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Let ACB = q,
Side AB = c , Side BC = a
We can calculate Side AC = b, by Pythagorean Theorem
b = c2 + a2
Cscq = Hypotenuse = b
Opposite Side
c
Secq =
Hypotenuse = b
Adjacent Side a
Cotq =
Adjacent Side
Opposite Side
= a
c
Tanq =
1
Secq
Secq =
1
Cosq
1
Cotq
Cotq =
1
Tanq
Sinq
Cosq
Cotq =
Cosq
Sinq
Also,
Tanq =
For Example
We have previously defined
c
1
b
Sinq =
,
=
= Cscq
b
Sinq
c
This can be done for the other trigonometric functions as well.
2nd Quadrant
A trick to remember this would be to remember the phrase All Silver Tea Cups or
A Smart Trig Class, starting in the first quadrant.
To find function values of special angles
Consider an equilateral triangle, length of each side being 2 units (see figure).
Let us bisect this triangle as shown. We will end up with two 30-60 triangles.
A
A
60
30
2
2
30
2
2
60
D
60
C
60
D
60
C
Therefore,
60
C
1
OppositeSide 1
=
Sin 30 =
Hypotenuse
2
Tan 30 =
AB =
Cos 30 =
AdjacentSide
3
=
Hypotenuse
2
OppositeSide
1
3
=
=
AdjacentSide
3
3
Sin 60 =
OppositeSide
3
=
Hypotenuse
2
Cos 60 =
AdjacentSide 1
=
Hypotenuse
2
OppositeSide
= 3
AdjacentSide
Tan 60 =
Sin 45 =
OppositeSide 1
2
=
=
Hypotenuse
2
2
Tan 45 =
Cos 45 =
1
AdjacentSide
2
=
=
Hypotenuse
2
2
OppositeSide
=1
AdjacentSide
Angle q
Sine
Cosine
Tangent
0
1
2
0
3
3
60
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
90
Undefined
180
-1
30
45
1
3
q
C
Sinq =
c
a
c
b
b
a
, Cosq =
, Tanq = , Secq =
, Cscq =
, Cotq =
b
b
a
a
c
c
(Cotq ) 2 + 1 = (Cscq ) 2
or Cot 2q + 1 = Csc 2q