Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering Naval Architecture and Marine Engincering Department Asay! deal Anssight Aus ha she By yal Lash pa January 20" 2908 Advanced Ship Hydrodynamics 1 TTATET LA atl inated 0608622 Ue toys Graduate Levei , Slee T a3 Question (!) (12 points) Give one term that best fits the following description: A physical property that measures fluid internal resistance The only type of force that exists in fluids at rest Description of fluid motion regardless causes of motion Acceleration component due to position variation A picture describing how the fluid flow looks like Aline or curve in the fluid the tangent to which gives the direction of velocity 7. Aname given to the quantity Jelo\pr.aa oases 8. A type of fluid in which shear stress is linearly proportional to velocity gradient Se 9. A fluids physical property that gives a measure o’ fluid elasticity 10.A name given to the sum of t°C +273 11.4 flow type that moves smoothly in distinct layers without mixing 12.A fluid which has virtually constant density 13.A flow type whose variables do not change with respect to time 14.Acceleration component due to time. variation 15.A name given to the quantity (7, /rig) 16.A name given to fluid property per unit mass 17.A flow type that has no spatial variations 18.A name given to the sum of u + (p/p) 19.A fluid type that has its viscosity independent of velocity gradient 20.A term given to given quantity of matter with constant mass 21.A flow type that is characterized by intense mixing 22.A name given to the sum of z + (p/y) 23. The rate at which any variable changes with time as seen by one moving along the fluid 24, A name given to the vector quantity (2. oo +2 (Gey az Examiners_Dr. Mohamed A, Kotb, Dr. Adel A, Banawan, and Dr. Yasser Ahmed10 Question(Il) points) 1 Starting with the most general form of pressure field equation with no shear: —Vp-Ak = pa where a is the acceleration vector. Derive the hydrostatic pressure elevation equation. 2. The figure shown is a tower of an offshore wind turbine. a. Derive an expression for the pressure distribution along the tower length above and below water level b. Sketch the pressure distribution on the tower surface c. Calculate the pressure values and distribution on the tower cross section at 15 m water depth and at 30 m over the water surface. Water density is 1025 kgim®. Atmospheric pressure is 10° Nim?, Air gas constant 287 N.m/kg. °K 3 Question(ill) points) 1. Write down the continuity equation for an arbitrary control volume. Explain the different terms. Reduce the equation for the case of incompressible and steady flow. 30m lx 7 [IN i 0.50 m diam 27°C 10m diam 2. The 100 x 4.80 x 20 m compartment shown is being sprinkled with sea water at steady rate of 420 m’/hr. The accumulated water height is h. a. Calculate water height increase rate dh/dt in m/hr ». Fora draining area of 0.30 m? calculate the draining speed. Sea water > 420 m*/hr a a Water Spray Examiners_Dr. Mohamed A, Kotb, Dr. Adel A. Banawan, and Dr. Yasser Ahmed3 Question(V) (6 points) 1. If the temperature measured in the downstream of an engine exhaust is a function of position (x,y,z) and time t. The flow velocity field is also a function of both time and space. Write down the expression for the temperature material derivative. Identify the different terms. 2. Write down the energy equation in terms of head units. Use the appropriate assumptions to derive Bernoulli's equation 3. A'steam turbine receives superheated steam at 1.4 M Pa absolute and 400°C, which corresponds to a specific enthapy of 3121 kikg. The steam leaves the turbine at 101 kPa absolute and 100°C, for which the specific enthapy is 2616 kJ/kg. The steam enters the turbine at 15 m/s and exits at 60 m/s. The elevation between entry and exit ports is negligible. The heat loss through the turbine is 7600 kJ/h. Calculate the power output if the mass flow rate through the turbine is 0.5 kg/S. Question(V§ (6 points) The Linear Momentum equations are given by: at, 8 Sey AS a a + We ay & (% a