Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Module 1
Lesson 1 What is a Cellular phone Technician?
Session Objectives
At the end of this session, you will be able to:
Know what is a Cellular Phone Technician
Learn the duties and responsibilities as a Cellular Phone Technician
Introduction
In this session, you will learn: What is a Cellular Phone Technician? What are the duties and
responsibilities of a Cellular Phone Technician?
What is a Cellular Phone Technician?
A cellular phone technician carries out proper diagnosis and repair of damaged cellular phones.
As a cellular phone technician, it is important that you should also learn how to identify and know
exactly the things you are going to undertake before performing troubleshooting of faulty cellular
phones.
Duties and Responsibilities
Being a cellular phone technician entails duties and responsibilities which are as follows:
Prepare the work station:
A cellular phone technician must work in a well-lighted work station. This is because of the small
parts inside the cellular phones interior. Most of the repairs are done with the use of electricity;
make sure that the work station has sufficient access to power outlets. All the tools and materials
should be made available all the time.
The main duty of a cellular phone technician is to repair faulty phones brought in by customers. He
diagnoses and repairs the phones, and informs the customers of when the phones will be available
for pick-up.
Inform the customers about the warranties and after-sales service. It is the duty of the cellular
phone technician to inform the customer about warranty issue if not serviced by an accredited
service center of the cellular phone manufacturer.
Quality assurance
Before releasing the repaired cellular phone to the customer, make sure that all the functionalities of
the phone are working.
Lesson 2 Working Environment
Session Objectives
At the end of this session, you will be able to:
Learn and identify the tools and materials that you will be needing in your work station
Know your clients and their needs.
Introduction
In this session, you will learn and understand your working environment and the things that you should
be familiar with. You will also know who your future clients for this job are.
Know and appreciate the opportunities as a cellular phone technician in the industry.
Determine your clients and their needs.
Introduction
In this session, you will learn the possible opportunities in business and employment as a cellular phone
repair technician.
Business Opportunities
There is a growing demand for cellular phone repair jobs. Since there are already millions of people
using cellular phones in the Philippines, there is an increasing number of opportunities in the repair
industry for people who have a good understanding and know-how on cellular phone repair.
And learning cellular phone repair can result in career business opportunities by starting your own
stand-alone cellular phone repair shop.
Employment Opportunities
The cellular industry is one of the fastest-growing industries in the world and in the Philippines. The
repair industry grew dramatically over the past few years. This makes the demand for a cellular phone
technician increase.
Module 2
Lesson 1 How the cellular phone works
Session Objectives
At the end of this session, you will be able to:
Introduction
In this session, you will be able to learn and understand what a cellular phone is, its components and
how it works.
What is a cellular phone?
Cellular telephone, often called mobile telephone, is a type of short-wave analog or digital
telecommunication in which a subscriber has a wireless connection from a mobile telephone to a
relatively nearby transmitter. It makes and receives telephone calls over a radio link moving around a
wide geographic area. The span of the transmitter of coverage is called a cell. Generally, cellular
telephone service is available in urban areas and along major highways. As the cellular telephone user
moves from one cell or area of coverage to another, the telephone is effectively passed on to the local
cell transmitter.
In addition, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of other services such as text messaging,
MMS, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business
applications, gaming and photography. Mobile phones that offer these and more general computing
capabilities are referred to as smart phones.
What is a cell site?
A cell site is a geographic area where the base station is located. This is a site composed of antenna
tower and electronic communications equipment placed to create a cell in cellular network for the use
of cellular phones.
Bands
All cellular phone networks worldwide use a portion of the radio frequency spectrum designated as ultra
high frequency, or "UHF", for the transmission and reception of their signals. The ultra high frequency
band is also shared with television, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth transmission. The cellular frequencies are the
sets of frequency ranges within the ultra high frequency band that have been allocated for cellular
phone use. Due to historical reasons, radio frequencies used for cellular networks differ in America,
Europe, Africa and Asia.
How the cellular phone transmits?
