3.

3 The Cyclical Model

1. Aims, goals, objectives
2. Selection of
learning experiences
5. Evaluation
3. Selection of
4. Organization end content
integration of
learning experiences
and content
Wheeler Model Strengths of cyclical model
Provide logical sequence; the wheeler model as sequence the learning material in logical order
that learner are able to learn in logical way such as aims, goals and objectives, selection of
learning experiences, selection of contents and organization and integration of learning
experience and contents and these logical sequence this lead development of curriculum
activities like situation analysis, curriculum planning, curriculum implantation, curriculum
evaluation, curriculum system restructure and review.

Provide baseline data for objectives; the model provide the clear base of the objective for the
implement curriculum in the classroom environment .Left as broad and as philosophical as they
are, the curriculum goals are hard to implement unless broken down into more specific,
attainable objective.
Able to cope with changing circumstances; the wheelers model changing with other
circumstance bases on the need of the learner aim is to be update material that are available in
the current environment, hence cope with the changes of circumstance .The wher
Provide flexibility (and relevant

to school situations and more

appropriate to curr.dev. by
teachers)
Weaknesses of cyclical model
It is difficult to locate
It is not different from objective
model since it adopts logical
sequence
It takes time to undertake an effective situational analysis
Advantages
First, this model aimed at developing studentsbehavior as the target goal of
teaching. This shows that the planning done takes into consideration long-term view
of outcome for the students. Second, it has the function of carefully managing
objectives. Therefore, it is easy to observe the outcomes of attained objectives. In
addition, it is easy to find the suitability of subjects content, activity, and teaching
methods based on the objective evaluation. Combined, many of the function in further
analysis of the model are useful for the integrity of the curriculum, and for forecasting
final results. Finally, the steps in the Objective models application are precise and
logical, and thus, easily followed.
Disadvantages
Besides advantages, some of the weaknesses must also be addressed. For
instance, the objective under Tylers straight line model has a behavioral orientation.
Behavioral objectives have many advantages if applied to curriculum design, but they
have some limitations on execution. For example, they do not apply to all subjects or
the design of a subjects content. Furthermore, in general, it is too narrow because it
judges the outcomes as successful or not based only whether objective has been
achieved or not. Another weakness or disadvantage to some of the Objective Model
lies in the limitations of choices of objectives. There are often limited to some
behaviors which can be easily quantified, but excludes some objectives that cannot be
quantified. For example, some objectives such as increasing respect for others in
children cannot be objectively quantified. This means that much of what makes
people moral or ethical cannot be included in measurable objectives.

3.4 Dynamic/interaction model

Objectives
Selecting
Learning experiences Evaluation
(content)
Organizing learning
experiences

Another Dynamic model

Situation Analysis
Goal formulationProgram buildingInterpretation and inplementationMonitoring,
feedback, assess-ment, reconstructionStrenths of dynamic model
Curriculum developer can begin with any of the elements
The model allows curriculum

developer to change the order

of planning (to move to and fro
amongst the curr elements)
The model offers flexibility

Weakenesses of dynamic model

The model doesnt necessarily

specify objectives
The model offers so little directio
The curr. developers need a

lot of time to determine the

beginning stage in curr. Dev.

3.5 Continuum of curriculum models

Objective Cyclical