ay a) Use the above equations to deduce Euler equations in Cartesian and vector forms. Question(Vih (6 points) For a fully developed laminar flow in a circular pipe with internal diameter D: 1. sketch a Free Body Diagram (FBD) for a fluid element showing all elementary forces, 2. show that the velocity in the pipe is given by: u(r) = ,|1-(2r/D}'| where Ve is the velocity at centerline 3. sketch the velocity profile across the pipe 4, find the shear stress at r=D/4 38 Examiners_Dr, Mohamed A. Kot, Dr. Ade! A. Banawan, and Dr. Yasser AhmedAlexandria University Faculty of Engineering 1 seat gineering & Naval Architecture fi sues arse Structural Optimization 1* Year: Master studies Time attowed: 3 Hes Answer All Questions: 1- What is optimization? And where we would use optimization? (4 marks) 2- What is special about a local max or a local min of a function f (x)? (4 marks) 3- How good are the optimization methods? (4 marks) 4- ‘The mathematical programming techniques are useful in finding the minimum of a function o; several variables under a prescribed set of constraints”. Give a brief outline for the various mathematical programming techniques. (4 marks) 5- Design a uniform column of tubular section shown in the Figure below to carry a compressive load P=2500 kg for minimum cost. The column is made up of a material which has @ modulus of elasticity (E) of 0.85x10° kg/cm? and a density (9) of 0.0025 kg/cm’. The length of the column is 250 cm. The stress induced in column should be less than the column buckling stress as well as the yield stress which is 500 kg/om?. The mean diameter of the tube is restricted to lie between 2.0 and 14.0 om, and a column with thicknesses outside the range 0.2 to 0.8 cm is not available in the market. The cost of the column includes material and construction costs and can be taken as 5W+2d where W is the weight and d is the mean diameter of the column Formulate the optimization problem showing the objective function, design variables and constraints. [I © P as A. Section AA, (10 marks) 6- Write a flowchart based on the blind search technique to find the optimum cost of the column. What are the advantages and disadvantages of such technique? (10 marks) P 7- What are the basic Steps in Formulating Linear Programming (LP) Problems? (4 marks)8- For the given objective function find the maximum z and corresponding design variables graphically. Maximize 2 = X;-3x2_ subjected to the following constrains “2x :4% 4 0.5x;+X) £ 20 1.BX4rX2 $10 3xy4x 30 (10 marks) 9- By using the simplex method, find the maximum vaiue of the following objective function z and the design variables x;, x2, x3 and X.. Maximize 2 = x; + Xp + 3x9 0.5x, Subjected to the following constrains X14 2x35 740 2x2- 7X45 0 X2— X3 t+ 2x4 20.5 Xy + Xp X5+ Xe = 9 (10 marks) Exam Committee: Dr. Ahmed Elhewy A . gl - a Sale ——‘Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering Marine Engineering & Naval Architecture Department Jan, 2008 “Course Marine Stractural Analysis | 1 Year: offshore Engineering Diploma Time allowed: 3 Hrs. Answer All Questions: 1- What are the difference between the design basis and Design brief as the outputs of a project planning? Give some examples for both types. (5 marks) 2- What is the basic idea behind the finite element method? (5 marks) 3- Explain briefly the various design loads that must be taken into consideration when designing a structural marine unit? (5 marks) 4- What are the design activities that should be followed during the design of jacket structures? (5 marks) 5- The wave record over a period is shown as follows: Height (ft) 0-2 24 46 6-8 8-10 Numbers 4,200 5,000 3,600 2,000 500 Plot the wave histogram, and compare it with the Rayleigh distribution (10 marks) 6- The floor of a topside structure is 0.5 in and supported by floor beams spaced at 4 feet. The uniform load is 3000 psf. Calculate the plate maximum stress and deflection. (v=0.3, E= 30x10*) (10 marks) 7- A conical transition Section connecting 42- in and 60-in .If the axial load is 1000 kips and the