Alexandria University Faculty of WypASON tale Engineering cue ‘Naval Architecture & Marine - Engineering Dept. AP ad Marine Energy Management yy aa 6 yiak Sa MSe &PhD Exam Cn are ‘Time allowed: 3Hr. By Soy ognnle 2 term exam 2007 eed 2c 2007, AD ait ca 1.A)Answer by {rue or false and then correct the false Photovoltaic system is a thermal solar power system 2. Solar power systems are cheaper than fossil fuel power plants 3. Simple flat collector has same area as coated collectors for the same temperature difference level 4. The calorific value of coal is higher than that of natural gas 5, Steam power plants have higher thermal efficiency than diesel power plants 6. Hydrogen is considered to have the highest calorific value for both mass and volume bases 7. Emissions from nuclear power plants are less than from natural gas plants 8. Methane has the lowest concentration in natural gas composition 9. The percentage of methane in both LNG and CNG is not the same. 10. Fuel celis action is the opposite to the water electrolysis 11, Not all fuel ceil types can be used for transportation power 12.in CHP plants, the thermal efficiency is lower than overali efficiency 13, Sulfur content is the main problem in natural gas 14. Hydrogen cannot be used in space applications 48. The energy of 1 m° of hydrogen is more than that of 1 m° of natural gas 4.B)A Nile floating hotel has a maximum demand of 90 kW of auxiliary power and 240 kW of heat for space heating and hot water. It is decided to use 6 micro CHP units running on natural gas, each developing 15 kW of power and with a heat output of 40 KW. The jacket and oil cooling systems provide thermal energy equivalent to 15% of fuel energy input, and the exhaust cooler provides thermal energy equivalent to 50% of fuel energy input. Water enters each engine at 30°C and leaves at 85°C. taking the specific heat of water at 4.18 kJ/kg-K, and the calorific value of natural gas as 38.5 MJ/m’, calculate: + The rate of volume flow of natural gas, + The overall efficiency of the system, © The mass flow rate of water at 85°C. * Draw the new energy chart of this system -You ave asked to make an air conditioning system and you have both system [ARM of coefficient of performance 0.8 and CRM of coefficient of performance 3 Select the suitable system of this floating hotel, state why? P.T.O 1 —|2.A) You are asked to write an engineering short report on the following: Hydrogen gas turbine, HICE Ocean energy Wind energy converter, Solar energy Fresh water generation Energy through history Combined cycle or i. Gas turbine 2.B) Estimate the mass flow rate of a water pump applied in a floating hotel in Luxor to operate an air conditioning system at the following particulars: © Solar radiation is 1000 Wim? * Collector water temperature is 40/100 °C The performance curves of different collectors at previous conditions are: FRoepoge 60 | 80 | 100 | 110 0.25 | 0.0 Caste] 0 [20 Simple collector (7,) | 0.75 | 0.60 7 Coated collector (n-) | 0.82 | 0.76 0.44 | 0.32 | 0.18 | 00 Evacuated collector | 975 | 0.74 0.8 | 0.50 | 0.40 | 0.36 | Given that the cost is 1000, 2000 and 3000 LEIm? for collectors respectively * Calculate the optimum collector area for efficient heat absorbed * Study the temperature rise of the three types at constant collector efficiency of (n-=0.40) © You are asked to make energy management study for the system, estimate the actual fuel consumption of a boiler which replaces the solar collector. What is your opinion from emissions viewpoint, using NG or hydrogen ? State why. * How can you increase the reliability and maintai system of the new system? 3. A) What is meant by CHP (co-generation) Energy management Energy conservation Sankey diagram for marine diesel power plant Diesel engines emissions Advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen as fuel Fuel cell Solar power systems ility of the fuel eNOnesona3.8) For a container feeder ship an electric load analysis has to be made. Three ‘operating conditions need to be investigated: sea service, maneuvering and loading-unloading. Where applicable, electric motors have to be selected from a standard range of electric motors with nameplate (nominal) power of: 0.25, 0.5, 4,2,4,7, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kW. Determine the load analysis for the following consumers (A) Propulsion system: © High temperature (HT) cooling water pumps: ‘Two centrifugal pumps. The pump capacity is 85 m*/n at pressure head of 2 bar. The pump efficiency is 0.75. © Fuel oil service pump: One to be in operation and one stand-by. The pump capacity is 4 m°/h ata pressure head of 5 bar. The pump efficiency is 0.65. © Lubricating oil pumps: Two screw-type pumps. The pump capacily is 100 m’/h at a pressure of 6 bar. The pump efficiency is 0.8. (B) Auxiliary systems: © Fuel oil separators: Two separators are installed. They run continuously during sea service. Each separator has a 5 kW electric motor. The motors are not fully loaded. The separators require 3 kW of mechanical power input. © Fuel oil heater for separators: Two electric heaters are installed. The maximum capacity of one heater is 35 kW. ‘© Fuel oil transfer pumps: ‘Two screw-type pumps are provided. The pump capacity is 40 m°h at a pressure head of § bar. The pump efficiency is 0.70 (C) Hotel systems: o _Hydrophore system: A hydrophore tank is kept under a pressure of 4 to 6 bar. Therefore, ‘two hydrophore pumps are provided. Their pump capacity is 3 m*/h at a pressure head of 6 bar. The pump efficiency is 0.60 o Hot water heater: ‘Two hot water heaters are provided. Each heater has a maximum capacity of 100 I/h and can heat fresh water from 10°C to 70°C. The electrical power used by one boiler is maximum 12 kW. © Hot water circulation pump: Two centrifugal pumps circulate hot water through the ship. The pump capacity is 0.4 m*/h at a pressure head of 2 bar. The pump efficiency is 0.50. P.T.O