論文第四章0814范例

Neimeyer(1983)Holcomb Neimeyer(1993) 84
204
239
24
63
4-1 10 16
11.22 15.2 11-15
8 16 9.06 15.19
9-15 8 16
8.75 15 8-15
4-1
11.22
12.64
13.58
14.30
15.20
9.06
11.17
12.64
13.57
14.30
15.19
8.75
11.25
12.25
14.25
14.75
15.00
10~13
12~14
13~15
13~15
14~16
8~10
10~13
12~14
13~15
13~15
14~16
8~10
11~12
12~13
13~15
14~15
14~16
.8656
.8021
.7632
.5164
.5639
.8507
.8783
.8021
.7696
.5164
.5516
.8292
.4330
.4330
.8292
.4330
.7071
36
45
43
40
40
34
36
45
42
40
42
4
4
4
4
4
4
204
239
24
102 (50%) 102 (50%) 204

118 (49.4%) 121 (50.6%) 239
12 (50%) 12 (50%) 24
64
78 (38.2%)
73 (35.8%) 33 (16.1%)
20 (9.8%)
137 (67.2%) 27 (13.2%)

22 (10.8%) 11 (5.4%) 1(0.5%)
1 (0.5%) 5
96 (47.1%) 50 (24.5%)
40 (19.6%) 8 (3.9%) 1 (0.5%)
1 (0.5%) 8
193 (94.6%) 4
(2%) 2 (1%)
5
4-2
65
4-2
34 (14.2)
4 (16.7)
36 (17.6)
36 (15.1)
4 (16.7)
45 (22.1)
45 (18.8)
4 (16.7)
43 (21.1)
42 (17.2)
4 (16.7)
40 (19.6)
40 (16.7)
4 (16.7)
40 (19.6)
42 (17.6)
4 (16.7)
102 (50.0)
118 (49.4)
12 (50.0)
102 (50.0)
121 (50.6)
12 (50.0)
51 (25.0)
89 (43.7)
30 (14.8)
34 (16.7)
137 (67.2)
22 (10.8)
27 (13.2)
11 (5.4)
1 (0.5)
1 (0.5)
96 (47.1)
40 (19.6)
50 (24.5)
8 (3.9)
1 (0.5)
1 (0.5)
193 (94.6)
4 (2)
2 (1)
66
153 (75.1%)
143 70.1%
49 (24%)
2
115 (56.4%)
89
(43.6%)
127 (62.3%)
108 (53%)
75 (36.3%) 2
44 (21.6%)
156 (76.5%) 4
68 (33.3%)
70 (34.3%)
61 (29.9%) 5
4-3
67
40%
55%Grollman(1977) 44%
40% 13%
4-3
5
(13.9)
8
(22.2)
20
(55.6)
3
(8.3)
36
(100)
16
(35.6)
10
(22.2)
19
(42.2)
0
(0)
45
(100)
12
(27.9)
21
(48.8)
10
(23.3)
0
(0)
43
(100)
18
(45)
15
(37.5)
6
(15)
1
(2.5)
40
(100)
17
(42.5)
16
(40)
6
(15)
1
(2.5)
40
(100)
68
(33.3)
70
(34.3)
61
(29.9)
5
(2.5)
204
(100)
4-4
4-4
68
153
49
(75.1)
(24.0)
115
89
(56.4)
(43.6)
127
75
(62.3)
(36.3)
44
156
(21.6)
(76.5)
68
70
61
(33.3)
(34.3)
(29.9)

Wenestam(1982)Wenestam Wass(1987)Tamm
Granqvist(1993,1995)
Tamm Granqvist(1995)
69
18 (52.9%)(10%)
4-1
4-1 (9105)
70
4-2
4-2 (8137)
4-3
71
4-3 (7114)

Florian
Kravetz(1985)Orbach (1985)
4-4
72
4-4 (8128)

4-5
4-5 (6109)
73
4-6

4-6 (7112)
74
Kastebaum Aisenberg(1972)
85
4-7 4-8
4-7 (7105)
75
4-8 (7108)
4-9
4-9 (4110)
76
84
4-10
4-10 (7143)
77
4-11
4-11 (5135)
hospital
78
4-12
4-12 (4103)
Jnug
(archetype)
80
4-13
79
4-13 (4123)
4-14
4-14 (5103)

so
80
4-15
81
4-15 (4114)