Cellular Phone transmits a certain amount of radio signal. The nearest base station will capture its
presence. This will then able you to receive calls and text messages. On the other hand, if somebody
wants to contact you, his/her cellular phone will transmit a signal to the nearest base station where that
person is located. This base station will then transmit to series of telecommunication relay equipment
such as channel towers or satellites until it reaches your base station where you were connected.
FUNCTION
Cellular Phone
Display
Speaker
Buzzer
Vibra Motor
Input Components
Microphone
Keypad
Types of keypad
- Multi-tap - refers to a text entry system used by
repeatedly pressing the same key to cycle through the
letters for that key.
- Qwerty - is derived sequentially from the first six keys
(from left to right) on the far left portion of a standard
keyboard just below the number keys. This is to
prevent people from typing too quickly and jamming
various keys.
- Touch Screen it is an electronic display that is
sensitive to human touch, allowing the user to interact
by touching pictures and words on the screen.
Types of touch screen
a. Capacitive
b. Resistive
Power
Battery
Battery
Charger
Peripheral
Camera
Bluetooth
SD Slots
II. SOFTWARE
Output Components
Firmware refers to the applications and operating system that control how a cell phone
or Smartphone operates. It is called firmware rather than software to highlight that it is
very closely tied to the particular hardware components of a device. Firmware is
Firmware generally flashed into a phone's ROM rather than simply being loaded into normal phone
storage, where it could be more easily erased and lost in the event of a crash. Firmware
updates are sometimes provided by a company as a way to fix bugs or introduce new
functionality.
Apps allow you to customize a phone to your specific set of wants and needs. They are
generally easy to find and install, and once you start using them, will become a necessary
part of your mobile life. Business people want to be connected to their email as well as
be able to review documents, track expenses, and maintain lists of contact information
Applications
for various groups of people. Common users in general want email, internet access, and
depending upon their preferences, music and games, along with many of the items a
business person needs. The needs of both types of users can be met in a multimedia
Smartphone with the appropriate apps.
Module 3
Introduction
In this session, you will learn and understand the importance and use of a soldering iron for repairing
cellular phones.
What is Soldering?
Soldering is the process of using a metal alloy with a low melting temperature (solder) to fuse the
electrical contacts of a component to the pads of a circuit board.
NOTE:
Proper soldering maximizes the strength and conductivity of the connection; and
Poor soldering can result in weak connections, higher resistance that causes heat build-up at the
connection, and possible failure of the component.
Hot air Gun and Soldering Iron Temperature Setting
Hot air temperature tends to be variable when working on any SMD components. Various Cellular
Phones Products use different kinds of solders.
The amount of temperature on Hot Air Gun's common setting is between 250-350 degrees Celsius while
Soldering Iron is between 200 - 280 degrees Celsius.
Tips for soldering surface mount chip component
Cellular phone components need proper techniques of repairing. There are guidelines to keep in mind.
Chip Resistors
The component body of chip resistors is made out of alumna; an extremely hard, white colored material.
The resistive material is normally located on the top. Chip resistors are usually mounted with the
resistive element facing upwards to help dissipate heat.
Ceramic Capacitors
These components are constructed from several layers of ceramic with internal metalized layers.
Because metal heats up much faster than ceramic, ceramic capacitors need to be heated slowly to avoid
internal separations between the ceramic and the metal layers.
NOTE: Avoid rapid heating of ceramic chip capacitors during soldering operations.
Plastic Body
Another style of chip component has a molded plastic body that protects the internal circuitry. There are
a number of different types of components that share this type of exterior package. The termination
styles for plastic chip component packages vary considerably.
MELF - Metal Electrode Face cylindrical components
These may be capacitors, resistors, and diodes. It can be hard to tell them apart - since there is no
universal coloring or component designators printed on the component bodies.
Safety Precautions
Before proceeding to soldering, these are some safety precautions that you need to know:
1. Never touch the tip of the soldering iron.
It will give a nasty burn since it is very hot at about 400 Degree Celsius.
2. Avoid touching the mains flex with the tip of the iron.
Ordinary plastic flex could easily melt once touched by a hot iron and this will cause serious risk of
burns and electric shock.
3. Keep the soldering iron to its stand when not in use.
Never put it down on your workbench, even for a moment!