bending moment is 1,500 kip-ft design the conical section, (10 marks) 8- An offshore platform has 16,000 ft? of submerged area and the pile surface area from mud line to 100 ft below seafloor is 14,000 ft? the platform is to be installed in Indonesia for 20 years and Dow Galvalume alloy anodes (263 Ibs net weight) are to be used. Calculate the required anodes. (Assume consumption rate = 7 ibs /amp-yer) (10 marks) Exam Committee: Dr. Ahmed ElhewyUseful Relations 2H, yf - Rayleigh distribution form = p(H)) = Mon = 2 gu) You = SHE Gu oe You = Sat ao degree where: g(u) = 8 fu) = & © BO =) 20 = Uniform load Dit Span * : dk i | 3 -{30 v, g{u), and {(u) functions.yaa ie” aaa Alexandria University 0 Faculty of Engineering Marine Engineering & Naval Architecture pit ey Yad alg Department Jan, 2098 tek Coarse Tile Nember eS a Bl Underwater Technology- MAR 672 Year: Postgraduate Course Time allowed: 3 Hours ple ob ele 3h WY et LS - Note Books are Allowed. = Neat sketches with clear and engineering sense of proportions will be highly appreciated. - Exam total Marks are 59. wer All Question: 1- a) Show how residual welding stresses can be generated within an underwater welded jeint? (2.5 marks) b) Stress concentration can be abuse the underwater welded joint. Discuss this statement? (2.5 marks) ¢) Show how a marine structure can be deteriorated due to the different modes of failure? (2.5 marks) 2-a) Discuss briefly the different welding processes used in offshore structures (2.5 marks) b) Show how a marine structure can be deteriorated due to the diflerent modes of failure? (2.5 marks) ©) Define what is meant by ductile failure, fatigue failure and brittle failure? Draw figure to show the cross section of each? (2.5 marks) 3- a) Draw the flow chart implemented by the underwater ciassification regulatory bodies? Comment on your answer? (2.5 marks) b) Discuss briefly what is meant by statutory agencies for underwater certification? (2.5 marks) c) Show how laminations can be inspected underwater? Discuss briefly the effect of lamination on the strength of an underwater welded panel? (2.5 marks) 4- a) Show how fabrication of marine structure underwater can be affected by delayed cracks? (2.5 marks) 'b) Show how inclusion and porosity can be inspected within an underwater joint? (2.5 marks) c) In service defects can be of great problems to the underwater structures. Discuss that statement in use of dangers? (2.5 marks) 5- a) Define what is meant by corrosion? Show how protection against corrosion in offshore structure can be managed? (2.5 marks) ) Show how galvanic cell between dissimilar metals underwater can lead to corrosion? (2.5 marks) c) Discuss the different corrosion protection methods applied to offshore structures? (2.5 marks) 6- From your experience and making use of the underwater technology course, drive and discuss an example to show how you could manage the studied course into application? (12.5 marks) Good Luck, Prof. Dr. MM. El-Gammal Prof. Dr. F. A. Bahgat_—Dr. A. Ab-Ul-Magid metedle Gor SaleY) Real fas As iS fae yal asi ad Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering Naval Arch. & Marine Eng, Dept. Marine power plants () 853! ERR Gwescin Offshore engineering diploma ight yl eLjy Lea pho Final exam 2008 Ye gal pal eal is atl Time allowed: 3 hrs elas 2 chat a Attempt in all questions. Total: 100 marks Question | [20 marks] Answer by true (T) or false (F) 1. Shore connections should be installed on offshore support vessels 2. Hydrogen has the highest calorific value among all fuels 3. NOxis the most dangerous type of fossil fuel emissions 4, Water lubricated stern tubes are commonly used in commercial vessels 5. Fuel cells have very low efficiency at maximum load 6. Photovoltaic system is a thermal solar power system 7. Steam power plants have higher thermal efficiency than diesel power plants 8. Fuel cells action is the opposite to the water electrolysis 9. The transmission system is simpler in case of diesel electric plant 10. Sulfur content is the main problem in natural gas 11. 