Eighth

Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Sample Problem 12.9
SOLUTION:
Trajectory of the satellite is described by
1 GM
2 C cos
r h

Evaluate C using the initial conditions

at = 0.
A satellite is launched in a direction
parallel to the surface of the earth
with a velocity of 36,900 km/h at an
altitude of 500 km.
Determine:
a) the maximum altitude reached by
the satellite, and
b) the periodic time of the satellite.

Determine the maximum altitude by

finding r at = 180o.
With the altitudes at the perigee and
apogee known, the periodic time can
be evaluated.

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Eighth
Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Sample Problem 12.9
SOLUTION:
Trajectory of the satellite is described by
1 GM
2 C cos
r
h
Evaluate C using the initial conditions
at = 0.
1 GM
C 2
r0 h

r0 6370 500 km
6.87 106 m
v 0 36900

km 1000 m/km

h
3600 s/h

10.25 103 m s

h r0v0 6.87 106 m 10.25 103 m s

70.4 109 m 2 s

GM gR 2 9.81m s 2 6.37 106 m

1
6.87 10 m
6

398 1012 m3 s 2

70.4 m s
2

65.3 109 m-1

398 1012 m3 s 2
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Eighth
Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Sample Problem 12.9
Determine the maximum altitude by finding r1
at = 180o.
1 GM
398 1012 m3 s 2
9 1
2 C

65
.
3

10
2 2
r1 h
m
70.4 m s

r1 66.7 106 m 66700 km

max altitude 66700 - 6370km 60300 km

With the altitudes at the perigee and apogee known,

the periodic time can be evaluated.
a 12 r0 r1 12 6.87 66.7 106 m 36.8 106 m
b r0 r1 6.87 66.7 106 m 21.4 106 m

2 ab 2 36.8 106 m 21.4 106 m

h
70.4 109 m 2 s

70.3 103 s 19 h 31min

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Eighth
Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Keplers Laws of Planetary Motion
Results obtained for trajectories of satellites around earth may also be
applied to trajectories of planets around the sun.
Properties of planetary orbits around the sun were determined
astronomical observations by Johann Kepler (1571-1630) before
Newton had developed his fundamental theory.
1) Each planet describes an ellipse, with the sun located at one of its
foci.
2) The radius vector drawn from the sun to a planet sweeps equal
areas in equal times.
3) The squares of the periodic times of the planets are proportional to
the cubes of the semimajor axes of their orbits.

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Eighth Edition

CHAPTER

12

VECTOR MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERS:

DYNAMICS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
Lecture Notes:
J. Walt Oler

Kinetics of Particles:
Energy and Momentum
Methods

Texas Tech University

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Eighth
Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Contents
Introduction
Work of a Force
Principle of Work & Energy
Applications of the Principle of Work
& Energy
Power and Efficiency
Sample Problem 13.1
Sample Problem 13.2
Sample Problem 13.3
Sample Problem 13.4
Sample Problem 13.5
Potential Energy
Conservative Forces
Conservation of Energy
Motion Under a Conservative Central
Force

Sample Problem 13.6

Sample Problem 13.7
Sample Problem 13.9
Principle of Impulse and Momentum
Impulsive Motion
Sample Problem 13.10
Sample Problem 13.11
Sample Problem 13.12
Impact
Direct Central Impact
Oblique Central Impact
Problems Involving Energy and Momentum
Sample Problem 13.14
Sample Problem 13.15
Sample Problems 13.16
Sample Problem !3.17

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Eighth
Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Introduction
Previously, problems dealing with the motion of particles
were

solved through the fundamental equation of motion, F ma.

Current chapter introduces two additional methods of analysis.

Method of work and energy: directly relates force, mass,

velocity and displacement.
Method of impulse and momentum: directly relates force,
mass, velocity, and time.

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Eighth
Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Work of a Force

Differential vector dr is the particle displacement.

Work of the force is

dU F dr
F ds cos
Fx dx Fy dy Fz dz
Work is a scalar quantity, i.e., it has magnitude and
sign but not direction.
Dimensions of work are length force. Units are
1 J joule 1 N 1 m
1ft lb 1.356 J

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Eighth
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Work of a Force
Work of a force during a finite displacement,
U12

A2

d
r

A1

s2

s2

s1

s1

F cos ds Ft ds

A2

Fx dx Fy dy Fz dz

A1

Work is represented by the area under the

curve of Ft plotted against s.

2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Eighth
Edition

Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics

Work of a Force
Work of a constant force in rectilinear motion,
U12 F cos x

Work of the force of gravity,

dU Fx dx Fy dy Fz dz
W dy
y2

U12 W dy
y1

W y 2 y1 W y

Work of the weight is equal to product of

weight W and vertical displacement y.
Work of the weight is positive when y < 0,
i.e., when the weight moves down.
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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