--

Vygotsky(1978)

4-16
82
4-16 (5101)
.
4-17
4-17 Love(4134)
83

Nagy(1948)Kane(1979)Tamm Granqvist(1995)
Nagy(1948) 5 9
(a
death-man) Kane(1979)
Tamm
Granqvist(1995)
Nagy(1948) Kane(1979) Tamm

Granqvist(1995) Nagy(1948)Kane(1979)

Nagy(1948)Kane(1979)
4-18
Nagy(1948)
Kane(1979)(a death-man) 4-19

84
4-18 (7106)
4-19 (6133)
4-20
85
4-20 (6106)
86
4-21
4-21 (7124)
4-22
87
4-22 (6110)
4-23
4-23 (4138)
88
4-24
4-24 (4102)

89
4-25
4-25 (4104)
90
239 34 14.2%
36 15.1% 45 18.8% 42 17.2%
40 16.7% 42 17.6%
122 51%
102 42.7%
15 6.3%
62 25.9%
25 10.5% 18 7.5%
16 6.7%
1 0.4%
79 33.1% 18
7.5% 3
1.3% 2 0.8%
4-6 1.7%-2.5%
4-26 4-5
2
91
.001 ( 2 =33.986,df=10)
25 60%-65%
3-5
7.2%-11.9% 4-6
4-5 2
25
21
(73.5) (58.3)
0
0
(0)
(0)
9
15
(26.5) (41.7)
34
36
(100) (100)
22
12
(48.9) (28.6)
4
3
(8.9)
(7.2)
19
27
(42.2) (64.2)
45
42
(100) (100)
13
9
(32.5) (21.4)
3
5
(7.5) (11.9)
24
28
(60) (66.7)
40
42
(100) (100)
102
(42.7)
15
(6.3)
122
(51)
239
(100)
2 =33.986
df=10
***P<.001
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
4-26
92
4-6
vs.
vs.
vs.
>
>
>
vs.
>
vs.
vs.
>
>
vs.
>
vs.
vs.
>
>
vs.
>
>
vs.
vs.
>
>
>
vs.
vs.
vs.
<
>
>
93

4-7 2
.001 ( 2 =24.919,df=2)
2
4-8
4-7 2
68
(59.1)
4
(3.5)
43
(37.4)
115
(100)
34
(27.4)
11
(8.9)
79
(63.7)
124
(100)
102
(42.7)
15
(6.3)
122
(51)
239
(100)
2 =24.919
df=2
***P<.001
4-8
vs.
>
4-9
2
.001
( 2 =45.639,df=20)
94
4-10
4-9 2
7
(16.7)
1
(2.4)
0
(0)
4
(9.5)
12
(30)
0
(0)
0
(0)
1
(2.5)
7
(16.6)
0
(0)
0
(0)
2
(4.8)
2 =17.990
79
(33.1)
df=15
3
P >.05
(1.3)
2
(0.8)
18
(7.5)
3
(6.7)
1
(2.2)
0
(0)
1
(2.4)
2
(4.8)
0
(0)
1
(2.5)
1
(2.5)
1
(2.5)
0
(0)
2
(4.8)
3
(7.1)
5
(2.1)
6
(2.5)
4
(1.7)
0
0
(0)
(0)
1
2
(2.7)
(4.4)
12
12
(33.4) (26.7)
2
5
(5.6) (11.1)
0
0
(0)
(0)
36
45
(100) (100)
0
(0)
3
(7.1)
19
(45.2)
3
(7.1)
2
(4.8)
42
(100)
0
1
(0)
(2.4)
2
8
(5)
(19.1)
9
3
(22.5) (7.1)
6
7
(15) (16.7)
7
9
(17.5) (21.4)
40
42
(100) (100)
24
(70.6)
0
(0)
0
(0)
1
(2.9)
14
15
(38.9) (33.4)
2
0
(5.6)
(0)
1
1
(2.7)
(2.2)
4
6
(11.1) (13.3)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
7
(20.6)
2
(5.9)
0
(0)
34
(100)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
95
2 =8.542
df=6
P>.05
2 =45.639
1
(0.4)
df=20
16
***P<.001
(6.7)
62
(25.9)
25
(10.5)
18
(7.5)
239
(100)
4-10
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
4-11
.001
F=6.569,df=11
4-11
F=6.569
79
3
2
18
11.81
12.00
12.00
12.89
2.20
2.65
0.00
2.03
5
6
4
13.00
14.33
14.75
1.22
0.82
0.96
1
16
62
25
18
16.00
14.50
12.50
13.36
14.83
***p<.001
0.00
1.32
1.87
1.87
0.51
df=11
96