500 CSt is the viscosity needed for the fuel for injection 12. More treatment is needed in case of distillate fuels than residual fuels 13, Hydrogen as fuel has low emissions than natural gas 14, All fuel cell types can be used in transportation 15. The prime mover in nuclear power plants is the reactor 16. The percentage of methane in both LNG and CNG is not the same 17. Emissions from nuclear power plants are less than from naiural gas power plants 18. Simple flat collector has same area as coated collectors for the same temperature difference level 19. Solar power systems are cheaper than fossil fuel power plants 20. COP of absorption cooling machines is more than compression Question I! [10 marks] Write a short engineering report on equipments used on offshore platforms. Page 1of4Question Ill [15 marks] A) A diesel engine produce 5000 BHP @ 500 rpm, it is connected to the propeller with a 1.5m thrust shaft with 40cm diameter, a 6m line shaft with 3&cm diameter and a 2.5m tail shaft with 45cm diameter. Find: - The equivalent shaft diameter ~The engine's mass moment of inertia if the system natural frequency Wn = 30 Hz (le = 2lp and K=2.7x10") - The node position B) Draw a simplified fuel system for a twin screw offshore supply vessel C) What is meant by: 1. Types of power transmission shafts in ships. COGAS power plants. Functions of the transmission system in ships. The primary de-NOx technologies used with diesel engines. Noise sources onboard ships. OReONn Question IV [15 marks] Estimate the mass flow rate of the water pump installed in a passenger ship in the Red Sea to operate an air conditioning system at the following particulars: Solar collector area is 20 m?, Solar radiation is 1000 Wim? and collector water temperature is 40/120 °C. The performance curves of different collectors at previous conditions are Tat) °C 0 [20 [40 | 6 | 80 1100 | 119 Simple collector( 77.) [0.75 | 0.60] 0.42 [0.26 | ooh Coated collector( 7.) | 082 | 0.76) 0.60 | 044 | 052 | 018 | 00 Evacuated Collector(7.) | 0.751074] 0.62 | 058 | 08 | 04 [0.36 | Given: (Unit area cost is 1000, 2000 and 3000 LE for collectors respectively) * Estimate the new collector area for efficient heat absorbed * Study the temperature rise of the three types at constant collector efficiency of ( 77.=0.4). Page 2 0f4Question V [20 marks] A waste heat recovery system of a diesel engine uses a LiBr-water absorption refrigeration unit of 100 kW cooling load Determine: The heat gained of the absorption unit at 85°C supply temperature (Ts) and 30°C ambient temperature. The Engine Brake power in (MW). Given ( non = 0.4) if the supply temperature increased to120 °C, select a suitable machine at the same ambient temperature. Ifthe ambient temperature increased to 40 °C, determine the increasing in the engine power to obtain the same cooling load A compression refrigeration unit with COP =3 is suggested to replace the above unit. Estimate the increase in engine fuel consumption to operate the new unit Given that at 30 °C ambient temperature (Ta): Ts = [70] 80 [90 [100 7 110 7 20 [130 COPTwo-Stage | 0.35 | 04 | 042 | 042 | 042 COPSingle-Stage | - 07 | 078 | 081 | 082 | 082 ‘At 40 °C ambient temperature (Ta): Ts | OE CT ee COP Two-Stage [03 | 032 | 035 | 035 = - | - | COP Single-Stage | - 7 : 07 | 075 [0.75 | 0.76 (Assume that exhaust and cooling losses are equal for the engine Q ¢. Qe) Page 3 of 6Question VI [20 marks] The AIDA DIVA cruise ship has 4 medium speed diese! engines, she travels for 2200 nautical miles at 22 knots at ambient conditions of 20°C and 1 bar. The following data are given for each of the engines and the operating conditions: Brake power No. of cylinders Speed Stroke to bore ratio bsfc Volumetric efficiency Cooling water temp. rise Radiation losses Cooling water flow rate Compressor efficiency Turbine efficiency Engine specific weight Charge air pressure Exhaust temperature after cylinder Air specific heat at constant pressure Exhaust specific heat at constant pressure Air specific heats ratio Exhaust specific heats ratio gmw 