4. Work in a well-ventilated area.
The smoke formed as you melt solder is mostly from the flux and quite irritating. Avoid breathing it
by keeping you head to the side of, not above, your work.
5. Always wash your hands after using a solder.
A Solder contains lead which is a poisonous metal.
Lesson 2 What is Circuit Board
Session Objectives
At the end of this session, you will be able to:
Know what a circuit board is
Identify the different components on the Printed Circuit Board.
Understand the diagrams of a Printed Circuit Board
Learn the different circuit symbols
Introduction
In this session, you will learn the function of a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and identify the components
within the PCB.
Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
A printed circuit board is one the main components of a cellular phone. It is considered to be the brain
area of the cellular phone and it runs the whole system. A printed circuit board has to be very sturdy to
be able to support its components.
A printed circuit board is used to connect the electric components with the use of conductive pathways
and signal traces through the use of electricity.
Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Components
A printed circuit board consists of several components that work together to ensure the proper
functioning of the cellular phone.
COMPONENT
PHOTO
FUNCTION
Resistor
Inductor
Fuse
Diode
acts as rectifier. It has polarity and is checked by onesided continuity testing. (color; black with stripe at one
end)
Capacitor
Transistor
Light Emitting
Diode (LED)
Speaker
Microphone
Diagrams
Diagram is also known as electronic schematic. It is a graphical representation of electrical circuit. It
shows the flow of connections between the devices using circuit symbols, including the power and signal
connections.
Types of Diagram
Block Diagram
Block diagrams are used to understand (and design) complete circuits by breaking them down into
smaller sections or blocks. Each block performs a particular function and the block diagram shows how
they are connected together. No attempt is made to show the components used within a block, only the
inputs and outputs are shown. This way of looking at circuits is called the systems approach.
Circuit Diagram
Circuit diagrams show how electronic components are connected together. In a circuit diagram, each
component is represented using circuit symbols.
PCB Diagram
PCB Diagram is a graphical representation on how the components are arranged into the printed circuit
board.
Circuit Symbols
Circuit symbols are used in circuit diagrams which show how a circuit is connected together. The actual
layout of the components is usually quite different from the circuit diagram. To build a circuit, you need
a different diagram showing the layout of the parts on a strip board or printed circuit board.
Wires and Connections
COMPONENT CIRCUIT SYMBOL
Wire
FUNCTION
To pass current very easily from one part of a circuit to
another.
Wires joined
Wires not
joined
Cell
Battery
DC supply
AC supply
Fuse
Transformer
Earth(Ground)
Output Devices
COMPONENT CIRCUIT SYMBOL
FUNCTION
Lamp (lighting)
Lamp
(indicator)
Heater
Motor
Bell
Buzzer
Inductor(Coil,
Solenoid)
Switches
COMPONENT
Push Switch
(push-to-make)
Push-to-Break
Switch
On-Off Switch
(SPST)
2-way Switch
(SPDT)
Dual On-Off
Switch (DPST)
CIRCUIT SYMBOL
FUNCTION
A push switch allows current to flow only when the
button is pressed. This is the switch used to operate
a doorbell.
This type of push switch is normally closed (on), it is
open (off) only when the button is pressed.
SPST = Single Pole, Single Throw. An on-off switch
allows current to flow only when it is in the closed
(on) position.
SPDT = Single Pole, Double Throw. A 2-way
changeover switch directs the flow of current to
one of two routes according to its position. Some
SPDT switches have a central off position and are
described as 'on-off-on'.
DPST = Double Pole, Single Throw. A dual on-off
switch which is often used to switch mains
electricity because it can isolate both the live and
neutral connections.
Reversing
Switch (DPDT)
Relay
Resistors
COMPONENT
CIRCUIT SYMBOL
Resistor
Variable Resistor
(Rheostat)
Variable Resistor
(Potentiometer)
Variable Resistor
(Preset)
Capacitors
COMPONENT CIRCUIT SYMBOL
FUNCTION
A resistor restricts the flow of current, for example to
limit the current passing through a LED. A resistor is
used with a capacitor in a timing circuit.