118 49.4%
121
50.6% 4-12
4-13
2 .05
( 2 =0.850,df=2)
2 4-14
.05
97
4-12
11 14
11 13
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
2
0
0
0
0
6
1
1
1
0
0
18 16

10 11
9
5
0
2
0
1
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
9
0
0
0
1
5
7
1
1
0
0
16 20
vs.

14 8
6
6
10 5
4
3
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
3
3
2
2
1
3
2
1
0
3
0
1
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
11 8 11 16
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
1
8
4
9 10
1
4
0
3
0
0
0
2
26 19 19 23

9
4
8
4
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
1
1
0
0
1
9 15
0
0
1
1
4
5
2
4
2
5
19 21

3
6 53 49
2
5 44 35
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
1
1
1
8 10
2
3
6
9
0
0
0
5
0
2
4
2
2
1
2
2
15 13 59 63
0
1
0
1
5
3 10 6
2
1 34 28
4
3
9 16
4
5
6 12
20 22 118 121
4-13 2
53(22.2)
6(2.5)
59(24.7)
118(49.4)
98
49(20.5)
9(3.8)
63(26.3)
121(50.6)
102(42.7)
15(6.3)
122(51)
239(100)
2
2 =0.850
df=2
p>.05
4-14 2
44(18.4)
0(0)
1(0.4)
8(3.4)
35(14.6)
3(1.3)
1(0.4)
10(4.2)
79
3
2
18
2 =4.097
df=3
p>.05
0(0)
4(1.7)
2(0.8)
5(2.2)
2(0.8)
2(0.8)
5
6
4
2 =5.278
df=2
p>.05
0(0)
10(4.2)
34(14.2)
9(3.8)
6(2.5)
118(49.4)
1(0.4)
6(2.5)
28(11.7)
16(6.7)
12(5)
121(50.6)
1
16
62
25
18
239
2 =6.416
df=4
p>.05
99
34 47.2%
22 66.7%
13 16.8%
1-3 3%-4%
34 47.2%
4-15 4-16
2
.05 ( 2 =6.114,df=6)
2
.05
100
4-15 2
26(33.8) 34(47.2)
9(27.3)
6(7.8)
6(8.4)
2(6)
45(58.4) 32(44.4) 22(66.7)
77(100)
72(100)
33(100)
8(34.8)
1(4.3)
14(60.9)
23(100)
77(37.6)
15(7.3)
113(55.1)
205(100)
2 =6.114
df=6
p>.05
4-16 2
20(26) 23(31.9) 6(18.2)
0(0)
3(4.2)
0(0)
2(2.6)
0(0)
0(0)
4(5.2)
8(11.1)
3(9.1)
1(1.3)
3(4.2)
1(3)
2(2.6)
2(2.8)
1(3)
3(3.9)
1(1.4)
0(0)
0(0)
0(0)
1(3)
7(9.1)
4(5.5)
4(12.1)
17(22.1) 17(23.6) 11(33.4)

8(10.4)
8(11.1)
5(15.2)
13(16.8)
3(4.2)
1(3)
77(100) 72(100) 33(100)
101
6(26.1)
0(0)
0(0)
2(8.7)
55(26.8)
3(1.5)
2(1)
17(8.3)
2 =9.045
df=9
p>.05
0(0)
1(4.3)
0(0)
5(2.4)
6(2.9)
4(2)
2 =4.833
df=6
p>.05
0(0)
1(0.5)
2
1(4.3)
16(7.8) =16.60
df=12
10(43.6) 55(26.8)
p>.05
2(8.7)
23(11.2)
1(4.3)
18(8.8)
23(100) 205(100)
44.9%