9 53.826 rad/s 1.419 130.88 g/HP.hr 98 % 155°C 4% 324 ton/hr 85% 90% 14 kg/kW 3.5 bar 405°C. 0.24 kCallkg.K 0.25 kCallkg,K 14 1.33 The fuel used has 42.7 MJ/kg calorific value, 13.89 stoichiometric ratio and 0.93 specific weight. Find the following: - Engine dimensions - Engine heat balance - Brake mean effective pressure - Excess air factor - Engine critical speed Turbocharger heat balance Volume of fuel tanks Anergy of exhaust gases Exergy of cooling water Engine weight Good Luck Dr. Mohamed Morsy El-Gohary Nar ND Page 4 of 4iS ae Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering casas Marine Engineering & Naval Architecture Department dan, 2008 2008 a ‘Ship prociiction planning and controlling 7 2 Sodly bt 0608641, 7 re 608641 Time allowed Thre hours ae gt ( Note books are allowed to be used during the exam, “Answer All Questions: 1) Explain in details what is meant by ship production planning, scheduling and controlling? (10 marks) 2) Define the basic hull construction production plans and schedules (10 marks) 3) Considering ull block construction method and zone outfitting ‘method, explain in details how are the structural and outfitting works organized/subdivided? (10 marks) 4) State the considerations that must be taken into account during block predefinition stage. (10 marks) 5) Explain briefly the following concepts a) Group technology, b) Process lane, and c) Outfitting modularization. (10 marks) Exam Committee: Prof. Dr. M. Shama "i Prof. Dr. A. Rashwan J pt, ay! Dr. A. Naguib Batt latheAlexandria University HON tale Faculty of Engineering oe ie Naval Architecture & Marine AW iylay pat Lek pnd Engineering Department 2008 January 2008 ae Ship Design 0608 551 0608 551 Offshore Engineering Diploma Time allowed: 3 brs. aman Answer the following quest ‘Question (1): (20 marks) 1- State the design requirements of the following ship types: = Tug boat ~ Research vessel = Supply boat = Oil production vessels 2+ Dimensional constraints may impose a limit on length, breadth, draft and air draft of the ship. State these constraints. 3- Compare between general outline and detailed tender specifications 4- A 65000 ton deadweight tanker is designed with the following ratios: Deadweight-displacement ratio | 0.83 Speed-length ratio 0.60_| Length-breadth ratio 5.50 Breadth-depth ratio 191 Draft-depth ratio 0.67 Calculate the main moulded dimensions of the tanker. Question (1): (20 marks) T- Differentiate between preliminary design stage and principal design stage 2+ The lines plan of any ship has to meet a large number of different objectives. State these objectives. 3+ State the main objectives which a designer should have when setting out the arrangement of passenger and crew accommodation. 4- What are the factors to be considered when arranging ship stairs? 5- Compare between ship cost and ship price, What is the first of class cost? Page 1/2 Examiners: Prof. Ahmed S, Sabit, Dr. Adel A, Banawan, and Dr, Yasser M. AhmedQuestion (IID: (20 marks) 1- Perform the financial comparison between the following two offers: Offer1 [Offer 2 Price 2,400,000 | 2,600,000 Terms of payment: Down payment 40% 60% Delivery 60% 40% Time of delivery (months) [14 2 Borrowing rate 12% 12% If the overall technical evaluation number of offer | is 98% and of offer 2 is 92%, what would be your choice? 2- A Nile barge has the following dimension: Length = 28m i If the net steel of the barge is 44 tons, calculate the cubic number of the barge. Estimate the steel weight of another barge wit Length = 35m. Breadth = 8.5m Depth = 2.5m 3- A rectangular bulkhead (4m*4m) of thickness of 7mm is stiffened by 8 stiffeners 70*70*7. What is the ratio of stiffeners weight to plating weight? 4- State the two types of hydrofoil crafts. Compare between these two types from the resistance over the operating speed range, the performance in waves and the control on the generated lift force. ‘Question (IV): (20 marks) I- Define the following terms: (@)- Objective function. (b)- Unknowns or variables. (©)- Constraints (@)- Optimization problem. (©)- Direct search approach (f)- Steepness approach. (g)- Variation dependent costs (give examples) (h)- CEMs. 2- Why the optimized main dimensions often differ from that found in built ships? 