MISS WAN NOR ASHIQIN WAN ALI

School of Human Development & Technocommunication (iKOM)

Email: wanashiqinwanali@yahoo.com

Information Age
What is information age?

Information Age means by globally connected, service

and information-intense, digitally based culture.
Information means conveys meaning and is useful to
one or more people or a collection of facts (data)
organized in some way so that they are meaningful to a
recipient.
Age mean period of time.

Information Age
Example:
Information Age offers freedom to students to
learn and educators to teach, regardless of time,
place, ethically or social and economic status. IT
allows educators to diagnose in very particular
ways the needs and talents of students.

Information Age

Data Unprocessed items

Information A collection of data

organized in some way so that it
create meaning.

A World of Computers
What is computer

literacy?To produce

Knowledge and understanding

of computers and their uses
Computers are everywhere

Knowledge
Worker

Computer Generation
The Mechanical Era (1623-1945)
In 17th Century, Mathematicians designed and
implemented calculators that capable of addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division.
An machine by Charles Babbages was arguably the first
to be used in computational sciences.
1890, Herman Holleriths came out with punch-card
equipment to tabulate data.
1911, Holleriths company merged with a competitor to
found the corporation which in 1924 became
International Business Machine (IBM).

Computer Generation
1st Generation Electronic Computers (1937-1953)

The first electronic computer designed by John

Vincent Atanasoff in 1939 but not successfully built.
But during World War II, first working digital
computer so called COLLOSSUS and first
programmable computer called ENIAC was
developed by Eckert and Mauchly. The SAGE
system which produced breakthroughs in computer
memory, data communications and display
technologies was inspired by military needs.
Used old-fashioned vacuum tubes like the ones in
early radios ENIAC.

Computer Generation
2nd Generation Electronic Computers (1954-1962)

Many high level programming languages were

introduced including FORTRAN (1956), ALGOL (1958)
and COBOL (1959).
This generation saw two supercomputers designed for
the purposes of numeric processing in scientific
applications.
Used transistors.

Computer Generation
3rd Generation Electronic Computers (1963-1972)

An introduction of integrated circuits (IC), operating

systems and time-sharing.
Integrated circuits with thousand of transistors on a
single silicon computer chip.

Computer Generation
4th Generation Electronic Computers (1972-1984)

An introduction of large scale integration and very

large scale integration in construction of computing
elements.
Semiconductors memories replaced core memories as
the main memory systems.

Computer Generation
5th Generation Electronic Computers (1984-1990)

Saw the introduction of machines with hundreds of

processors that could all be working on different parts
of a single program.
By 1990, it was possible to build chips with a million
components and semiconductors memories became
standard on all computers.
The used computer networks and single-user
workstations.

Computer Generation
6th Generation Electronic Computers (1990- )

This generation saw many parallel computing, both in

the hardware and parallel systems improved .
The explosive growth in wide area networking,
network bandwidth has expanded.
A broad spectrum of issues ranging from high
performance computing to expanded network access
and the necessity to make leading edge technologies
available to educate people.

What Is a Computer?
How is a computer defined?

Electronic device operating under the control of

instructions stored in its own memory

Accepts data
Raw facts, figures, and symbols

Processes data into information

Data that is organized,
meaningful, and useful

Produces and stores results

What Is a Computer?
What is the information processing cycle?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Input
System Unit (Process)
Output
Storage
Communication

Collects data
(input)

Processing

Information Processing Cycle

Produces
information
(output)

The Components of a Computer

What is an input device?

Hardware used
to enter data
and instructions

1. Camera
2. Stylus
3. Graphic tablet

The Components of a Computer

What is the system unit?

Case containing
electronic
components
used to process
data

The Components of a Computer

What are two main components on the
motherboard?
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Also called a processor
The electronic component that interprets and carries
out the basic instructions that operate the computer

Memory
Consists of electronic components that store
instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by
those instructions

The Components of a Computer

What is an output device?

Hardware that
conveys
information
to one or more
people

1. Speaker
2. Printer

The Components of a Computer

What is storage?

Holds data, instructions, and information

for future use
Storage media
Physical material on which data, instructions,
and information are stored

Storage device
Records and retrieves items to and from
a storage medium

The Components of a Computer Storage

What is a floppy disk?

Thin, circular,
flexible disk
enclosed in rigid
plastic shell

The Components of a Computer Storage

What is a USB flash drive?

Provides much
greater storage
capacity than a
floppy disk or
Zip disk
Small and
lightweight enough
to be transported
on a keychain or
in a pocket

The Components of a Computer Storage

What is a compact disc?

Flat, round, portable metal disc

CD-ROM
DVD-ROM

The Components of a Computer

What is a communications device?
Hardware component that
enables a computer to
send and receive data, instructions,
and information
Occurs over cables, telephone
lines, cellular radio networks,
satellites, and other
transmission media

Why Computer So Powerful?

What are the advantages of using computers?

Speed

Reliability

Storage

Consistency

Communications

Disadvantages of Using Computers?

What are the disadvantages of using computers?
Violation of
Privacy

Impact on
Labor Force

Health Risks

Impact on
Environment

Networks and the Internet

What is a network?