This type of variable resistor with 2 contacts (a
rheostat) is usually used to control current. Examples
include: adjusting lamp brightness, adjusting motor
speed, and adjusting the rate of flow of charge into a
capacitor in a timing circuit.
This type of variable resistor with 3 contacts (a
potentiometer) is usually used to control voltage. It
can be used like this as a transducer converting
position (angle of the control spindle) to an electrical
signal.
This type of variable resistor (a preset) is operated
with a small screwdriver or similar tool. It is designed
to be set when the circuit is made and then left
without further adjustment. Presets are cheaper than
normal variable resistors so they are often used in
projects to reduce the cost.
FUNCTION
Capacitor
Capacitor,
polarised
Variable
Capacitor
Trimmer
Capacitor
Transistors
COMPONENT
CIRCUIT
SYMBOL
FUNCTION
Transistor NPN
Transistor PNP
Phototransistor
A light-sensitive transistor.
FUNCTION
Microphone
Earphone
Loudspeaker
Piezo Transducer
Amplifier (general
symbol)
Aerial (Antenna)
Introduction
In this session, you will learn, understand and perform the basic steps for soldering different internal
components of a cellular phone.
Basic Procedure on How to Solder
Note: Please keep in mind safety precautions.
Step 1: Clean the surface of the PCB.
A clean surface is very important for a strong, low resistance solder joint.
Step 2: Component Placement In general it is best to start with the smallest and flattest components
(resistors, ICs, signal diodes, etc.) and then work up to the larger components (capacitors, power
transistors, transformers) after the small parts are done.
Step 3: Apply Heat
Apply a very small amount of solder to the tip of the iron. This helps conduct the heat to the component
and board, but it is not the solder that will make up the joint.
Step 4: Apply Solder To The Joint
Once the component lead and solder pad have heated up, you are ready to apply solder. Touch the tip
of the strand of solder to the component lead and solder pad, but not the tip of the iron. If everything is
hot enough, the solder should flow freely around the lead and pad. You will see the flux melt liquify as
well, bubble around the joint (this is part of its cleaning action), flow out and release smoke. Continue to
add solder to the joint until the pad is completely coated and the solder forms a small mound with
slightly concave sides. If it starts to ball up, you have used too much solder or the pad on the board is
not hot enough.
Step 5: Inspect The Joint and Cleanup
Once the joint is made, you should inspect it. Check for shorts with adjacent pads or poor flow. If the
joint checks out, move on to the next.
Basic De-soldering Procedure
A. Using a de-soldering pump (solder sucker)
Step 1:
In setting up the pump, you need to push the spring-loaded plunger down until it locks.
Step 2:
Apply both the pump nozzle and the tip of your soldering iron to the joint.
Step 3:
Wait a second or two for the solder to melt.
Step 4:
Then press the button on the pump to release the plunger and suck the molten solder into the tool.
Step 5:
Repeat if necessary to remove as much solder as possible.
Step 6:
The pump will need emptying occasionally by unscrewing the nozzle.
Basic De-soldering Procedure
B. Using solder remover wick (copper braid)
Step 1:
Apply both the end of the wick and the tip of your soldering iron to the joint.
Step 2:
As the solder melts, most of it will flow onto the wick, away from the joint.
Step 3:
Remove the wick first, then the soldering iron.
Step 4:
Cut off and discard the end of the wick coated with solder.
2. Resistors
Soldering a resistor is not difficult. You just need to solder the two
ends of its lead to the board.
3. Capacitor
Place your capacitor lead to the circuit board. Bend the leads down to
hold the capacitor in place as you are soldering. Make sure the
capacitor is as tight to the board as possible. Touch the soldering iron
to the joint it is sitting on. And wait for a few seconds to let it cool.
4. Inductor
Center the electronic component on the circuit board mounting pads.
For thru-hole components, feed the leads through the holes and bend
the end of the lead over to hold it in place. Apply the solder to the
lead. Do not move the component or board until the solder
connection cools for a few seconds.
Module 4
Lesson 1 Introduction to Diagnostic and Repair
Session Objectives
At the end of this session, you will be able to:
Know the safety equipment and tools used to repair cellular phone.