3- Why ships of larger size are always preferred? Question (V): (20 marks) 4- What are the main expenditures over the lifetime of a ship? 5- What are the consequences of reducing CB? 6- State the different advantages of repeat design method. 7- Why the use of computer in ship design and production processes is essential? Page 212 Examiners: Prof Ahmed S. Sabit, Dr. Adel A, Bangwan, and Dr. Yosser M. AhmedRaSh dela ag UC Ni ae yy pad Lag ad Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering Naval Arch. & Marine Erg. Dept Energy sources and marine applications GSW GSW Baia SLI Mise & PHD SS: 5 juan Final exam 2008 vod gall aig a Stele O38 gla Ga Attempt in all questions. Total: 100 marks Question | [20 marks] ‘A) Answer by true or false and then correct the false: 1) Photovoltaic system is a thermal solar power system 2) The percentage of methane in both LNG and CNG is not the same 3) Sulfur content is the main problem in natural gas 4) Solar power systems are cheaper than fossil fuel power plants 5) Emissions from nuclear power plants are higher than from natural gas plants 6) Fuel cells action is the opposite to the water electrolysis 7) Hydrogen is considered to have the highest calorific value for both mass and volume bases 8) Fuel cells may be used as the only source of power in marine applications 9) Wind power may return as a power source for ships 10) The majority of the world commercial fleet is powered by diesel fue! B) Choose the correct answer 1. Nuclear power plants are used in: a) LNG ships b) Submarines ©) Tankers 2. Natural gas fired gas turbines are used in a) Offshore platforms —_b) Ships ©) Aircrafts 3. Which of the following has greater efficiency for the same power level: a) CCGAS plant b) Steam plant ©) Diesel electric plant 4. The most dangerous type of emissions is: a) SOx b) NOx c) Particulate matter 5. Solar systems may be used as auxiliary power in: a) Nile cruises b) Fast ferries ©) Ocean tiners 6. Renewable energy sources have as disadvantage’ a) High prices b) Low availability ©) Low energy density 7. Biomass is used in: a) Marine field b) Offshore field ©) On-land field Page 1 of 3Fao ee 8. Wind farms are preferably located in: a) Shore areas b) Offshore areas c) Mountains 9. Nuclear power plants have: a) No emissions b) Low emissions c) Dangerous emissions 10. New diesel engines technoiogies are focusing on: a) Less emissions b) High power output ¢) Less fuel consumption Question Il [10 marks] You are asked to write an engineering short report on one of the following: LNG, LPG, Fossil fuel, Hydrogen gas turbine, HICE, Wind energy converter, Biomass energy, Solar energy, Combined cycle or Nuclear power se>ea0gcp Question Ill [26 marks] What is meant by? (Use neat sketches whenever possible) CHP (co-generation) Sankey diagram Energy sources Energy conservation Diesel engines emissions Advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen as fuel Combined Fuel cell system Solar power systems. Noise sources onboard ships. ©PNOMAwNA Page 2 of 3CA i Question IY [20 marks] Estimate the mass flow rate of a water pump applied in a floating hotel in Luxor to operate an air conditioning system at the following particulars: * Solar collector area is 20 m? * Solar radiation is 1000 Wim? + Collector water temperature is 40/120 °C ‘The performance curves of different collectors at previous conditions are: (TarTs) °C ° 20 [| 40 | 60 eo _[ 100 | x0 | Simple collector(n.) | 0.75 | 0.60 | 042 | 025 | 00 - | - Coated collector (ne) 82 | 076 | 060 | 044 | 032 | 015 | 00 | [Evacuated collector (n.) | 075 | 074 | 062 | 058 | 050 | 0.40 | 036 | + You are asked to make energy balance study for the system, estimate the actual fuel consumption of a boiler which repiaces the solar collector. What is your opinion from emissions viewpoint, using LNG, LPG or Diesel? State why. (Assume any