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Introduction
Steam power plant water
0 use has been coming under increasing scrutiny because of the large quantities of water involved and the many competing uses for water. The
cooling options for the condensing unit (once through cooling, wet cooling tower, air cooled condenser, hybrid wet/dry cooling, and cooling pond) were introduced in the
article: Steam Power Like
Plant Cooling - Part 1: Introduction to Alternatives. Here the condenser/cooling options will be compared in terms of water withdrawal, water
consumption, economics, and percentage of U.S. generating capacity using each option.
Economic Comparison
There is a reason that once through cooling was used in almost all steam power plants built before 1970. It is the simplest system and has
the least initial cost and least operating cost. Both the wet cooling tower system and the air cooled condenser (dry cooling) system have
higher capital cost, higher power requirement (and thus higher operating cost), leading to approximately 1.9 % higher cost of electricity due
to use of a wet cooling tower and approximately 4.9 % higher cost of electricity for air cooled condenser use, as shown in the table at the
left. The information in the table came from a presentation at a California State Water Resources Control Board Workshop in 2005.
(Maulbetsch, 2005).
References
1. DOE/NETL, 2008, Estimating Freshwater Needs to Meet Future Thermoelectric Generating Requirements - 2008 Update, DOE/NETL-400/2008/1339, Sept. 30, 2008.
2. EPRI, 2002, Water & Sustainability (Volume 3): U.S. Water Consumption for Power Production - The Next Half Century, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA, 2002, 1006786.
3. Maulbetsch, J.S., 2005, Power Plant Cooling -- What are the tradeoffs?, Presented at California State Water Resources Control Board Workshop, Oakland, CA, Dec.
7, 2005.
DOE/NETL, 2008,
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Related Reading
Power Plant Condenser Cooling - Part 1: Introduction to Alternatives - The steam power plant water going through the condensing unit requires cooling so that liquid
condensate can be pumped back into the boiler. Cooling for the condenser may be supplied by once through cooling, a wet cooling tower, dry (air) cooling, a hybrid
(wet/dry) system, or a cooling pond.
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