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Newsha Sajadi

CHEM 101
Firtha
3 March 2014
Chp 3 Textbook Problems
4;23;26;27;30;31;34;38;41;46;50;51;54;57;60;63;67;70;79;83;92;93;96;102;111;116;119;125;133;141;151
4.

The empirical formula is the simplest whole number ratio of elements in a compound; it provides a
relative number of atoms in each element type. The molecular formula gives the actual number of atoms
of atoms of each element in one molecule of a compound. The molecular formula is related to the
empirical formula-the subscripts in the empirical formula are multiplied by a whole number in order to
give the molecular formula.

23. Determine the number of each type of atom in each formula:


a. Number of magnesium (Mg) atoms present in Mg3 (PO4)2 compound = 3
Number of phosphorous (P) atoms present in Mg3 (PO4)2 = 2
Number of oxygen (O) atoms present in Mg3 (PO4)2 = 8
Magnium phosphate (Mg3(PO4)2) is composed of three Mg, 2 P, and eight O atoms.
b. Number of barium (ba) atoms present in BaCl2 compound = 1
Number of chlorine (Cl) atoms present in BaCl2 = 2
Hence, barium chloride (BaCl2) is composed of one Ba and two Cl atoms
c. Number of iron (fe) atoms present in Fe (NO2)2 compound = 1
Number of nitrogen (N) atoms in Fe(NO2)2 = 2
Number of oxygen (O) atoms present in Fe(NO2)2 = 4
Hence, iron nitrate Fe(NO2)2 is composed of one Fe, two N and four O atoms.
d. Number of calcium (Ca) atoms present in Ca (OH)2 compound = 1
Number of hydrogen (H) atoms present in Ca (OH)2 = 2
Number of oxygen (O) atoms present in Ca (OH)2 = 2
Hence, calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 is composed of one Ca, two H and two O atoms
26. Write a chemical formula for each molecular model.
a. Red color ocrresponds to oxygen
Blue corresponds to nitrogen
In the figure, it is given that a blue colored species is surrounded with 2 red colored species. So the
formula of the compound is NO2
b. Yellow color corresponds to sulfur
Grey color corresponds to hydrogen
In the figure, it is given that a yellow colord speices is surrounded by 2 grey colored species. So the
formula of the compound is H2S
c. Black color corresponds to carbon
Grey color corresponds to hydrogen
In the figure, it is given that a black colored species is surrounded with 4 grey colored species
So the formula of the compound is CH4

27.

a. Neon atomic element


b. Fluorine molecular
c. potassium atomic
d. nitrogen molecular

30.

a. CF2Cl2 Molecular compound


b. Ccl4 Molecular compound
c. PtO2 Ionic compound
d. SO3 Molecular compound

31.

a. molecular element
b. molecular compound
c. atomic element

34.

a. Silver and chlorine Ag+ Cl==> AgCl


Sum of the charges on the Ag+ cations = 1+
Sum of the charges on the Cl anions = 1Hence, charges cancel.
b. Sodium and sulfur Na+1 S -2
==> Na2S
Sum of the charges on the Na +cations = 1+
Sum of the charges on the S anions = 2Hence, the formula of the ionic compound formed from sodium and sulfur atoms is Na2S.
c. Aluminum and sulfur Al+3 S-2
==>Al2S3
Sum of the charges on the Al3+ cations = 2 (3+) = 6+
Sum of the charges on the S2- anions = 3 (2-) = 6Hence, the charges cancel.
d. Potassium and chlorine K+1 Cl+1
Sum of the charges on the K+ cations = 1+
Sum of the charges on the Cl anions = 1Hence, the charges cancel.
Hence, the formula of the ionic compound formed from potassium and chlorine atoms is KCl

38.

a. Tin (IV) Chloride


b. Lead (II) Iodide
c. Iron (III) oxide
d. Copper (II) iodide
e. Tin (II) oxide
f. Mercury (II) bromide
g. Chromium (II) chloride
h. Chromium (III) chloride

41.

a. Copper nitrate

b. Magnesium acetate
c. Barium nitrate
d. lead (II) acetate
e. potassium chlorate
f. iron (II) sulfate
46.

a. Co3(PO4)2*8H20
b. beryllium chloride dihydrate
c. Cr PO4 *3H20
d. lithium nitrite hydrate

50.

a. Bbr3
b. Cl2O
c. XeFl4
d. Cbr4
e. B2Cl4

51.

a. Hydroiodic acid
b. nitric acid
c. carbonic acid
d. acetic acid

54.

a. H3PO4
b. HCN
c. HclO2

57.