missing necessary data) Question V [30 marks] A study is to be made to determine which type of fuel will be used in a 10 MW power plant with overall efficiency of 40%, Given the following data for various fuel types: = Calorific value | CO; Emissions Price Mulkg Karka Siton | Diesei 42 316 500 Natural gas | 45 2.75 300. Coal 30 3.67 “100 [Hydrogen 120 e 1500 * Estimate the fuel mass flow rate for each type. ‘* Construct a weight matrix for the calorific value, emissions and price for all types. * Estimate the quantity of fuel used if the plant is to be operated for 5000 hrs annually. Compare each result with the diese! consumption, Take the price into consideration. Good Luck ; Dr. Mohamed Morsy El-Gohary Wi by Page 30f3 = AryAlexandria University Faculty of Engineering Naval Arch, & Marine Eng. Dept Marine power pianis (i) (8531) Offshore engineering dipioma Final exam 2008 Time allowed: 3 hrs All questions carry equal marks Question | Write a short engineering report on machineries used on offshore platforms. Question II ys la Tah 5 a ae a il pd WF) Sass agllgi elgg aa pst Veep Leal gs sa 3B chal Gn A waste heat recovery system of a diesel engine uses a LiBr-water absorption refrigeration unit of 200 kW cooling load Determine: The heat gained of the absorption unit at 85°C supply temperature (Ts) and 30°C ambient temperature. The Engine Brake power in (MW). Given ( non 0.5) If the supply temperature increased to120 °C, select a suitable machine at the same ambient temperature If the ambient temperature increased to 35 °C, determine the increasing in the engine power to obtain the same cooling load - Accompression refrigeration unit with COP =4 is suggested to replace the above unit. Estimate the increase in engine fuel consumption to operate the new unit. Given that at 30 °C ambient temperature (Ta): Ts 70 80 90 100 140 | 120 | 130 COP Two-Stage 0.35 04 0.42 0.42 042, - - | COP Single-s age - | a7 | 078 | 081 | 082 | 082] At40 °C ambient temperature (Ta): Ts 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 | 110 | 120 | 130 COP Two-Stage 10.3 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.35 - =a COPSingle-Stage | - | - - 07 [075 | 0.75 | 076} (Assume that exhaust and cooling losses are equal for the engine Q a= Q «) Page 1 of 3Question Ill The AIDA DIVA cruise ship has 4 medium speed diesel engines, she travels for 2200 nautical miles at 22 knots at ambient conditions of 20°C and 1 bar. The following data are given for each of the engines and the operating conditions: Brake power omMw No. of cylinders 9 Speed 53.826 rad/s Stroke to bore ratio 1.419 bsfc 130.88 g/HP.hr Volumetric efficiency 98% Cooling water temp. rise 15.5°C Radiation losses 4% Cooling water flow rate 324 ton/hr Compressor efficiency 85% Turbine efficiency 90% Engine specific weight 14 kgkW Charge air pressure 3.5 bar Exhaust temperature after cylinder 405°C Air specific heat at constant pressure 0.24 kCal/kg.K. Exhaust specific heat at constant pressure 0.25 kCal/kg.K Air specific heats ratio 14 Exhaust specific heats ratio 1.33 The fuel used has 42.7 Mu/kg calorific value, 13.89 stoichiometric ratio and 0.93 specific weight. Find the following: = Engine dimensions - Turbocharger heat balance - Engine heat balance - Volume of fuel tanks - Brake mean effective pressure - Anergy of exhaust gases - Excess air factor ~ Exergy of cooling water - Engine critical speed - Engine weight Page 2 0f3Question IV ‘A) Draw simplified fuel system for a FIFI tug. B) What is meant by: 1. Shore electric connection in offshore vessels 2. Types of power transmission shafts in ships 3. COGAS power plants. 4, Functions of the transmission system in ships. 5. Noise sources onboard ships. Question V Estimate the mass flow rate of the water pump installed in a passenger ship in the Red Sea to operate an air conditioning system at the following particulars: Solar collector area is 20 m®, Solar radiation is 900 Wim? and collector water temperature is 40/100 °C. The performance curves of different collectors at previous conditions are | (Tav-Ta) °C 0 | 20 | 40 go | 100 | 110 | 0.75 | 0.60 | 042 | 025 | 0.0 - [Goated collector( 7) 0.82 | 0.76 | 0.60 | 044 | 032 0.15 | 0.0 ple collector( 77.) [Evacuated Collector( 7.) 