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Availability of land
Availability of inputs
Closeness to market places
Communication facilities
Infrastructure
Transport
Government support
Housing and recreation
project back on time. Along with a milestone chart, it helps to represent the planned bar
which indicates the deadlines and other significant events of the project.
3. BULLWHIP EFFECT IN SCM The Bullwhip effect is the uncertainty caused from
distorted information flowing up and down the supply chain. This affects almost all the
industries, poses a risk to firms that experience large variations in demand, and also those
firms which are dependent on suppliers, distributors and retailers. It may arise because of the
reduced service levels in the organization, inefficient allocation of resources, increased
transportation cost, etc. Four rational factors that create the bullwhip effect are demand signal
processing, the rationing game, order batching and manufacturer price variations.
4. SCHEDULING IN SERVICES Scheduling basically assigns different jobs to different
facilities called shop loading, sequencing the jobs and operations and then monitoring and
revising the schedules through controlling. Providing the required manpower and skills for
the sudden demand in scheduling a service activity is challenging and sometimes becomes
crucial. In order to provide timely service and utilize the capacity to the maximum extent, the
scheduler has to adopt certain systems or methodologies. There are three methods normally
used by the scheduler in services: backlogs, reservations and appointments.
Q.No.4 Explain the steps and tools for changing project management process.
ANS. The steps for changing project management process are as follow:
Request for a
change
Identify
Alternate
Solutions
Decide on
the actions
for the
change
Implement
change
1. REQUEST FOR A CHANGE Based on the need a formal request is made. This
request can come from either a member of the project team or a client or a coordinator
or key stakeholder.
2. IDENTIFY ALTERNATE SOLUTIONS The change request is evaluated and
several alternative solutions are identified. The alternatives are assessed with respect
to the functional scope, schedule, effort and cost.
3. DECIDE ON THE ACTIONS FOR THE CHANGE The project management team
is required to accept the recommendation, choose an alternative solution, or request
further investigation. Based on this, a final action plan for the change is selected.
4. IMPLEMENT CHANGE Once the project management approves a solution for the
change, make appropriate schedule and other project plan adjustments to
accommodate the change, communicate these to team members, monitor progress and
execute quality control on the changes.
There are various tools which can be used to bring about a change in a process. They are:
Tools for Changing a
Process
Change Management
System (CMS)
Configuration
Management (CM)
of late outsourcing has become a complete business policy and cost of operation may
be cited as the main reason. It is possible to partly produce the items outside or
completely procure from outside. Depending on who is stronger and controlling the
whole process the subcontracting costs will vary and could be even low.
5. USING PART-TIME WORKERS Part-time workers can fill unskilled labour
needs, especially in the service sector. It is common in restaurants, retail stores and
supermarkets. The question of getting the right type of temporary workers is a major
issue and there are many agencies that specialize in supplying temporary workers.
Q.No.6 Write short notes on:
1.
2.
3.
4.
ANS.
1. RELEVANCE OF VALUE ENGINEERING IN MANUFACTURING Modern
manufacturing can be seen from two important perspectives. First is the management
approach which consists of adopting techniques like TQM, JIT, Kanban, concurrent
engineering, lean manufacturing, TPM, group technology, cellular manufacturing and
others. To aid the process, we have computers and software written to collect data,
process them, distribute them and analyze them. Second important perspective is the
Management Information Systems which help in decision making.
2. VENDOR MANAGED INVENTORY It is a process in which a supplier generates
order for its distributor based on demand information sent by the distributor. VMI was
first applied to the grocery industry, between companies like Procter & Gamble
(supplier) and Wal-Mart (distributor). With VMI, suppliers and distributors can both
focus on the same issue how to sell more product to the end user more efficiently.
This changes the suppliers focus from how to get the distributor to buy more, to how
to get the distributor to sell more. This change in the supplier/distributor relationship
is the most exciting feature of vendor managed inventory.
3. RATING METHOD FOR LOCATING PLANT In the case of general factors or
special factors, each factor has its own importance in determining the location of a
plant. Therefore, ranking them and giving them weight age is one of the ways of
determining the location. The score or points for each location for each factor
considered can be a raw score on an arbitrary scale. The number of factors considered
varies on the type of industry and also the relevant factors based on the location. .
The methods which determine the most likely location are:
i.
Rating plan method
ii.
Factor rating method
iii. Point rating method
iv.
Break even analysis
v. Centre of gravity method
4. IMPORTANCE OF BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING Business process
modeling refers to a set of activities undertaken to optimize the business process. It
can be categorized into two parts: Logical process modeling and Physical process
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modeling. Logical process modeling is the representation of putting together all the
activities of business process in detail and making a representation of them. Logical
process model consists of only the business activities and shows the connectivity
among them. Physical process modeling is concerned with the actual design of
database meeting the requirements of the business. Physical modeling deals with the
conversion of the logical model into a relational model.