Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PRIRODNE NAUKE
ARCHAEOLOGY
AND SCIENCE
8
2012
Belgrade 2013
ARHEOLOGIJA I
PRIRODNE NAUKE
8
2012
Beograd 2013.
Published:
Center for New Technology Viminacium
Archaeological Institute Belgrade
Kneza Mihaila 35/IV
11000 Belgrade, Serbia
e-mail: cnt@mi.sanu.ac.rs
Tel. +381 11 2637191
For the publishers:
Miomir Kora
Slavia Peri
Editor-in-chief:
Miomir Kora
Editorial Board:
Roksana Chowaniec, University of Warsaw, Institute of Archaeology, Warsaw
Gianfranco Cicognani, Central European Initiative (CEI-ES), Trieste
Rosemarie Cordie, Archologiepark Belginum
Eric De Sena, John Cabot University, Rome
Sneana Golubovi, Archaeological Institute, Belgrade
Gisela Grupe, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt, Mnchen
Michaela Harbeck, Staatssammlung fr Anthropologie und Paloanatomie, Mnchen
Lanfranco Masotti, Universita di Bologna, Bologna
arko Mijailovi, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mathematics, Belgrade
ivko Miki, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philosophy, Belgrade
Milan Milosavljevi, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Belgrade
Dragan Milovanovi, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Belgrade
Zoran Obradovi, Temple University, Philadelphia
Zoran Ognjanovi, Mathematical Institute, Belgrade
Marco Pacetti, Universita Politecnico delle Marche, Ancona
Slavia Peri, Archaeological Institute, Belgrade
Milica Tapaviki-Ili, Archaeological Institute, Belgrade
Dejan Vukovi, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Belgrade
Zsolt Zolnai, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison
Olivera Ili (secretary), Archaeological Institute, Belgrade
Translation:
Milica Tapaviki-Ili
Lecturer:
Dave Calcutt
Graphic design:
Nemanja Milievi
Print:
Digital Art Company Beograd
Printed in:
500 copies
ISSN 1452-7448
Izdavai:
Centar za nove tehnologije Viminacium
Arheoloki institut Beograd
Kneza Mihaila 35/IV
11000 Beograd, Srbija
e-mail: cnt@mi.sanu.ac.rs
Tel. +381 11 2637191
Za izdavae:
Miomir Kora
Slavia Peri
Urednik:
Miomir Kora
Ureivaki odbor:
anfranko ikonjani, Centralnoevropska inicijativa (CEI-ES), Trst
Roksana Hovanjec, Univerzitet u Varavi, Arheoloki institut, Varava
Erik De Sena, Don Kabot Univerzitet, Rim
Sneana Golubovi, Arheoloki institut, Beograd
Gizela Grupe, Ludvig-Maksimilians-Univerzitet, Minhen
Mihaela Harbek, Zbirka za antropologiju i paleoanatomiju, Minhen
Rozmari Kordi, Arheoloki park Belginum
Lanfranko Masoti, Univerzitet u Bolonji, Bolonja
arko Mijailovi, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Matematiki fakultet, Beograd
ivko Miki, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Filozofski fakultet, Beograd
Milan Milosavljevi, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Elektrotehniki fakultet, Beograd
Dragan Milovanovi, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Rudarsko-geoloki fakultet, Beograd
Zoran Obradovi, Univerzitet Templ, Filadelija
Zoran Ognjanovi, Matematiki institut, Beograd
Marko Paeti, Politehniki univerzitet Marke, Ankona
Slavia Peri, Arheoloki institut, Beograd
Milica Tapaviki-Ili, Arheoloki institut, Beograd
Dejan Vukovi, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Rudarsko-geoloki fakultet, Beograd
Zolt Zolnaj, Univerzitet u Viskonsinu - Medison, Medison
Olivera Ili (sekretar), Arheoloki institut, Beograd
Prevod:
Milica Tapaviki-Ili
Lektor:
Dejv Kalkat
Dizajn i tehniko ureenje:
Nemanja Milievi
tampa:
Digital Art Company Beograd
Tira:
500 primeraka
ISSN 1452-7448
VOJISLAV FILIPOVI,
Institute of Archaeology,
Belgrade, Serbia
email: vilipov1@gmail.com
VLADIMIR PETROVI,
Institute of Balkan Studies of SASA,
Belgrade, Serbia
49
50
of treasure seekers. At some places, stone crosses were knocked down and under them pits were
dug. At the end of this text, let us mention the old
and abandoned mills and barns, some of which
are completely ruined and brought to the unrecognizable level, by dynamite and heavy machinery.