0.75 0.74| 062 | 0.58 | 05 04 | 0.36 Given: (Unit area cost is 1000, 2000 and 3000 LE for collectors respectively) - Estimate the mass flow rate of the water pump used with the most economic collector. - Estimate the new area for the most efficient collector for the same flow rate. - Estimate the most economic collector cost if the area is limited by 12 m? for the same heating load Good Luck Dr. Mohamed Morsy El-Gohary —_— LG ° ae = Page 3 of 3a a No] Powarat | wstaled | Acsorbea | som [toed] Sm” Awrage | nom] tna [Sim son insted | titload | “motor | eecrne | service | actor | actor | "abs | servce | factor | tector factor power | power cower Propulsion FO pumps Tunilory systems Hotel systems Wai machinery Steering Bow teu Cargo | systems ReeferA hydrophore tank is kept under a pressure of 4 to 6 bar. Therefore, two hydrophore pumps are provided. Their pump capacity is 3 m°vh at a pressure head of 6 bar. The pump efficiency is 0.60. © Hot water heater: ‘Two hot water heaters are provided. Each heater has a maximum capacity of 120 I/h and can heat fresh water from 10°C to 80°C. The electrical power used by one boiler is maximum 10 kW. © Hot water circulation pump: ‘Two centrifugal pumps circulate hot water through the ship. The pump capacity is 0.4 m*/h at a pressure head of 2 bar. The pump efficiency is 0.50. (0) Hull machinery: ©. Steering gear: The ship is provided with an electric-hydraulic steering machine. The steering machine contains two hydraulic pumps of the controllable axial piston type. Each pump requires 24 kW at full output. © Capstans/winches: The ship has two winches on the fore-deck and two on the aft-deck The installed power per winch is 30 KW. Two winches are only in operation during maneuvering © Bow thruster: The ship has one electrically-driven bow thruster. The propeller requires 280 kW and the installed motor power is 300 kW. (E) Cargo systems: ©. Reefer containers: The ship can carry 100 reefer containers. A reefer container is provided with its individual cooling system. The maximum compressor power per reefer container is 12 kW. The installed motor power is 15 kw. lem = electric motor efficiency, it ranges from 0.85 for 1 kW motor power to 0.90 for 20-50 kW motor power and to 0.92 for 300 kW motor power. You are required to do the calculations and to fill in the attached table and to determine the total electric power should be installed. Page 3 of 4Question tl A) What is meant by (use neat sketches whenever possible) CHP (co-generation) Energy management . Energy conservation 4, Advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen as fuel si, Fuel cell B) ‘Write a short engineering report on one of the energy management points of your term paper. sstion IY Estimate the mass flow rate of a water pump applied in a floating hotel in Luxor to operate an air conditioning system at the following particulars: * Solar collector area is 40 m? * Solar sadiation is 1000 Wim? + Collector water temperature is 40/120 °C The performance curves of different collectors at previous conditions are: (Tav-Ta) °C 0 20 | 40 [ 60 | 80 | 100 | 110 ‘Simple collectay (ne) | 0.75 | 0.60 | 0.42 | 0.25 | 0.0 Coated collector (nc) 0.82 | 0.76 | 0.60 | 0.44 | 032 | 0.15 | 0.0 Evacuated collector (na | 0.75 | 0.74 | 0.62 [ 0.58 | 050 | 0.40 | 0.36 Given that the cost is 1000, 2000 and 3000 LE/m” for collectors respectively. + Calculate the new collector area for efficient heat absorbed + Study the temperature rise of the three types at constant collector effisiency of (n=0.40) * You are asked to make energy management study for the system, estimate the a:tual fuel consumption of a boiler which replaces the sslar collector. What is your opinion from emissions viewpoint, using NG or Diesel? State why. + ‘How can you inciease the reliability and maintainability of the system? Good Luck Dr. Mohamed Morsy El-Gohary Page 4 of 4