86 ( 53%)
4-17 4-18
2
.05
( 2 =2.431,df=2)
2
.05
102
4-17 () 2
54(36)
76(38.2)
10(6.7)
15(7.5)
86(57.3)
108(54.3)
150(100)
199(100)
22(44.9)
5(10.2)
22(44.9)
49(100)
2
2 =2.431
df=2
p>.05
4-18 () 2
18(36.8)
1(2)
1(2)
2(4.1)
36(24)
2(1.3)
1(0.7)
15(10)
54(27.1)
3(1.5)
2(1)
17(8.5)
2 =3.404
df=3
p>.05
1(2)
1(2)
3(6.2)
4(2.7)
4(2.7)
2(1.3)
5(2.5)
5(2.5)
5(2.5)
2 =2.400
df=2
p>.05
0(0)
4(8.2)
13(26.5)
4(8.2)
1(2)
49(100)
1(0.7)
11(7.3)
40(26.6)
18(12)
16(10.7)
150(100)
1(0.5)
15(7.5)
53(26.6)
22(11.1)
17(8.5)
199(100)
103
2 =3.452
df=4
p>.05
36 31.3%
4-19 4-20
2
.05
( 2 =0.617,df=2)
2
.05
4-19 () 2
33(38.3)
5(5.9)
48(55.8)
86(100)
44(38.3)
10(8.7)
61(53)
115(100)
77(38.3)
15(7.5)
109(54.2)
201(100)
104
2
2 =2.431
df=2
p>.05
4-20 () 2
23(26.7)
1(1.2)
2(2.3)
7(8.1)
32(27.8)
2(1.7)
0(0)
10(8.8)
55(27.4)
3(1.5)
2(1)
17(8.5)
2 =2.822
df=3
p>.05
3(3.5)
1(1.2)
1(1.2)
2(1.7)
5(4.4)
3(2.6)
5(2.5)
6(3)
4(2)
2 =2.475
df=2
p>.05
0(0)
9(10.5)
18(20.8)
12(14)
9(10.5)
86(100)
1(0.8)
6(5.2)
36(31.3)
10(8.7)
8(7)
115(100)
1(0.5)
15(7.5)
54(26.9)
22(10.9)
17(8.5)
201(100)
105
2 =6.381
df=4
p>.05

123 60%
76 37.1%
4-21 4-22
2
.05 ( 2 =2.104,df=2)
2
.05
4-21 () 2
33(43.4)
7(9.2)
36(47.4)
76(100)
44(35.8)
8(6.5)
71(57.7)
123(100)
77(38.7)
15(7.5)
107(53.8)
199(100)
106
2
2 =2.104
df=2
p>.05
4-22 () 2
24(31.6)
2(2.6)
1(1.3)
6(7.9)
31(25.2)
1(0.8)
1(0.8)
11(9)
55(27.6)
3(1.5)
2(1)
17(8.5)
2 =4.782
df=3
p>.05
2(2.6)
3(4)
2(2.6)
3(2.4)
3(2.4)
2(1.7)
5(2.5)
6(3)
4(2)
2 =0.134
df=2
p>.05
0(0)
6(7.9)
17(22.4)
7(9.2)
6(7.9)
76(100)
1(0.8)
9(7.3)
36(29.3)
14(11.4)
11(8.9)
123(100)
1(0.5)
15(7.5)
53(26.6)
21(10.6)
17(8.5)
199(100)
107
2 =0.859
df=4
p>.05