Collection of computers and devices connected together

via communications devices and transmission media.
Communications
Device

Enables a
connection
between
computers

Transmission
Media
Satellites

Cables
Telephone
lines

One type is
a modem

Cellular
radio

Networks and the Internet

What are the reasons to network?
To share
Resources
Hardware
devices

Software
programs

To save
Data
time
Information
and
money

Networks and the Internet

What is a server?

A server manages
the resources on a
network
Clients access
the resources
on the server

Networks and the Internet

What is the Internet?

Worldwide collection of networks that connects

millions of businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions, and individuals

Networks and the Internet

Why do users access the Internet?
1. Communications Email, FB, Twitter

2. Information Google Scholar

3. Shopping - mudah.my, amazon.com

4. Banking and Investing - Cimb Clicks, Maybank2u

5. Download Videos bit torrent, 4shared

6. Entertainment era.fm, dramacrazy.net

Networks and the Internet

What is the Web?

Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to

anyone connected to the Internet
A Web site is
a collection of
related Web pages

A Web page contains

text, graphics, sound,
video, and links to
other Web pages

You can share

information by
creating Web pages
or posting photos on
a photo sharing
community

Computer Software
What is software?

Consists of a series
of instructions that
tells the computer
what to do

Also called a
program

Computer Software
What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?

Allows you to
interact with the
software using
graphics and icons
Controls how you
enter data and how
the screen displays
information

Computer Software
Therere two categories :
1) System software
2) Application software

Computer Software
What is system software?

Programs that control or maintain the operations of

the computer and its devices. It serves as the interface
between the user, application software and hardware.
Operating System (OS)
is a set of programs
that coordinates all
activities among
computer hardware
devices and allows
users to run
application software

Utility Programs allow the user to

perform maintenance-type tasks
usually related to managing a
computer, its devices or its programs

Computer Software
What is application software?
Programs that perform
specific tasks for users
Word
Processing

Spreadsheet

Database

Presentation
Graphics

Computer Software
How do you install and run programs?

Computer Software
What is a programmer?

Someone who develops

application or system
software
Programmer writes
instructions to
direct computer to
process data into
information

Resulting Internet application

Javascript program

Categories of Computers
What are the categories of computers?
Personal Computers
(Desktop)
Mobile Computers and
Mobile Devices

Midrange Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Embedded Computers

Personal Computers
What are the two most popular series of personal
computers?

PC and compatibles
use the Windows
operating system

Apple Macintosh
uses the Macintosh
operating system
(Mac OS)

Personal Computers
What is a desktop computer?

Designed so all of the components fit entirely on

or under a desk or table

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

What is a notebook computer?

Portable, small enough

to fit on your lap
Also called a laptop
computer
Generally more
expensive than a desktop
computer

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

What is a Tablet PC?

Resembles a letter-sized slate

Allows you to write on the
screen using a digital pen
Especially useful for taking
notes

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

What are mobile devices?

Small enough to carry in a

pocket
Internet-enabled
telephone is a smart
phone

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

What is a handheld computer?
Small
enough to fit
in one
hand

Used
by mobile employees
such as meter readers
and delivery people

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)?

Provides personal organizer functions

Calendar
Appointment book

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

What are smart phones and smart watches?
A smart phone is
an Internet-enabled
telephone that usually
provides PDA capabilities

A smart watch is
an Internet-enabled
watch that automatically
adjusts to time zone changes
and stores personal
information

Servers
What types of servers are there?
Midrange server Powerful, large
computer that supports up to a few
thousand computers
Mainframe Very powerful,
expensive computer that supports
thousands of computers
Supercomputer The fastest, most
powerful, most expensive
computer. Used for applications
requiring complex mathematical
calculations

Embedded Computers

A special-purpose computer that functions as a

component in a larger product

What is an embedded computer?

Elements of an Information System

What are information system elements?

Hardware
Software
Data
People
Procedures

Elements of an Information System

Hardware must be reliable and capable of handling
workload.
Software must be developed carefully and tested
thoroughly.
Data must be accurate in order to avoid garbage in,
garbage out.
People Staff should be skilled and fully equipped with
latest technology.
Procedures Availability of documented procedures in
term of operating the computer and how to use the
applications.

Examples of Computer Usage

What software is available for a home user?
Web access

Entertainment

Personal financial
management

Communication
s

Examples of Computer Usage

What software is available for a small
office/home office (SOHO) user?

Productivity
software
Specialty
software
Web usage
E-mail
Make telephone
calls

Examples of Computer Usage

What is available for
a mobile user?

Hardware

Notebook computers

Software

Spreadsheet
Presentation graphics
software
Listening music
Transfer information

Examples of Computer Usage

What are the needs of a power user?

Speed and large amounts of storage

Usage

Working with multimedia

Use industry-specific software

Types of power users

Engineers
Scientists
Architects
Desktop publishers
Graphic artists

Examples of Computer Usage

What are the needs of the large business user?

Communicate among employees

Process high volumes of transactions
Blog

Computer Applications in Society

What are some examples
of computer applications
in society?

Education
Finance
Government
Healthcare
Science
Publishing
Travel
Industry