ME 114 Engineering Drawing II

GEAR DRAWING

Mechanical Engineering
University of Gaziantep

Ouzhan YILMAZ PhD

Associate Professor

Gear Types
A gear is a toothed wheel which is used to transmit power and motion between machine parts.

Gears are used in many applications like automobile engines, household appliances, industrial machine tools.
When two gears of different sizes are meshed , the larger is called gear while the smaller is pinion.
A gear train is combination of two or more gears to change the speed or direction of motion of shaft systems.

Straight Bevel Gears

Spur Gears
Helical Gears

Herringbone Gear

Worm and Gear

Hypoid Gears

Spiral Bevel Gears

Planetary Gears

Rack & Pinion

Gear Tooth Terminology

Root Diameter : Diameter of root circle

Pitch Diameter : Diameter of imaginary pitch circle specifying

addendum and dedendum
Outside Diameter : Diameter of addendum (outside) circle
Addendum : Radial distance from pitch to top of tooth
Dedendum : Radial distance from pitch to bottom of tooth
Circular Pitch : Distance on pitch circle from a point on one tooth
to corresponding point on the adjacent tooth
Tooth Thickness : Thickness of a tooth along the pitch circle
Clearance : Distance between top of a tooth and bottom
of mating space
Working Depth : Distance a tooth projects into mating space
Whole Depth: Total height of the tooth

Involute Gear Profile

The standard gear profile in an involute that keeps the meshing
gears in contact as the gear teeth are revolved.
The method of constructing an involute is illustrated.
Step 1: A base arc having the center of base circle is drawn
and divided into equal divisions with radial lines from the center
of arc. Tangents are drawn perpendicular to these radial lines
at the points where they intersect the base arc.

Step 2: The chordal distance from point 1 to point 0 is used as

a radius with point 1 as the center. This distance is revolved to
find point 1 on the involute. Then, the distance from point 2 to
the newly found point 1 is revolved to the line tangent to the arc
through point 2 to give point 2 on the involute. This procedure
is followed until the complete involute curve is obtained.
It is unnecessary to follow this procedure to draw gear teeth
since most detail gear drawings employ approximations of gear
teeth. Gear teeth are actually not shown on technical drawings;
instead conventional methods of specifying them are used with
notes and tables.
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Gear Meshing
Meshing of two spur gears with a center distance is shown below.
The line of action (also known as pressure line) is a line drawn
tangent to the base circle of pinion and gear.
When two gear teeth are in contact, the kinematic principle of
gearing is demonstrated: the angular velocity ratio of the meshing
gears is constant along the line of action.
The pressure angle is the angle between the tangent to the pitch
circles and the line of action.

Gear catalogs are classified according to the number of teeth and

the pressure angle.

Line of Action

Detail Drawing of Gears

Spur
gears

Bevel
gears
Rack and Pinion

Worm and Gear

Equations for Cylindrical Spur Gears

Module (Modl) :
Pitch (Adm) :
Outside Dia. (Di st ap) :

D
p Dp

z
z 2

p m

Dp
z

D0
z 2

D0 Dp 2m mz 2

Pitch Dia. (Blm Dairesi ap) : Dp m z D0 - 2m

Root Dia. (Di Dibi ap) : Dr D0 - 2h Dp - 2b
1
a

Addendum (Di st Ykseklik) :

h
Dedendum (Di Dibi Ykseklik) : b 1.25m
Whole Depth (Di Ykseklii) : h b a 2.166m

13
m
6

Clearance (Di Boluu) : c b - a 0.166m

Center Distance (Merkezler Aras Uzaklk) : e
Gear Ratio (Dili Oran) :

D p1 D p2
2

z z
m 1 2
2

n1 z 2

n2 z1

z : # of Teeth (Di Says) Face Width: 3p < F < 5p

: Pressure Angle (Kavrama As) = 15 - 20 (according to DIN 867)
6

Gear Bodies
There are various types of gear bodies used
in industry. They are preferred according to
their purpose of use (such as light gears by
removing excessive material, strengthened
gear bodies using stiffeners, etc.)
Webbed

Blank
Gear

Stiffener

Pulley
Gear

Webbed
with
Cores

Spoked

Two-views of a spur gear

The drawing of a gear should be consisting of all technical details.
The drawing must shown the details of the gear, the hub, web and other features.

Two-views of a spur gear

Outside Dia.

Pitch Dia.

Root Dia.

Drawing of mating spur gears

Draw front and sectioned side view of the spur gear pair.
Calculate the other necessary data to draw the gear pair.
Fully dimension the object.
Place the cutting data on your drawing.
CUTTING DATA
Module (mm)
Number of teeth
Rotational speed (rpm)
Face width (mm)
Shaft diameter (mm)
Hub diameter (mm)
Hub thickness (mm) (single sided)
Keyway (mm)
Number of holes
Center diameter of holes
Material

Pinion
12
?
1600
?
50
100
100
4x4
----AISI 4340

Gear
?
30
960
?
100
165
120
6x6
6 x 40
123
Cast Iron

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