R32 - A Step Towards More Environmentally Friendly AC - Systems and...

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Refrigerants forLow ering the GW P

Low (ering)GW P

Am m onia (NH)

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R32 -A Step Tow ards M ore Environm entally Friendly AC -System s and
HeatPum ps

The refrigeration and airconditioning industry hasm ade trem endousprogressoverthe pasttw o decadesin reducing the use ofozone depleting refrigerants.The
originaltargetsofthe M ontrealProtocol,established in 1987 to reduce em issionsofozone depleting substances,are being m etand exceeded.Anotherconsequence of

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these initiativesisthatduring the 1990sandDANFOSS

the early par
tofthe
present
century,there w as
consider
able uncertai
nty regardiCAREER
ng future refrCONTACT
igerantoptions
.Now a new
GROUP
GLOBAL
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path hasstarted to appear,defined by the globalagenda on clim ate change and globalw arm ing.

Ourhandling ofthe environm entm ustbe changed.Governm entsaround the w orld are therefore introducing regulationsin an effortto lim itthe negative environm ental
im pacts.
Seen from a globalperspective,the tendency isthatthe industry ism oving m ore and m ore tow ard naturalrefrigerantsw here thisistechnologically feasible.Synthetic
refrigerantsare stilllikely to play a large role in the refrigeration and airconditioning industry,butthisw illbe in system sw ith the sm allestpossible charge ofrefrigerant
and w ith new low GW P substances.
Refrigerantm anufacturersare responding w ith the developm entofnew products,and equipm entm anufacturersare designing m ore efficienttechnologiesand system s
thatm inim ize refrigerantcharge.They are also testing,selecting and qualifying new refrigerants.
Danfossencouragesthe furtherdevelopm entand use oflow -GW P refrigerantsto help slow and ultim ately reverse the processofglobalw arm ing w hile helping to
ensure continued globalw ellbeing and econom ic developm entalong w ith the future viability ofourindustry.W e w illenable ourcustom ersto achieve these refrigerant
goalsw hile continuing to enhance the energy efficiency ofrefrigeration and airconditioning equipm ent.

The listofsuitable substances is very short,butgrow ing

A new classofm ildly flam m able refrigerantcalled A2L isone ofthe topicsin thisdiscussion.Custom ersare specifically testing the refrigerantsR32,R1234yf,and R1234ze,
asthey provide low GlobalW arm ing Potential(GW P),zero Ozone Depleting Potential(ODP),and a relatively low flam m ability.
Previously perform ed testsw ith R32 w ere satisfactory and itseem spossible thatthissubstance could stay in the m arket.The HVAC industry in China isfocusing on this
refrigerant.In Table 1,the O DP and GW P im pactdata are show n.R32sGW P levelism oderate,butcom pared w ith R410A,R32 isonly one third ofitsGW P.

Refrigerant

OD P

GW P

(R11=1.0)

IPCC AR4
(CO 2=1)

R22

0.055

1810

R410A

2088

R407C

1770

R32

675

R1234yf

R290

6.3

CO 2

Flam m ability and toxicity are the tw o evaluation indexesofsafety.In generalthe low erthe flam m ability ofa refrigerantis,the largeritsGW P.R32 isclassified as2,
m eaning itisa m ildly flam m able refrigerant,w hile R290 hasa higherflam m ability and isclassified as3.
The toxicity classofR32 isequalto currentrefrigerantlike R410A and R22 and isclassified aslevelA low ertoxicity.

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COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL BUSINESS
PARTNER
TER M S O F U SE
(/TE RM S/TER M S/? R EF= 1 7 1 7 9 8 8 2 4 )6 0 PR I VAC Y PO LI C Y
(/T ER M S/PR I VA C Y/? R EF= 1 7 1 7 9 8 8 2 4 6) 0
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Therm odynam ic property hasa big im pacton system
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Saturated pressure:R32 hasa sim ilarpressure asR410A.Thiscan ease the developm enton an R32 system based on an R410A platform .
Criticaltem perature:R32 hasa highercriticaltem perature w hich yieldsa higherCOP.
Latentheatofvaporization:The heatneeded to evaporate R32 isgreaterthan thatofR410A so thatthe required m assflow rate perunitcooling capacity issm allerand
the COP ishigher.
Isentropic exponent:Thiscan im pactthe pressure ratio ofthe system and also the discharge tem perature.So R32spressure ratio isa little higherthan R410A.
Volum etric cooling capacity:R32 hasgota significantly highervolum etric cooling capacity than R410A,w hich can help to reduce the system pipe size and increase the
efficiency.
Density:R32sdensity ism uch sm allerthan R410A,so the am ountofcharge issm aller,and since the GW P ism easured perkg,the totalclim ate im pactfrom the
refrigerantin the system iseven sm allerthan suggested by the GW P.

From the above m entioned,R410A,R32 hasa bettersystem efficiency,and itneedsa sm allerrefrigerantcharge.The significantproblem isthatR32 hasa high discharge
tem perature.Itsdirectconsequence isthe oildegradation w hich can cause variouscom pressorfailureslike bearing seizure,low system and com pressorefficiency.So the
discharge tem perature should be lim ited atan acceptable levelto m ake sure thatsystem and com pressorcould w ork norm ally.Usually isto controldischarge
tem perature by refrigerant.Liquid injection could be a good solution forhigh discharge tem perature directly.Asshow n in Figure 2 a portion ofthe condensed fluid is
injected into scrollthrough an electronic injection valve,w hich w illabsorb the heatofinterm ediate com pressed gasto vaporize.Thusthe discharge tem perature can be
low erdow n effectively.And the injected m assflow rate can be easily m odulated by injection valve.

Putting togetherthe afore-m entioned reasons,R32 could be an environm entfriendly refrigerantforusing in AC system sand HeatPum ps.
Danfossproactively developsproductforlow -GW P refrigerants,like R32.
Danfossoffersa new range ofR32 Scrollcom pressorson Chillventa 2012.The com pressorsare tested by custom ersin China and w illbe ready now also fortestsin Europe.
OurM CHE and M PHE heatexchangersare designed to require a m inim alrefrigerantcharge,w hich m akesthem idealin use w ith R32.Custom ersare currently testing our
productsin theirow n applications.
Danfosstested w ith successline com ponentsand developed therm ostatic expansion devices.Furtherm ore controllersand electronic expansion devicesare available for
testby custom ers.

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O F U SE
(/TE RM S/TER M S/? R EF= 1 7 1 7 9 8 8 2 4 )6 0 PR I VAC Y PO LI C Y
ER M S/PR I VA C Y/? R EF= 1 7 1 7 9 8 8 2 4 6) 0
dercom
pressors,please contactyourlocalDanfosssalescom(/Tpany.
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Docum entation on R32

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pubafter=01% 2F01% 2F0001&pubbefore=31% 2F12% 2F9999&docum enttype=&lang=en&litno=&freetext=R32&archive=False&
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