43 21%
154 75.1%
4-23 4-24
2
.05
( 2 =0.592,df=2)
2
.05
4-23 () 2
14(32.5)
73(37.1)
3(7)
15(7.6)
26(60.5)
109(55.3)
43(100)
197(100)
59(38.3)
12(7.8)
83(53.9)
154(100)
108
2
2 =0.592
df=2
p>.05
4-24 () 2
42(27.3)
3(2)
1(0.6)
13(8.4)
11(25.6)
0(0)
1(2.3)
2(4.6)
53(26.9)
3(1.5)
2(1)
15(7.6)
2 =2.353
df=3
p>.05
4(2.6)
5(3.2)
3(2)
1(2.3)
1(2.3)
1(2.3)
5(2.5)
6(3)
4(2)
2 =0.104
df=2
p>.05
1(0.7)
9(5.8)
41(26.6)
17(11)
15(9.8)
154(100)
0(0)
6(14)
13(30.2)
5(11.7)
2(4.6)
43(100)
1(0.5)
15(7.6)
54(27.4)
22(11.2)
17(8.6)
197(100)
109
2 =3.851
df=4
p>.05
67 32.7% 69
33.7% 61 29.8%
4-25 4-26
2 2
.01 ( 2 =16.490,df=4)
2
9 13.4%
4-25 2
18(26.9)
9(13.4)
40(59.7)
67(100)
22(32)
34(55.8)
3(4.2)
3(4.9)
44(63.8)
24(39.3)
69(100)
61(100)
74(37.6)
15(7.6)
108(54.8)
197(100)
2 =16.49
df=4
**p<.01
4-26

vs.
1>2
vs.
1>3
1>3
vs.
2>3
1 2 3
110
4-27
2
.05
4-27 2
15(22.4)
1(1.5)
0(0)
2(3)
17(24.7)
0(0)
1(1.4)
4(5.9)
4(6)
3(4.5)
2(3)
0(0)
4(6)
17(25.4)
9(13.4)
10(14.9)
67(100)
21(34.5)
2(3.3)
1(1.6)
10(16.4)
53(26.9)
3(1.5)
2(1)
16(8.1)
2 =4.941
df=6
p>.05
1(1.4)
1(1.4)
1(1.4)
0(0)
2(3.3)
1(1.6)
5(2.5)
6(3)
4(2)
2 =2.167
df=4
p>.05
1(1.4)
8(11.6)
21(30.4)
10(14.5)
4(5.9)
69(100)
0(0)
3(4.9)
16(26.2)
2(3.3)
3(4.9)
61(100)
1(0.5)
15(7.6)
54(27.4)
21(10.7)
17(8.6)
197(100)
2 =9.871
df=8
p>.05
111
17 7.1%
8 19%
4-28
2
.05 ( 2 =15.435,df=5)
4-28 2
1
(2.9)
33
(97.1)
34
(100)
0
(0)
36
(100)
36
(100)
5
(11.1)
40
(88.9)
45
(100)
8
(19)
34
(81)
42
(100)
112
1
(2.5)
39
(97.5)
40
(100)
2
(4.8)
40
(95.2)
42
(100)
2
2 =15.435
17
(7.1)
df=5
222
*p<.05
(92.9)
239
(100)
26 (76.5 %)
Wenestam Wass(1987) 4 19
4-29
2
.001 ( 2 =64.486 ,df=5)
4-29 2
26
(76.5)
8
(23.5)
34
(100)
19
(52.8)
17
(47.2)
36
(100)
17
(37.8)
28
(62.2)
45
(100)
4
(9.5)
38
(90.5)
42
(100)
113
7
(17.5)
33
(82.5)
40
(100)
3
(7.1)
39
(92.9)
42
(100)
2
2 =64.486
76
(31.8)
df=5
163
***p<.001
(68.2)
239
(100)

Neimeyer(1983)Holcomb Neimeyer(1993)
84
( 3-3)
(4129) (6109)
(5103)
(7117)
114

(4136)
(6125)
(7113)
(7126)
(4101)
(4118)(7119)
(5141)(8108)
(6119)
(4126)(5105)
(5103)
(6128)
(8134)
115
(4109)
(5114)
(6107)
(7119)
(4113)
(5103)
(6108)(7103)(8117)
(4101)(5117)(7111)
(4136)(6107)
(5126)
(5142)
(8106)
(4102)
116
(4133)
(4107)
(4105)
(5126)
.
(6137)(8102)
(6123)
(4113)
(5115)
(6105)(7111)(8121)
117
(8131)
(4136)
(6123)
(4101)
(5102)
(6140)(7107)(8108)
(5112)
(6131)
(6128)
(4137)
(6133)
118
(7142)
(4102)
(5111)
(6120)
(4104)
(5120)
(8133)
(4103)
(7104)
(4104)
(5114)
(6116)
119
(5115)
(7114)
(5142)
(5112)
(6107)
(5118)
(6107)
120
2