From the facts and illustrations presented
here we can determine some conclusions and identify speciic, primarily negative trends regarding
the wanton destruction of cultural heritage. Until 20 years ago one of the obstacles for destruction of cultural heritage was among other things
the respect for churches and holy places. As we
have seen in several cases, this respect is rapidly
disappearing today. Moreover, old churches and
other holy places are fertile ground for searching
for treasuries because at least three reasons. First,
they had never been previously dug by the treasury hunters, which provide a greater potential
for the contemporary diggers, driven by the old
stereotype in the peoples mind that the church itself has to be rich and full of precious metals. Second, in addition to churches and stone inscriptions
51
REZIME
UNITAVANJE ARHEOLOKOG
I KULTURNOG NASLEA
U OBLASTI SRVLJIGA
Kljune rei: kulturno naslee, oblast Svrljiga, rimska vizantijska i srednjovekovna utvrenja.
Na osnovu viegodinjeg intenzivnog terenskog rada i dokumentovanih sluajeva, u radu
se govori o unitavanju kulturne batine na teritoriji Svrliga. Najvie su ugroeni arhitektonski ostaci starih crkava i utvrenja, ali je takoe
dokumentovano i unitavanje grobova, zavetnih
krstova, kopanje u okviru porti aktivnih crkava,
kao i ruiniranje i ruenje starih kola, vodenica i
pojata. Na arheolokim lokalitetima koji nemaju
vidlive ostatke arhitekture jasno se uoavaju tragovi rada osoba koji nelegalno poseduju detektore
za metal (sl. 1). U ovom kontekstu, posebno treba
naglasiti unitavanje kulturnih slojeva po mnogobrojnim i do sada ak neregistrovanim peinama
i potkapinama. Slojevi Prekonoke peine danas su potpuno prekopani i izgubleni za nauku.
Na antikim, vizantijskim i srednjovekovnim
utvrenjima, bedemi i kule ouvani do visine od
nekoliko metara i prekriveni utom i gustom vegetacijom, esto su potpuno izbueni rupama dubine i do nekoliko metara, dok se zidovi neretko
presecaju i kopaju ispod temela. Najugroenije
utvrenje je, svakako, stari grad Svrlig. Kanic i
Mikovi precizno opisuju njegove ostatke pre
125 godina i kau da okrugla kula sa 4 sprata i ouvanim vratima ima 10 m u visinu, dok je pravougaona kula bila jo bole ouvana, sa visinom od oko
12 m. I pre 25 godina konstatovan je zadovolavajui stepen ouvanosti arhitekture na Svrlig gradu
(sl. 2a), ali su tokom bombardovanja 1999. godine
lokalni tragai za blagom iskoristili ratno stanje
i dinamitom razneli obe kule. Okrugla kula tada
je sruena do visine od oko 3 m (sl. 2b), dok je
pravougaona dovedena do neprepoznatlivosti i
njena visina ne prelazi 2 m. Na lokalitetu Gradac u
selu Grbave, do samo pre 25 godina registrovani
su vidlivi ostaci utvrenja sa bedemima irine
oko 1.5 m, nekoliko kula i manjim podgraem (sl.
3a). Danas je ovo brdo potpuno ogoleno (sl. 3b).
,
, - XII,
, - , 107
112.
52
53