Definisi Kurikulum Menurut Jurnal

1. Afzaal Hussain , Dr. Ashiq Hussain Dogar , Azra Shakoor, Evaluation of Curriculum
Development Process, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol. 1
No. 14; 2011, 24 Februari 2014
-curriculum is an area of vital importance to the professional teacher. Over the past two
decades the study of curriculum has become an established part of teacher education
programmes.
2. Beth Handler, Teacher as Curriculum Leader: A Consideration of the Appropriateness
of that Role Assignment to Classroom-Based Practitioners Volume 3, Number 3, 2010,
24 Februari 2014.
- curriculum is characterized as what is to be taught, in what order, in what way, and by
whom (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2004).
3. Billet, Stephen. 2005. Constituting the Workplace Curriculum. Journal of Curriculum
Studies, (online), Volume 37, Number 3, 2005, 24 Februari 2014
-Dewey (1916), in accepting the broader view, proposed that curriculum is grounded in
the activity and interrelationships of persons as an interaction between the learner and the
world.
4. Chris Dede, Reconceptualizing Technology Integration to Meet the Necessity of
Transformation. Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, (online), Volume 5, Number
1, 2011, 24 Februari 2014.
-curriculum is designed using principles of guided social constructivism as a theory of
learning and the system provides the support for a transformation of teaching and
learning.

5. Christopher W. Storey, Insights into Language Curriculum Development Vol. 4, No. 1,

2007, 24 Februari 2014.

- The curriculum is like a blueprint, or a grand design. It deals with principles and
orientation.
6. Daniel I Rubin, Just Another Brick in the Wall: Standardization and the Devaluing of
Education. Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, (online), Volume 5, Number 2, 2011
24 Februari 2014.
-Curriculum is being organized scientifically for efficiency, deriving learning objectives
from social and economic needs and casting teachers as managers of the process of
producing student achievement scores.

7. Evrim stnlolu, Ksmet Funda Akgl Zazaolu , Michelle N. Keskin, Beril

Saraykyl, Glfem Akdoan, DEVELOPING A CEF BASED CURRICULUM: A
CASE STUDY Vol.5, No.1, 2012, 21 Februari 2014.
-curriculum as a plan for learning, a production system, and a programme evaluation of
the outcomes.
8. Fred C. Lunenburg, Theorizing about Curriculum: Conceptions and Definitions
VOLUME 13, NUMBER 1, 2011, 21 Februari 2014.
- curriculum as the totality of experiences of each learner, stressing how subject matter is
learned or the process of instruction.
9. Herbert M. Kliebard, Problem of Definition in Curriculum Vol.5, No.1, 1989, 21
Februari 2014.
-the curriculum consists of all experience that all pupil has or is likely to have in school
and a sequence of potential experience is set up in school for the purpose of discipling
children and youth in group ways of thinking and acting.
10. John Jagersma, Empowering Students as Active Participants in Curriculum Design and
Implementation, Volume 8, No. 2, 2011, 21 Februari 2014.
-Curriculum is constructed with the learner as its central focus. Yet the
voice of the learner is largely excluded from the curriculum design and
implementation process.

11. Judy A, Johnson, Principles Of Effective Change: Curriculum Revision That Works.
The Journal of Research for Educational Leaders, Volume 1, Number 1, 2001 24
Februari 2014.
-Curriculum is the information which should be taught with the underlying purpose of
standardizing the behaviors of the society by educating the young in the traditions and
rituals of that culture (Beyer & Liston, l996; Borrowman, l989; Glatthorn, l987; Tanner
& Tanner, l995).
12. Kagema Njogu, Conceptualizing the Curriculum: Towards A Renaissance for Theory,
Vol. 2 No. 9, 2012, 21 Februari 2014.
-curriculum as a field of inquiry and scientific study is grounded on the Deweys
progressive philosophy of child-centred approaches to learning around the formative
years of 1900s.
13. Kurasha Primrose, Curriculum Development And Implementation: Factors Contributing
Towards Curriculum Development In Zimbabwe Higher Education System. European
Social Sciences Research Journal, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2013, 24 Februari 2014.
-Curriculum is defined as the sum of learning experiences offered by schools (Harris,
1991, p. 70).

14. Shao-Wen Su, The Various Concepts of Curriculum and the Factors Involved in
Curricula-making. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, volume 3 number 1.
2012 According to Pratt (1994, p.5) and Barrow and Milburn (1990, p.84), 24 Februari
2014.
-curriculum is derived from the Latin verb currere, to run. Currere became a
diminutive noun and meant a racing chariot or race track. An extension was made by
Cicero who associated the term with curriculum vitae that means the course of ones
life. He also associated it with curricula mentis that metaphorically refers to the
(educational) course of the mind. It was not until the nineteenth century that the term
was commonly used in the educational field.
15. Tamara Shilling, Opportunities and Challenges of Curriculum Mapping Implementation
in One School Setting: Considerations for School Leaders. Journal of Curriculum and
Instruction, Volume 7, Number 2, 2013, 24 February 2014
-Curriculum is central to all the processes and experiences occurring in school settings.