--
-
-
--
2
2 -
--
.05 ( 2 =11,df=4)
- 4-30
2
121
4-30 2
(N=36) (N=45) (N=43) (N=40) (N=40) (N=204)

1
2
7
12
6
28
13
12
21
12
12
53
14
15
19
17
69
33
33
28
22
26
142
12
21
21
17
77
30
30
16
15
14
105
24
13
11
24
11
16
12
14
22
75
14
19
11
53
33
20
19
88
20
25
22
27
23
117
29
29
31
26
21
136
28
30
35
29
31
153
122
2
2 =2.488
df=4
P>.05
2 =18.498
df=4
***P<.001
2 =12.709
df=4
**P<.01
2 =21.891
df=4
***P<.001
2
2 =11
df=4
*P<.05
2 =1.938
df=4
P>.05
2 =10.708
df=4
*P<.05
2 =3.351
df=4
P>.05
2 =11.422
df=4
*P<.05
2 =1.368
df=4
P>.05
2
2 =1
df=2
P>.05
2 =2.222
df=2
P>.05
2
-
-
-
4-31 2
4-31 2
1>4
1>5
1>4
1>5
1>2
2>3
2>4
2>5
3>4
3>5
2>4
2>5
3>4
3>5
3>5
4>5
4>5
1>2
1>3
1>2
1>3
1>2
1>3
1>2
1>3
1>4
1>4
2>3
1>5
1>5
2>3
2>3
2>4
2>4
2>5
2>5
3>4
3>4
3>5
4>5
1>5
2>3
2>4
2>5
3>4
3>5
4>5
1>4
1 2 3 4 5
123
---
--
-
2

-
-
4-32
2
124
4-32 2
2
(N=102)
13
(N=102)
15
(N=204)
28
11
13
10
12
18
35
53
42
27
69
59
83
142
42
35
77
48
57
105
10
5
14
8
24
13
10
14
24
36
39
75
25
28
53
36
52
88
64
53
117
56
80
136
74
79
153
125
2 =5.334
df=1
*P<.05
2 =1.374
df=1
P>.05
2 =6.946
df=1
**P<.01
2 =1.386
df=1
P>.05
2 =3.000
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.598
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.293
df=1
P>.05
2 =2.886
df=1
P>.05
2 =3.824
df=1
*P<.05
2 =1.504
df=1
P>.05
2 =1.270
df=1
P>.05
- -
-
-
-
-
--
---
2
.05 ( 2 =8.228,df=3) 2
2 -
--
.05 ( 2 =10.333,df=3)
-
4-33 2
4-34 2
126
4-33 2
(N=78) (N=73)
(N=33) (N=20) (N=204)
16
7
5
0
28
13
12
10
29
11
53
32
17
16
69
50
55
20
17
142
33
22
15
77
36
46
12
11
105
12
24
10
13
24
29
24
14
75
26
15
12
53
33
34
16
88
55
31
19
12
117
52
47
24
13
136
56
59
23
15
153
2
2 =1.389
df=2
P>.05
2 =3.628
df=3
P>.05
2 =8.228
df=3
*P<.05
2 =5.649
df=3
P>.05
2
2 =10.333
df=3 *P<.05
2 =6.462
df=3
P>.05
2 =0.446
df=3
P>.05
2 =2.567
df=2
P>.05
2 =4.771
df=3
P>.05
2 =0.673
df=3
P>.05
2
2 =3
df=2
P>.05
2 =1.667
df=3
P>.05
4-34 2
vs vs vs vs.
vs.
vs.
1>2
1>4
2>4
3>4
1>3
2>3
1 2 3 4
127
---
2
.05
4-35
2
4-35 2
(N=49)
(N=153)
(N=202)
22
28
13
10
12
15
38
53
16
52
68
34
107
141
15
61
76
29
75
104
23
12
13
18
24
18
57
75
14
37
51
28
58
86
26
91
117
28
107
135
21
130
151
128
2
2 =1.312
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.686
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.009
df=1
P>.05
2 =1.578
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.750
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.083
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.010
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.107
df=1
P>.05
2 =2.712
df=1
P>.05
2 =2.344
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.079
df=1
P>.05
---
2
.05
4-36
2
4-36 2
(N=89)
(N=115) (N=204)
13
15
28
13
12
23
30
53
27
42
69
63
79
142
30
47
77
47
58
105
16
24
13
11
13
24
32
43
75
22
31
53
40
48
88
45
72
117
57
79
136
65
88
153
129
2
2 =0.196
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.173
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.520
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.612
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.750
df=1
P>.05
2 =1.077
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.074
df=1
P>.05
2 =4.065
df=1
*P<.05
2 =1.012
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.010
df=1
P>.05
2 =1.667
df=1
P>.05