a. 25.5g NO2
25.5g NO2* (1 mol NO2/46.01g NO2) = 0.55 mol NO2
b. 1.25kg CO2
1.25kg CO2* (1mol CO2/44.01 CO2)* (1000g/1kg) = 28.4 mol CO2
c. 38.2 g KNO3
38.2g KNO3 * (1 mol KNO3/101.11g KNO3) = 0.378 mol KNO3
d. 155.2 kg Na2SO4
155.2kg Na2SO4 * (1 mol/142.05 g/mol) * (1000g/kg) = 1093 mol Na2SO4

60.

a. 85.26 g CCl4
85.26g CCl4*(1 mol CCl4/153.81g CCl4) * (6.022 x 10^23 molecules/1 mol CCl4) =
= 3.338 x 10^23 Ccl4 molecules
b. 55.93 kg NaHCO3
55.93 kg NaHCO3 * (1000g/1kg) * (1mol NAHCO3/84.00g NaHCO3) * (6.022 x 10^23 NaHCO3
molecules/ 1 mol NaHCO3) =
= 4.010 x 10^26 NaHCO3 molecules
c. 119.78 g C4H10
119.78 g C4H10 * (1mol C4H10/58.12g C4H10) * (6.022 x 10^23 molecules C4H10/1 mol C4H10)
= 1.241 * x 10^24 C4H10 molecules
d. 4.59 x 10^5 g Na3PO4

4.59 x 10^5 g Na3PO4 * ( 1 mol Na3PO4/163.94g Na3PO4) * (6.022 X 10^23 molecules Na3PO4/ 1 mol
Na3PO4)
= 1.69 x 10^27 Na3PO4 molecules
63.
1.8 x 10^17 sucrose molecules (C12H22O11)
1.8 x 10^17 sucrose molecules * (1 mol C12H22O11/6.022 x 10^23 molecules C12H22O11) * (342.296 g
C12H22O11/1 mol C12H22O11)

67.

= 1.022 * x10^-4 g
= 0.1022 mg of C12H22O11
NH3, CO(NH2)2, NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4
a. NH3
14.01/17.034 = 82.25% of nitrogen in NH3
b. CO(NH2)2
28.02/60.062 = 46.65% of nitrogen in CO(NH2)2
c. NH4NO3
28.02/80.052 = 35% of nitrogen in NH4NO3
d. (NH4)2SO4
28.02/132.154 = 21.20% of nitrogen in NH4NO3
Fertilizer with highest nitrogen content is NH3

70.

75.27g AgCl
a. (155x10^-3 / 75.27) x 100 = 0.21 g

79.

a. 1.651 g Ag, 0.1224g O


1.651/107.87 = 0.0153
0.1224/16.00 = 0.00765
Ag0.0153/(0.00765) O 0.00765(0.00765)
= Ag2O
b. 0.672 g Co, 0.569 g As, 0.486g O
0.672/58.93 = 0.0114
0.486/16.00 = 0.0303
0.569/74.92 = .0076
(Co 0.0114/0.0076) (O 0.0303/0.0076) (As 0.0076/0.0076)
= Co1.5 O4 As1
= Co3 O8 As2
Co3As2O8
c. 1.443g Se, 5.841g Br
1.443/78.96 = 0.018275
5.841/79.90 = 0.0731

Se 0.01827 Br 0.07310
Se1Br4
SeBr4
83. The element mass percent compoition of ibuprofen (aspirin substitute) is 75.69% C, 8.80% H, and 15.51% O
75.69/12.01 = 6.302 mol C
8.80/1.008 = 8.73 mol H
15.51/16.00 = 0.9694 mol O
C6.302 H8.73 O 0.9694
-------- --------- ------(0.9694(0.9694) (0.9694)
= C6.501 H9.01 O1.000
C13O18O2
92.

amount of Tartaric acid = 12.05g


amount of carbon dioode = 14.08g
amount of water vapor = 4.32g
a. number of moles of carbon-dioxide = 14.08/44.01 = 0.32 mole
number of moles of water vapor formed = 4.32g/18.016 = 0.24 mole
number of moles of C = 0.32 CO2 x (1mol C/1mol CO2) = 0.32 mole
number of moles of H = 0.24 mole H20 x (2 mol H/1 mol H20) = 0.48 mole
weight of C in carbon dioxide = 0.32 mole x 12.01 g/mole = 3.84g
weight of H in water-vapor = 0.48 mole x 1.008 g /mole = 0.4838g
weight of O in the sampel = 12.01g (3.84+0.4838)g = 7.6862g
Number of moles of O = 7.6862 x 1mole/16g = 0.480 mole
C0.32H0.48O0.480
C=1
H = 1.5
O = 1.5
C2H3O3

93.

SO2 (g) + O2 (g) + H2O (l) H2(SO4) (aq)


SO2 (g) + O2 (g) + H2O (l) H2(SO4) (aq)
5 O atoms on left and 4 O on right
2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) + 2 H2O (l) 2 H2SO4 (aq)

96.

