MA1301: AY14/15 S1

elementary f (x)
lnx
sinx
cosx
tanx
sin1 x
cos1 x
tan1 x

nth term
sum
no. of terms
test(a,b,c. . . )
Derivative tests
f (c) = 0
local max
local min
saddle point
Vectors
ab
ab

ab
for R3
||a b||

derivative

integral
sinxdx
cosxdx
2
sec2 xdx
csc1 xdx

dx
1x2

1
2 dx
1x
1
1+x2 dx

1
x

cosx
sinx
sec2 x
1
1x2
1
1x
2
1
1+x2

Arithmetic
an = am + (n m)d
Sn = n(a12+an )
Sn = n(2a+(n1)d)
2
1
n = an a
+1
d
cb=ba=d

antiderivative
cosx + C
sinx + C
tanx + C
cotx + C
sin1 x + C
cos1 x + C
tan1 x + C

Geometric
an = arn1
n
)
Sn = a(1r
1r
ran
Sn = a11r
c
b

b
a

=r

.
first
(x < c f (x) > 0) (x > c f (x) < 0)
(x < c f (x) < 0) (x > c f (x) > 0)
x = c (f (x) < 0 f (x). > 0)

rules of dierentiation
(f + g) = f + g
(f g) = f g + f g

g
( fg ) = f gf
, g = 0
g2
(f g) (x) = f (g(x)) g (x)
f (x + h) f (x) + f (x) h
y = (f (x))g(x) lny = g(x)ln(f (x))
dy/dt
dy
x = x(t), y = y(t) dx
= dx/dt

Fundamental theorem
of calculus:
x
d
d
f
(t)dt
= f (x)
F
(x)
=
dx
dx a
Integration by parts:
b
b
f (x)g (x) = |f (x)g(x)|ba a g(x)f (x)
a
Rotation about an axis:
b
V = a (f (x) k)2 dx, about the line y = k
second (i f )
f (c) < 0
...
f (c) > 0
c is an inflection point

convex
concave
strictly convex
strictly concave

f (x) 0
f (x) 0
f (x) > 0
f (x) < 0

Applications of cross product

a = b for some scalar
a1 b1 + a2 b2 + . . . + an bn
||a||||b||cos
||a||2 when a = b
0 when ab
(a2 b3 a3 b2 , a3 b1 a1 b3 , a1 b2 a2 b1 )
a b (skew-symmetric)
a (b + c) = a b + a c
||a||||b||sin
0 when a b

Area of parallelogram
Area of triangle
Shortest distance from A to BC

||a b||
1
2 ||a b||

||ABAC||
||AC||

Lines & planes

r(t)
n of

r0 + tv, for direction vector v

and some constant t
r n = r0 n
u v, where (v ) (u ) but u v

If a line: r(t)=r0 + tv and plane : r n = d,

then (v n = 0) r(t) , else they intersect.
n2
between two planes: = cos1 | ||nn11||||n
|
2 ||
vn
1
between line and plane: = sin | ||v||||n|| |
intersection line between two planes: r(t) = r0 + t(n1 n2 )
Complex numbers (z = a + bi )
|z|, or r
a2 + b2
arg(z), or
tan1 ( ab ) (1st quad)
+ tan1 ( ab ) (2nd quad)
tan1 ( ab ) (3rd quad)
tan1 ( ab ) (4th quad)
polar form
r(cos + i sin)
Euler formula ei = cos + i sin

De Moivres
(cos + i sin)n = cos(n) i sin(n)
+2k
(cos + i sin)1/n = cos( +2k
n ) + i sin( n )
for k = 0, 1, . . . , n 1
let z1 = r1 (cos1 + i sin1 ), z2 = r2 (cos2 + i sin2 ), then
z1 z2 = r1 r2 (cos(1 + 2 ) + i sin(1 + 2 ))
|z1 z2 . . . zn | = |z1 ||z2 | . . . |zn |
arg(z1 z2 . . . zn ) = arg(z1 ) + arg(z2 ) + . . . + arg(zn )

Trigo identities
sin2 + cos2 = 1
sec2 1 = tan2
csc2 1 = cot2
sin(A B) sinAcosB sinBcosA
cos(A B) cosAcosB sinAsinB
tanAtanB
tan(A B) 1tanAtanB
sin2A = 2sinAcosA
cos2A = 2cos2 A 1 = 1 2sin2 A = cos2 A sin2 A

tan2A =

2tanA
1tan2 A

AB
sinA sinB = 2sin( AB
2 )cos( 2 )
AB
cosA + cosB = 2cos( A+B
2 )cos( 2 )
AB
cosA cosB = 2sin( A+B
2 )sin( 2 )
1
sinAcosB = 2 [sin(A + B) + sin(A B)]
cosAsinB = 12 [sin(A + B) sin(A B)]
cosAcosB = 12 [cos(A + B) + cos(A B)]
sinAsinB = 12 [cos(A + B) cos(A B)]