-
- 2
.05
4-37
2
4-37 2
(N=75)
(N=127)
(N=202)
13
15
28
13
10
12
18
35
53
26
43
69
53
87
140
29
48
77
41
62
103
15
24
12
10
14
24
22
53
75
22
31
53
38
49
87
44
72
116
55
79
134
52
100
152
130
2
2 =0.897
df=1
P>.05
2 =1.374
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.001
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.085
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.750
df=1
P>.05
2 =1.733
df=1
P>.05
2 =1.264
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.214
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.682
df=1
P>.05
2 =1.421
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.079
df=1
P>.05
--
-
-
- 2

.05 4-38
2
4-38 () 2
(N=156)
(N=44)
(N=200)
24
4
28
13
8
36
4
14
12
50
51
17
68
109
30
139
55
20
75
82
21
103
1
1
0
1
1
2
21
24
11
13
16
24
54
19
73
44
53
68
19
87
88
105
26
30
114
135
119
3
32
3
151
6
131
2
2 =1.536
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.134
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.304
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.965
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.750
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.179
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.480
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.196
df=1
P>.05
2 =0.027
df=1
P>.05
2
=0.045
df=1
P>.05
--
-
--
.01
2 -.05
4-39
2 4-40 2
132
4-39 2

(N=70)
(N=68)
13
11
13
12
11
16
24
51
30
20
18
68
39
53
46
138
35
24
17
76
26
38
38
102
11
24
11
24
32
20
21
73
22
17
14
53
32
35
21
88
40
35
39
114
40
46
46
132
47
56
45
148
(N=61) (N=199)
4
28
2 =1.763
df=2
P>.05
2 =9.461
df=2
**P<.01
2 =5.150
df=2
P>.05
2 =8.899
df=2
**P<.01
2 =0.750
df=1
P>.05
2
2 =2.250
df=2
P>.05
2 =1.527
df=2
P>.05
2 =1.709
df=2
P>.0 5
2 =3.589
df=2
P>.05
2 =2.992
df=2
P>.05
2 =0.642
df=2
P>.05
2
2 =3
df=2
P>.05
2 =0.139
df=2
P>.05
4-40 2
1>2
1>3
2>3
1>2
1>3
2>3
1 2 3
133
4-41 31%22%
29%
5% 20%
20%
45%
4-41
9

