g/mol) * (1000g/kg) = 1093 mol Na2SO4
60.
a. 85.26 g CCl4
85.26g CCl4*(1 mol CCl4/153.81g CCl4) * (6.022 x 10^23 molecules/1 mol CCl4) =
= 3.338 x 10^23 Ccl4 molecules
b. 55.93 kg NaHCO3
55.93 kg NaHCO3 * (1000g/1kg) * (1mol NAHCO3/84.00g NaHCO3) * (6.022 x 10^23 NaHCO3
molecules/ 1 mol NaHCO3) =
= 4.010 x 10^26 NaHCO3 molecules
c. 119.78 g C4H10
119.78 g C4H10 * (1mol C4H10/58.12g C4H10) * (6.022 x 10^23 molecules C4H10/1 mol C4H10)
= 1.241 * x 10^24 C4H10 molecules
d. 4.59 x 10^5 g Na3PO4
4.59 x 10^5 g Na3PO4 * ( 1 mol Na3PO4/163.94g Na3PO4) * (6.022 X 10^23 molecules Na3PO4/ 1 mol
Na3PO4)
= 1.69 x 10^27 Na3PO4 molecules
63.
1.8 x 10^17 sucrose molecules (C12H22O11)
1.8 x 10^17 sucrose molecules * (1 mol C12H22O11/6.022 x 10^23 molecules C12H22O11) * (342.296 g
C12H22O11/1 mol C12H22O11)
67.
= 1.022 * x10^-4 g
= 0.1022 mg of C12H22O11
NH3, CO(NH2)2, NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4
a. NH3
14.01/17.034 = 82.25% of nitrogen in NH3
b. CO(NH2)2
28.02/60.062 = 46.65% of nitrogen in CO(NH2)2
c. NH4NO3
28.02/80.052 = 35% of nitrogen in NH4NO3
d. (NH4)2SO4
28.02/132.154 = 21.20% of nitrogen in NH4NO3
Fertilizer with highest nitrogen content is NH3
70.
75.27g AgCl
a. (155x10^-3 / 75.27) x 100 = 0.21 g
79.
Se 0.01827 Br 0.07310
Se1Br4
SeBr4
83. The element mass percent compoition of ibuprofen (aspirin substitute) is 75.69% C, 8.80% H, and 15.51% O
75.69/12.01 = 6.302 mol C
8.80/1.008 = 8.73 mol H
15.51/16.00 = 0.9694 mol O
C6.302 H8.73 O 0.9694
-------- --------- ------(0.9694(0.9694) (0.9694)
= C6.501 H9.01 O1.000
C13O18O2
92.
93.
96.
102.
How many molecules of ethanol (C2H5OH) are present in 145 mL of ethanol? Density of ethanol is
0.789 g/cm^3
mass of ethanol density of ethanol x volume of ethanol
mass of ethanol = 0.789 g/cm^3 x 145 mL (1ml = 1cm^3)
= 114.405g
number of molecules = weight of the ethanol/gram molecular weight x 6.023
= 114.41 /46.044 g/mole x 6.023 x 10^23 molecules
= 1.50 x 10^24 molecules of ethanol
125.
133.
141.
38.0% of PbS
25.0% of PbCO3
17.4% of PbSO4
This implies that 100kg of the rock contains the following ores
38.0 kg of PbS
25.0 kg of PbCO3
17.4 kg of PbSO4
Mass of Pb = molar mass of PB/molar mass of PbS x mass of PbS
= 207/239.1 x 38.0 kg
mass of Pb = 32.9 kg
mass of Pb = molar mass of Pb/molar mass of PbCO3 x mass of PbCO3
= 207/267 x 25.0 kg
mass of Pb = 19.4 kg
mass of Pb = molar mass of PB/molar mass of PbSO4 x mass of PbPbSO4
= 207/303.1 x 17.4 kg
mass of Pb = 11.9 kg
total amount of lead = 32.8 kg + 18.4 kg + 11.9 kg
= 64.2 kg
Mass% of the element = weight of the element/total weight of the compound x 100%
O element with highest mass % composition in the compound of H2SO4
S Second element with highest mass % composition in the compound H2SO4
H element has least mass % composition in the compound of H2SO4