Install and Connect the Z3X Box
Apply the Standard Operating Procedure before performing cellular phone repair
Introduction
In this session you will learn the safety equipment and tools used for diagnosing and repairing faulty
cellular phones.
OHS Equipment
1. Anti-static Wrist Strap
Anti static wrist strap is used to avoid risk of electrostatic discharge from a human body to an electronic
component circuit.
2. Hand Gloves
Protect your hand from possible burns or brushes. It also protect the cell phones from scratches and
possible electrostatic discharge.
Diagnostic procedures
External Diagnosis
It is the diagnostic process of examining the external components of the cellular phone.
Software Diagnosis
It is the diagnostic process of examining the phone using software.
Internal Diagnosis
It is the diagnostic process of examining the internal components of the cellular phone.
Diagnostic tools
HAND TOOL
PICTURE
FUNCTIONS
Multitester
(Analog/Digital)
Screw Drivers
Tweezers
Pick tool
Soldering Iron
Soldering Lead
Jumper Wires
DC Regulated Power
Supply
Software
1. Flashing and Unlocking Device- it is Software Tools used to unlock and flash mobile phones
programmable circuits. Examples of these types of devices are: Micro-HWK, Z3X Box, and Cyclone Box.
How to install the software and drivers for the Z3X Box
Download the Z3X Box Shell software from the official website at www.z3x-team.com
After downloading the Z3X Box Shell software, double click on the executable file. This will install the
necessary software to use Z3X Box.
After the installation of the Shell software, connect the Z3X box to a free USB port on your computer.
When the box is connected, you will need to install the windows device drivers for the Z3X Box to
function properly.
Procedures on how to install the device driver for Z3X Box: Z3X Box
Click start and right click on Computer, then click on Properties.
A new window will appear displaying information about your Computer. On the upper left corner of the
windows click on Device Manger.
On the Other devices list, locate and right click on the Z3X BOX icon and click on Properties.
On the Z3X Box Properties windows, click on the Driver tab and then Click on the Update Driver
button.
A dialog box will appear asking you How do you want to search for driver software, click on the
Browse my computer for driver software option.
On the Browse for driver software on your computer windows, click on the Browse button and
locate C:\Program Files\Z3X\Box Drivers, then click ok.
Windows will now install the Z3X Box driver, a message box will appear informing you that Windows
cant verify the publisher of this driver software, click on the Install this driver software anyway
option. Wait for Windows to complete the driver installation.
After installing the driver for the Z3X Box, a new device will appear on the list of Other devices. Right
click on the USB Serial Port icon and click on Properties, follow the instructions d g to install the
driver for the USB Serial Port device.
Smart Card
Next, you will need to install the device for the Smart Card, on the Other devices list locate and right
click on the Smart Card icon and click on Properties.
On the Smart Card Properties windows, click on the Driver tab and then Click on the Update Driver
button.
A dialog box will appear asking you How do you want to search for driver software, click on the
Browse my computer for driver software option.
On the Browse for driver software on your computer windows, click on the Let me pick from a list of
device on my computer option.
Scroll down on the list of Common hardware types: and click on Smart Cards, then click the Next
button.
From the Manufacturer list select Microsoft , from the Model list select Generic Smart Card and
click the Next button.
An Update Driver Warning dialog box will appear, just click on the Yes button to continue installing
the driver.
After the installation is finished, click on the Close button.
After completing the installation of the drivers, you will need to register and activate your Z3X Box. To
this make sure that you are connected to the internet.
Run the Z3X Box shell, click on the Settings and Card tools tab. Click on the Run Card Wizard button
and follow the on screen instructions.
Standard Operating Procedure before Conducting Repairs
Know the phone's history
Conduct an interview with the cellular phone owner to know what had happened before the problem
first occurred.
Check the phones status
Perform an external inspection of the phone to get an idea of the possible cause of the problem.
Make an assessment if the phone is still fixable or not.
Inform the customer about the problem, possible solution, and service fee. Explain to the customer
what exactly you are going to do with the cellular phone and give an estimate repair cost.