(25)
1
(2.78)
13
(36.11)
2
(5.56)
(0)
9
(25)
1
(2.78)
1
(2.78)
36
(100)
15
(33.33)
2
(4.44)
12
(26.67)
5
(11.11)
3
(6.67)
5
(11.11)
3
(6.67)
0
(0)
45
(100)
11
(25.58)
1
(2.33)
17
(39.53)
0
(0)
2
(4.65)
12
(27.91)
0
(0)
0
(0)
43
(100)
2
(5)
2
(5)
14
(35)
1
(2.5)
3
(7.5)
18
(45)
0
(0)
0
(0)
40
(100)
8
(20)
1
(2.5)
8
(20)
0
(0)
4
(10)
16
(4)
0
(0)
3
(7.5)
40
(100)
45
(22.06)
7
(3.43)
64
(31.37)
8
(3.92)
12
(5.88)
60
(29.41)
4
(1.96)
4
(1.96)
204
(100)
a.
b.
134
4-42 50%
25% 30%
2.9%
4-42
9
(25)
6
(16.7)
3
(8.3)
7
(19.4)
1
(2.8)
4
(11.1)
4
(11.1)
17
(47.2)
3
(8.3)
20
(44.4)
5
(11.1)
3
(6.7)
7
(15.6)
1
(2.2)
4
(8.9)
7
(15.6)
17
(37.8)
0
(0)
25
(58.1)
9
(20.9)
5
(11.6)
15
(34.9)
6
(14)
17
(39.5)
18
(41.9)
10
(23.3)
2
(4.7)
25
(62.5)
9
(22.5)
11
(27.5)
14
(35)
9
(22.5)
19
(47.5)
19
(47.5)
6
(15)
0
(0)
18
(45)
6
(15)
3
(7.5)
7
(17.5)
1
(2.5)
10
(25)
7
(17.5)
12
(30)
1
(2.5)
97
(47.5)
35
(17.2)
25
(12.3)
50
(24.5)
18
(8.8)
54
(26.5)
55
(30)
62
(30.4)
6
(2.9)
36
(100)
45
(100)
43
(100)
40
(100)
40
(100)
204
(100)
135
4-43
136
4-43
(N=36)
(()
17
)
(47.2)
8
(22.2)
1
(2.8)
0
(0)
2
(5.6)
1
(2.8)
1
(2.8)
4
(11.1)
0
(0)
2
(5.8)
3
(8.3)
1
(2.8)
0
(0)
(0)
0
(0)
3
(8.3)
(N=45)
16
(35.6)
17
(37.8)
2
(4.4)
2
(4.4)
2
(4.4)
0
(0)
1
(2.2)
2
(4.4)
0
(0)
4
(8.9)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
2
(4.4)
0
(0)
7
(15.6)
(N=43)
12
(27.9)
21
(48.8)
2
(4.7)
0
(0)
4
(9.3)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
2
(4.7)
0
(0)
0
(0)
2
(4.7)
0
(0)
2
(4.7)
3
(7)
4
(9.3)
(N=40)
15
(37.5)
14
(35)
1
(2.5)
0
(0)
2
(5)
1
(2.5)
1
(2.5)
0
(0)
2
(5)
3
(7.5)
1
(2.5)
0
(0)
0
(0)
3
(7.5)
2
(5)
4
(10)
(N=40)
10
(25)
17
(42.5)
3
(7.5)
0
(0)
4
(10)
2
(5)
1
(2.5)
0
(0)
1
(2.5)
1
(2.5)
0
(0)
0
(0)
1
(2.5)
3
(7.5)
2
(5)
2
(5)
(N=204)
70
(34.3)
77
(37.7)
9
(4.4)
2
(1)
14
(6.9)
4
(2)
4
(2)
6
(2.9)
5
(2.5)
10
(4.9)
4
(2)
3
(1.5)
1
(0.5)
10
(4.9)
7
(3.4)
20
(9.8)
a.
0933X
b.
137
4 24
4-44
4-44

4
4
4
4
4
4
(%)
24(100)
4-45
138
..
4-45
(%)
4
3
3
4
2
1
4
4
2
3
4
3
19(79.2)
18(75)
1
2
1
2
0
4
2
2
1
3
2
1
3
4
2
0
1
2
1
2
0
4
1
1
6(25)
19(79.2)
9(37.5)
8(33.3)
5(20.8)
139
4-46
4-46

( )
4
3
4
2
4
4
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
(%)
21(87.5)
1(4.2)
2(8.3)
1(4.2)
4-47
4-47 10
3
140
4-47
( )

3
3
4
2
0
1
1
0
0
1
3
2
0
1
0
1
1
1
(%)
13(54.17)
7(29.17)
4(16.67)
4-48
141
4-48
3
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
1
3
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
(%)
4
4
10(41.7)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9(37.5)
1(4.2)
1(4.2)
1(4.2)
2(8.3)
142

4-49
4-49
2
1
9
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
24
143

論文第四章0814范例

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論文第四章0814范例

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Neimeyer(1983)Holcomb Neimeyer(1993) 84

102 (50%) 102 (50%) 204

137 (67.2%) 27 (13.2%)

Nagy(1948) Kane(1979) Tamm

45(58.4) 32(44.4) 22(66.7)

20(26) 23(31.9) 6(18.2)

17(22.1) 17(23.6) 11(33.4)

77(100) 72(100) 33(100)

(N=36) (N=45) (N=43) (N=40) (N=40) (N=204)

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