Fe (s) + O2 (g) Fe2O3 (s)


2 oxygen atoms on left, 3 oxygen atoms on right, one iron atom on left and two iron atoms on right
4 Fe (s) + 3O2 (g) 2Fe2O3 (s)

102.

a. Na2S (aq) + Cu (NO3)2 (aq) NaNO3 (aq) + CuS (s)


Na2S (aq) + Cu(NO3)2 (aq) 2NaNO3 (aq) + CuS (s)
b. N2H4 (l) NH3 (g) + N2 (g)

3N2H4 (l) 4NH3 (g) + N2 (g)


c. HCL (aq) + O2 (g) H2O (l) + Cl2 (g)
4 HCL (aq) + O2 (g) 2H2O (l) + 2CL2 (g)
d. FeS(s) + Hcl(aq) FeCl2 (aq) + H2S (g)
FeS (s) + 2 HCL (aq) FeCl2 (aq) + H2S(g)
111.

How many molecules of ethanol (C2H5OH) are present in 145 mL of ethanol? Density of ethanol is
0.789 g/cm^3
mass of ethanol density of ethanol x volume of ethanol
mass of ethanol = 0.789 g/cm^3 x 145 mL (1ml = 1cm^3)
= 114.405g
number of molecules = weight of the ethanol/gram molecular weight x 6.023
= 114.41 /46.044 g/mole x 6.023 x 10^23 molecules
= 1.50 x 10^24 molecules of ethanol

116. Amount of CHF2CL release = 12kg/month


Number of moles of CHF2CL = 12x10^3 * (1mole/86.468g)
=138.78 moles
Number of moles of chlorine in 138.78 moles of CHF2CL
=138.78 moles CHF2CL x (1 chlorine moles/1 mole CHF2CL)
=138.78 moles of Chlorine
The weight of Chlorine released per month = 138.78 moles x 35.45g/mole
4919.75g
Mass of chlorine released for a year = (4919.75/1month) (12 month/year)
= 59037.0 g/year
590.037 kg/year
119.

79.37g C * (1mol C/12.01g C) = 6.60 mol C


8.88g H * ( 1mol/1.008g H) = 8.80 mol H
11.75g O * (1mol O/16.00g O) = 0.73 mol O
Number of moles of the above element can be written as C6.60H8.80O0.73
(C 6.690/0.73) = 9.0
(H 8.80/0.73) = 12.0
(O 0.73/0.73) = 1.0
C9H12O1
Molecular = empirical x n
n = molecular weight/empirial formula weight
272.37g/mol/136.186 g/mol = 2
C18H24O2

125.

Mole mass of the compound = 177g/mol


Let mass of hydrogen be x g
Mass of carbon = 8x g
Atomic mass of Bromine is 79.90 g/mol
Atomic mass of oxygen is 16.00 g/mol
x+8x+79.0 g/mol + 16.00g/mol = 177 g/mol
x = 9.01 g/mol
Mass of hydrogen = 9.01 g
Number of moles of hydroge in the compound = 9.01/1.008g/mol = 8.93 mol = 9mol
Mass of carbon = 8x9.01g = 72.08g
Number of moles of Carbon in the compound = 72.08g/12.01g/mol = 6mol
C6H9BrO

133.

Mass of bag of beef jerky = 8.00 oz


= 8.00oz x 28.35/1oz
= 226.8g
Mass of sodium nitrite per bag = 226.8g of bag * (0.0552g NaNO2/100g of bag)
= 0.1252g of NaNO2
Mass of sodium per bag of beef jerky = 0.1252 g NaNO2 x (22.99 g NA/68.99 g NaNO2)
= 0.0417g
= 0.0417 g * (1000g/1g)
=41.7 mg

141.

38.0% of PbS
25.0% of PbCO3
17.4% of PbSO4
This implies that 100kg of the rock contains the following ores
38.0 kg of PbS
25.0 kg of PbCO3
17.4 kg of PbSO4
Mass of Pb = molar mass of PB/molar mass of PbS x mass of PbS
= 207/239.1 x 38.0 kg
mass of Pb = 32.9 kg
mass of Pb = molar mass of Pb/molar mass of PbCO3 x mass of PbCO3
= 207/267 x 25.0 kg
mass of Pb = 19.4 kg
mass of Pb = molar mass of PB/molar mass of PbSO4 x mass of PbPbSO4
= 207/303.1 x 17.4 kg
mass of Pb = 11.9 kg
total amount of lead = 32.8 kg + 18.4 kg + 11.9 kg
= 64.2 kg

5x10^3 kg * (100 kg /64.2) = 7800 kg


151.

Mass% of the element = weight of the element/total weight of the compound x 100%
O element with highest mass % composition in the compound of H2SO4
S Second element with highest mass % composition in the compound H2SO4
H element has least mass % composition in the compound of H2SO4

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